氮化碳的制备,结构和性能

本文科要评述了人工合成新材料氮化碳（Ｃ３Ｎ４）的制备方法，以及制备方法对成分，结构和性能的影响，并作出了氮化碳研究的发展展望。     

氮化碳基纳米复合材料在重金属去除方面研究进展

石墨相氮化碳材料作为一种重要的二维层状材料, 在光催化、能源存储和环境污染治理等领域引起了广泛关注。氮化碳基复合材料以其稳定的物理化学性质、低成本和环境友好等特点成为不同领域的研究热点。在过去几年中, 氮化碳及其氮化碳基复合材料的制备、性质表征和不同领域应用取得了重要进展。本文总结了近几年氮化碳基复合材料的制备及掺杂和功能化研究, 及其在重金属离子废水中的去除应用, 以及不同研究方法对吸附机理的分析。最后还总结了氮化碳基材料在未来研究和应用中面临的主要问题、挑战和机遇。     

磁控溅射法制备氮化碳薄膜的研究进展

简要评述了磁控溅射法制备氮化碳(CNx)薄膜的研究进展的现状,以及磁控溅射法制备氮化碳(CNx)薄膜过程中工艺参数对薄膜的结构和性能的影响,展望了氮化碳研究的发展趋势.     

氮化碳基纳米复合材料在重金属去除方面研究进展（英文）

石墨相氮化碳材料作为一种重要的二维层状材料,在光催化、能源存储和环境污染治理等领域引起了广泛关注。氮化碳基复合材料以其稳定的物理化学性质、低成本和环境友好等特点成为不同领域的研究热点。在过去几年中,氮化碳及其氮化碳基复合材料的制备、性质表征和不同领域应用取得了重要进展。本文总结了近几年氮化碳基复合材料的制备及掺杂和功能化研究,及其在重金属离子废水中的去除应用,以及不同研究方法对吸附机理的分析。最后还总结了氮化碳基材料在未来研究和应用中面临的主要问题、挑战和机遇。     

超分子自组装法制备氮化碳聚合物光催化剂

利用光催化技术将低密度的太阳能转化为高密度的化学能或直接降解有机污染物,是解决能源短缺和环境污染等问题的理想途径。氮化碳是近期发展出来的一类聚合物半导体新型光催化剂,在分解水制氢、污染物降解、二氧化碳还原、选择性有机合成等研究方面有着重要科学意义和应用前景。前驱物超分子自组装法是制备高效纳米氮化碳光催化剂的重要合成方法之一。通过分子间的弱相互作用力,如三聚氰胺与三嗪衍生物之间的氢键相互作用,形成有序的超分子组装体,再进一步焙烧热聚合可制备氮化碳纳米材料。通过控制自组装过程的反应参数和条件,可以有效地调控氮化碳的组成、形貌、能带结构、光学性能、光生载流子分离效率,从而提高氮化碳的光催化性能。综述了超分子自组装法合成氮化碳光催化剂的最新研究进展,总结了系列纳米结构氮化碳光催化剂的研究工作,包括共聚合改性氮化碳、非金属掺杂氮化碳、金属掺杂氮化碳、金属氧化物-氮化碳复合物、氮化碳异质结以及高结晶度氮化碳光催化剂等。同时阐述了超分子自组装法对氮化碳的组成、结构和光催化性能的调控作用,并就该研究领域未来发展进行了展望。     

氮化碳在场发射冷阴极材料中的研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

氮化碳具有优良的热稳定性、高热导率、较大的禁带宽度和负的电子亲和势等优点,是一种极具潜力的场发射阴极材料。本文在介绍氮化碳的结构、性能以及作为场发射材料的研究现状的基础上,着重评述了氮化碳薄膜和粉体的制备方法;从优化结构中的sp^(2)簇的数量及尺寸、调控表面形貌、元素掺杂,以及通过与其他场发射材料复合或表面修饰形成多级发射结构等方面,阐述了优化氮化碳场发射性能的方法。最后总结了氮化碳薄膜和粉体分别作为场发射阴极材料仍然存在的问题,并以此指出将来开展相关研究的重点在于继续优化其场发射性能,以及探索其内部结构、缺陷等对场发射性能的影响。     

