草浆黑液降低稠油粘度的研究

将碱法制浆黑液与稠油混合，可明显降低稠油的粘度．用均匀设计法设计试验，讨论了黑液浓度、稠油酸值、水油比（体积）、温度及水的矿化度对稠油降粘作用的影响．结果表明，黑液浓度为5％～15％，酸值为3～4.5mg／g（KOH／油）时，体系粘度最低，在试验范围内，水油比越大，温度越高，矿化度越小体系的粘度越低．     

草浆黑液降解稠油粘度的研究

将碱法制浆黑液与稠油混合，可明显降低稠油的粘度。用均匀设计法设计试验，讨论了黑液浓度、稠油酸值、水油比（体积）、温度及水的矿化度对稠油降粘作用的影响。结果表明，黑液浓度为５％￣１５％，酸值为３￣４．５ｍｇ／ｇ（ＫＯＨ／油）时，体系粘度最低，在试验范围内，水油比越大，温度越高，矿化度越小体系的粘度越低。     

水平管外降膜蒸发液膜流动状态及积垢分析

利用碱法麦草浆黑液作为工质,通过建立湍流数学模型对水平管外降膜黑液蒸发热传递积垢阻力情况进行研究,分析了水平管外降膜黑液蒸发的热传递、浓缩、黑液积垢现象,发现了水平传热管外有效减少黑液积垢和提高生产效率的热边界条件,得出对于一种较高固溶物质量分数的黑液,高Re值、低黑液与加热面温差、低加热温度是提高液体浓缩度和控制可溶物积垢非常有效的方法,同时也显示水平管外降膜黑液的成分越少越好,纯液体的蒸发速率是最好的。这个模型还可用来预测污垢的形成过程及积垢程度。     

蔗渣碱本素低温等离子体处理研究

从蔗渣纸浆黑液中分离提纯出蔗渣碱木素，然后在Ar．N_2及O_2等不同气氛下进行低温等离子体处理，得处理残存物及裂解产物。分析结果表明，在等离子体处理过程中，蔗渣碱木素有新的自由基生成．其含量随不同气氛而异，顺序为O_2＞N_2＞Ar；蔗渣碱木素处理残存物有O．N等元素嵌入，其玻璃化转变温度和热稳定性能提高；蔗渣碱木素苯丙烷基结构单元的侧链容易断裂，其木素裂解产物有较高的O和N等元素含量。     

木质素磺酸盐类水煤浆添加剂的制备

利用SFP制浆黑液和磺化碱木质素与表面活性剂复配制备水煤浆添加剂，并与商品水煤浆添加剂进行对比，结果表明：SFP制浆黑液与非离子型表面活性剂B复配物(NLSY-1)对大同煤具有良好的适应性，可制得流动性好、粘度小、稳定性好的水煤浆燃料。     

蔗渣还原硫酸浸取低品位软锰矿工艺研究

以蔗渣作为还原剂,硫酸浸取低品位软锰矿制取硫酸锰。探究了锰矿和蔗渣的粒度、搅拌速度、蔗渣与锰矿质量比、硫酸浓度、反应温度、液固质量比、反应时间等因素对锰浸出率的影响。通过单因素实验得出浸取过程优化工艺条件为：蔗渣与软锰矿质量比为4∶1,硫酸初始质量分数为30%,反应温度为35 ℃,搅拌速度为650 r/min,液固质量比为40∶1,锰矿和蔗渣的粒度均为109～120 μm,反应时间为6 h。在此工艺条件下,锰浸出率达97%以上。     

预处理和添加硅酸钠对草浆过氧化氢漂白的影响

对酸处理 /螯合处理过程中pH值变化以及硅酸钠的使用对麦草浆和蔗渣浆过氧化氢漂白的影响进行了研究。结果表明 ,在pH值为 3时螯合处理能够使各浆料获得最佳白度 ;硅酸钠可抑制过氧化氢漂白中纤维素的降解 ,提高纸浆粘度 ,并可使Si和Mg含量较低的蔗渣浆提高白度。     

木质素磺酸盐类水煤浆添加剂的制备

利用SFP制浆黑液和磺化碱木质素与表面活性剂复配制备水煤浆添加剂,并与商品水煤浆添加剂进行对比,结果表明:SFP制浆黑液与非离子型表面活性剂B复配物(NLSY-1)对大同煤具有良好的适应性,可制得流动性好、粘度小、稳定性好的水煤浆燃料。     

定量~(13)C-NMR谱表征蔗渣碱木素结构

从蔗渣纸浆黑液中制出纯蔗渣碱木素，然后测定其定量13C-NMR谱．图谱分析表明，蔗渣碱木素主要由紫丁香基，愈创木基和对羟苯基三种丙烷结构单元组成，其中未绩合的紫丁香基、愈创木基和对羟羊基含量比为2.2：1．0：1．4．蔗渣碱术素结构单元间主要以β-O－4烷基芳基醚键连接，也有一定量的非环状α-醚键存在．蔗渣碱木素中，相当部分对香豆酸类结构并非通过酯键而是通过醚键或碳双键连接于芳核上．     

新型蔗渣木聚糖醋酸酯的合成与表征

摘要：以蔗渣木聚糖为原料,醋酸酐为酯化剂,对甲基苯磺酸为催化剂,在冰醋酸体系中合成了蔗渣木聚糖醋酸酯。考察了诸因素对产品取代度的影响。在m(木聚糖)∶m(醋酸酐)=4∶5,m(木聚糖)∶m(催化剂)=4∶0.2,m(木聚糖)∶m(冰醋酸)=4∶10.49,酯化温度为70℃,酯化时间为4h的条件下,合成了取代度为0.20的蔗渣木聚糖醋酸酯。采用FTIR、XRD和SEM对蔗渣木聚糖醋酸酯结构进行表征。分别测定蔗渣木聚糖醋酸酯的糊化性能和热黏度,表明蔗渣木聚糖醋酸酯比蔗渣木聚糖糊化温度低,热黏稳定性显著改善。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。