基于多边形支持域的无单元Galerkin方法研究

本文针对传统无单元Galerkin方法不能直接施加本质边界条件的缺点,提出了基于多边形支持域的无单元Galerkin方法.该方法将计算点的支持域由矩形或圆形扩展为多边形,使得移动最小二乘形函数满足Kronecker函数性质,进而使无单元Galerkin方法可以直接施加本质边界条件.此外,该方法将积分背景网格与多边形支持域关联,可以避免重复的节点搜索,提高了无单元Galerkin方法的计算效率.数值结果表明,基于多边形支持域的无单元Galerkin方法不但具有较高的计算效率,且与稳定化方案耦合,可以成功克服对流占优引起的数值不稳定问题.     

非线性Burgers方程求解的自适应Euler-Lagrange无单元Galerkin方法

建立了求解非线性Burgers方程的自适应Euler-Lagrange无单元Galerkin(adaptiveEuler-Lagrange element-free Galerkin,AELEFG)方法.该方法将Euler形式的非线性Burgers方程转化成Lagrange形式的纯扩散方程,使用节点自适应无单元Galerkin(element-free Galerkin,EFG)方法求解该扩散方程,并沿特征路径反向追踪对对流项进行处理.数值结果表明,运用AELEFG方法求解非线性Burgers方程具有较高的精度及稳定性.     

非均质材料的扩展无单元Galerkin法模拟

该文基于滑动Kriging插值法,提出了求解含夹杂非均匀材料问题的扩展无单元Galerkin法。该方法利用水平集函数对滑动Kriging插值形函数进行扩展,从而来反映材料交界面的几何形状和不连续位移场。相比传统的移动最小二乘法形函数,滑动Kriging插值形函数由于满足Kronecker delta函数性质,因此能准确施加位移边界条件。在含夹杂非均匀材料问题求解时,阐述了扩展无单元Galerkin法位移模式的构造以及控制方程的建立。最后通过单夹杂和多夹杂算例表明,扩展无单元Galerkin法相比扩展有限元法,计算精度更高、收敛速率更快。     

基于非协调边界元法的声辐射模态分析

利用非协调单元离散声学Helmholtz边界积分方程,采用极坐标变换法消除积分奇异性,通过CHIEF方法加Lagrange乘子法处理特征频率处解的不唯一性。在此基础上,应用非协调单元推导结构的声辐射功率和声辐射效率的表达式。以脉动球和辐射立方体为例,计算结构的声辐射功率、辐射效率、辐射模态、辐射模态效率等物理量,并与协调单元的计算结果做比较,取得较好的一致性。     

巴西圆盘中心裂纹摩擦接触问题的逐点Lagrange乘子法

采用逐点Lagrange乘子法求解巴西圆盘中心裂纹在压剪荷载作用下裂纹面可能发生的摩擦接触问题。为了避免传统的Lagrange乘子法中总刚度阵求逆的困难,将Lagrange乘子逐点转到局部坐标系下,采用Gauss-Seidel迭代法求解法向和切向乘子,同时注意在求解的过程中对切向乘子约束修正,待所有点乘子求解完成后再变换到整体坐标系下迭代求解位移。与传统接触算法相比,该算法无需对总刚度阵求逆,降低了求解规模,提高了计算效率。通过该方法计算了巴西圆盘中心裂纹两种典型情况下的应力强度因子,计算结果与文献比较,吻合良好。考虑不同荷载角和裂纹长度对位移,应力强度因子和接触区的影响,并对不同摩擦系数下应力强度因子的影响进行了分析。结果表明:忽略裂纹接触摩擦作用,应力强度因子可能被高估。     

采用谱单元Galerkin法求解非线性模态

为进一步提高非线性振动系统在不变流形定义下的非线性模态的求解精度,采用一种基于谱单元的Galerkin求解方案。不同于已有的非线性模态Galerkin分片求解方法,该方案选取第二类Chebyshev多项式的零点构造单元的Lagrange插值函数,将其与谐波函数一起作为基函数对整个求解域进行Galerkin离散。在展开系数的迭代求解中,Jacobian矩阵的稀疏性因选取的谱单元阶数不同而不同。采用该方法与分片求解法分别计算一个非线性振动系统的非线性模态并进行比较。结果表明该方法在求解域较大时仍可获得较为准确的解。     

瞬态热传导问题的修正变分原理及其数值算法

本文采用拉格朗日乘子将本征边界条件引入到瞬态热传导问题的泛函方程,通过变分原理得到了其修正泛函.采用Galerkin无网格法在空间域内进行离散,得到瞬态热传导问题的半离散方程;在时间域上通过与Romberg积分相结合的精细积分法求解,并且推导了瞬态热传导方程中精细积分的普遍适应的公式,结合数值算例对方法的有效性和精确性进行了验证.     

非协调单元在声学边界元法中的应用

利用非协调元离散Helmholtz边界积分方程,有效地解决协调元计算中的角点问题。为消除积分奇异性,提出了非协调元法中的极坐标变换方法。采用CHIEF法加Lagrange乘子法进行处理特征频率处解的不唯一性。解线性代数方程组获得结点处声压,网格点处的声压通过结点平均或单元平均的方法计算。通过计算脉动球和立方体的表面辐射声压,并将协调元和非协调元的计算结果做了比较,证明本文方法的有效性和对非光滑表面的适应性。     

压电结构动力分析的无网格自然单元法

自然单元法是一种新兴的无网格数值计算方法,在本质边界条件的施加上较采用移动最小二乘法的无网格法具有明显的优势。将无网格自然单元法与精细积分法相结合,提出了压电结构动力响应分析的一条新途径。在空间域上采用自然单元法离散,并运用加权余量法推导了压电结构动力分析的离散控制方程。然后,采用精细积分法在时间域上进行求解。最后给出了数值算例,并验证了所提方法的有效性和正确性。     

弹塑性力学问题的无单元伽辽金法

用无单元伽辽金法(EFGM)求解了弹塑性平面问题。EFGM采用移动最小二乘函数近似试函数,并用罚函数法施加本质(位移)边界条件,这是一种与单元划分无关的无网格方法。文中采用了Newton-Raphson增量迭代法进行计算。算例表明:EFGM在求解弹塑性问题时仍具有稳定性好,收敛快的优点。     

Exact imposition of essential boundary condition and material interface continuity in Galerkin‐based meshless methods

Represented by the element free Galerkin method, the meshless methods based on the Galerkin variational procedure have made great progress in both research and application. Nevertheless, their shape functions free of the Kronecker delta property present great troubles in enforcing the essential boundary condition and the material continuity condition. The procedures based on the relaxed variational formulations, such as the Lagrange multiplier‐based methods and the penalty method, strongly depend on the problem in study, the interpolation scheme, or the artificial parameters. Some techniques for this issue developed for a particular method are hard to extend to other meshless methods. Under the framework of partition of unity and strict Galerkin variational formulation, this study, taking Poisson's boundary value problem for instance, proposes a unified way to treat exactly both the material interface and the nonhomogeneous essential boundary as in the finite element analysis, which is fit for any partition of unity‐based meshless methods. The solution of several typical examples suggests that compared with the Lagrange multiplier method and the penalty method, the proposed method can be always used safely to yield satisfactory results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Heat transfer analysis of composite slabs using meshless element Free Galerkin method

This paper deals with three dimensional heat transfer analysis of composite slabs using meshless element free Galerkin method. The element free Galerkin method (EFG) method utilizes moving least square (MLS) approximants to approximate the unknown function of temperature Tx). These approximants are constructed by using a weight function, a basis function and a set of coefficients that depends on position. Penalty and Lagrange multiplier techniques have been used to enforce the essential boundary conditions. MATLAB codes have been developed to obtain the EFG results. Two new basis functions namely trigonometric and polynomial have been proposed. A comparison has been made among the results obtained using existing (linear) and proposed (trigonometric and polynomial) basis functions for three dimensional heat transfer in composite slabs. The effect of penalty parameter on EFG results has also been discussed. The results obtained by EFG method are compared with those obtained by finite element method     

Essential boundary condition enforcement in meshless methods: boundary flux collocation method

Element‐free Galerkin (EFG) methods are based on a moving least‐squares (MLS) approximation, which has the property that shape functions do not satisfy the Kronecker delta function at nodal locations, and for this reason imposition of essential boundary conditions is difficult. In this paper, the relationship between corrected collocation and Lagrange multiplier method is revealed, and a new strategy that is accurate and very simple for enforcement of essential boundary conditions is presented. The accuracy and implementation of this new technique is illustrated for one‐dimensional elasticity and two‐dimensional potential field problems. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Local Kronecker delta property of the MLS approximation and feasibility of directly imposing the essential boundary conditions for the EFG method

The element-free Galerkin (EFG) method is a promising method for solving many engineering problems. Because the shape functions of the EFG method obtained by the moving least-squares (MLS) approximation, generally, do not satisfy the Kronecker delta property, special techniques are required to impose the essential boundary conditions. In this paper, it is proved that the MLS shape functions satisfy the Kronecker delta property when the number of nodes in the support domain is equal to the number of the basis functions. According to this, a local Kronecker delta property, which is satisfying the Kronecker delta property only at boundary nodes, can be obtained in one- and two-dimension. This local Kronecker delta property is an inherent property of the one-dimensional MLS shape functions and can be obtained for the two-dimensional MLS shape functions by reducing the influence domain of each boundary node to weaken the influence between them. The local Kronecker delta property provides the feasibility of directly imposing the essential boundary conditions for the EFG method. Four numerical examples are computed to verify this feasibility. The coincidence of the numerical results obtained by the direct method and Lagrange multiplier method shows the feasibility of the direct method.     

Kinematically admissible meshless approximation using modified weight function

In meshless methods, in general, the shape functions do not satisfy Kronecker delta properties at nodal points. Therefore, imposing essential boundary conditions is not a trivial task as in FEM. In this regard, there has been a great deal of endeavor to find ways to impose essential boundary conditions. In this study, a new scheme for imposing essential boundary conditions is developed. Weight functions are modified by multiplying with auxiliary weight functions and the resulting shape functions satisfy Kronecker delta properties on the boundary nodes. In addition, the resulting shape functions possess linear interpolation features on the boundary segments where essential boundary conditions are prescribed. Therefore, the essential boundary conditions can be exactly satisfied with the new method. More importantly, the imposition of essential boundary conditions using the present method is infinitely easy as in the finite element method. Numerical examples show that the method also retains high convergence rate comparable to the Lagrange multiplier method. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A stable Lagrange multiplier space for stiff interface conditions within the extended finite element method

This paper introduces a new algorithm to define a stable Lagrange multiplier space to impose stiff interface conditions within the context of the extended finite element method. In contrast to earlier approaches, we do not work with an interior penalty formulation as, e.g. for Nitsche techniques, but impose the constraints weakly in terms of Lagrange multipliers. Roughly speaking a stable and optimal discrete Lagrange multiplier space has to satisfy two criteria: a best approximation property and a uniform inf–sup condition. Owing to the fact that the interface does not match the edges of the mesh, the choice of a good discrete Lagrange multiplier space is not trivial. Here we propose a new algorithm for the local construction of the Lagrange multiplier space and show that a uniform inf–sup condition is satisfied. A counterexample is also presented, i.e. the inf–sup constant depends on the mesh‐size and degenerates as it tends to zero. Numerical results in two‐dimensional confirm the theoretical ones. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Formulation and implementation of stress‐driven and/or strain‐driven computational homogenization for finite strain

In this paper, we present a homogenization approach that can be used in the geometrically nonlinear regime for stress‐driven and strain‐driven homogenization and even a combination of both. Special attention is paid to the straightforward implementation in combination with the finite‐element method. The formulation follows directly from the principle of virtual work, the periodic boundary conditions, and the Hill–Mandel principle of macro‐homogeneity. The periodic boundary conditions are implemented using the Lagrange multiplier method to link macroscopic strain to the boundary displacements of the computational model of a representative volume element. We include the macroscopic strain as a set of additional degrees of freedom in the formulation. Via the Lagrange multipliers, the macroscopic stress naturally arises as the associated ‘forces’ that are conjugate to the macroscopic strain ‘displacements’. In contrast to most homogenization schemes, the second Piola–Kirchhoff stress and Green–Lagrange strain have been chosen for the macroscopic stress and strain measures in this formulation. The usage of other stress and strain measures such as the first Piola–Kirchhoff stress and the deformation gradient is discussed in the Appendix. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Imposing Dirichlet boundary conditions in the extended finite element method

This paper is devoted to the imposition of Dirichlet‐type conditions within the extended finite element method (X‐FEM). This method allows one to easily model surfaces of discontinuity or domain boundaries on a mesh not necessarily conforming to these surfaces. Imposing Neumann boundary conditions on boundaries running through the elements is straightforward and does preserve the optimal rate of convergence of the background mesh (observed numerically in earlier papers). On the contrary, much less work has been devoted to Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X‐FEM (or the limiting case of stiff boundary conditions). In this paper, we introduce a strategy to impose Dirichlet boundary conditions while preserving the optimal rate of convergence. The key aspect is the construction of the correct Lagrange multiplier space on the boundary. As an application, we suggest to use this new approach to impose precisely zero pressure on the moving resin front in resin transfer moulding (RTM) process while avoiding remeshing. The case of inner conditions is also discussed as well as two important practical cases: material interfaces and phase‐transformation front capturing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Application of meshless EFG method in fluid flow problems

This paper deals with the solution of two-dimensional fluid flow problems using the meshless element-free Galerkin method. The unknown function of velocity u(x) is approximated by moving least square approximants u^h(x). These approximants are constructed by using a weight function, a monomial basis function and a set of non-constant coefficients. The variational method is used for the development of discrete equations. The Lagrange multiplier technique has been used to enforce the essential boundary conditions. A new exponential weight function has been proposed. The results are obtained for a two-dimensional model problem using different EFG weight functions and compared with the results of finite element and exact methods. The results obtained using proposed weight functions (exponential) are more promising as compared to those obtained using existing weight functions (quartic spline and Gaussian)