几种碳源对碳热还原氮化法制备Ti(C,N)粉末的影响

以纳米TiO2和不同碳源为原料,采用碳热还原氮化法,制备了Ti(C,N)粉末.通过X射线衍射分析、热分析、扫描电镜、化学成分分析等手段研究了TiO2碳热还原氮化过程的反应机理和不同碳源对制备碳氮化钛粉末的影响.结果表明,在TiO2碳热还原氮化过程中,前期主要为TiO2/C固-固反应,后期CO参与的气-固反应变为主要反应...     

氮化碳薄膜制备及性能研究进展

本文对氮化碳的结构及制备工艺如溅射、化学气相沉积、离子束辅助沉积、激光烧蚀等作了较为详细的总结与分析,对各种制备工艺条件下的氮化碳的性能包括力学、电学及光学性能进行了讨论,并对今后的发展趋势提出了自己的见解．     

热剥离处理对氮化碳2D纳米片结构和光催化性能的影响

石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)因制备成本低、无毒无害、物化性能稳定等优点而备受关注,然而,不同前驱体制得的g-C3N4的产率和光催化活性也不同.分别以尿素、二氰胺、三聚氰胺为前驱体,采用热剥离法制备了氮化碳2D纳米片.系统考察了不同前驱体及热剥离温度对氮化碳结构和光催化性能的影响.结果表明,以尿素为前驱体不经热剥离可以直...     

氮化铝粉末制备工艺的研究

本文介绍了氮化铝(AlN)陶瓷的特性,并以金属铝直接氮化法和氧化物高温碳还原氮化法为重点,阐述了AlN粉末的各种制备工艺及反应机理、主要工艺参数的影响,对各种方法的优缺点进行了评述。提出:还原法和直接氮化法是目前较成熟的方法,而气相反应法具有较好的推广应用前景。     

氮化碳晶体的研究进展

介绍了氮化碳晶体的合成与表征研究进展，分析了氮化碳晶体合成中存在的主要困难。分析表明：现有的研究结果还没有给出氮化碳晶体合成的确信证据。高温高压法的主要困难在于反应前驱体的选择与制备以及在高压过程中对热力学参数进行有效地控制；等离子体化学气相沉积中，基体原子，主要是硅原子对氮化碳晶体的合成有很大的影响，但目前缺少这方面的系统研究。反应溅射合成时需要解决的困难是在保持较低基片温度的同时如何提高反应气氛中的N原子含量，寻求高比例的sp^3c-N单键的合成条件。电化学方法利用了前驱体中的碳氮单键，能够有效地降低反应能垒和沉积温度，需要解决的问题是如何促进合成产物的晶化和减少副产物。综合运用多种合成技术如在较低的基片温度下，在氮等离子体中通过溅射含有碳氮单键的有机前驱体而引入大量的碳氮单键，控制硅原子在氮化碳晶体生长中的影响程度将是今后氮化碳晶体合成研究的有效途径。     

金属氮化物富勒烯的研究现状

内嵌金属氮化物簇富勒烯的发现极大地扩展了内嵌富勒烯家族。内嵌金属氮化物富勒烯是一类将含有金属原子的氮化物(Mx-N,AxM3-x-N)包裹在富勒烯碳笼中的化合物,因其具有独特的分子结构和性质而受到人们广泛的研究和关注。阐述了合成金属氮化物富勒烯的方法,着重介绍了电弧法,探讨了氮源对电弧法合成金属氮化物富勒烯产量的影响,介绍了金属氮化物富勒烯常用的分离提纯方法,最后讨论了金属氮化物富勒烯的结构特点、性质和潜在应用。     

Synthesis of boron carbide powder from hexagonal boron nitride

We report the synthesis of boron carbide powder via the reaction of hexagonal boron nitride with carbon black. The reaction between hexagonal boron nitride and carbon black completed at 1900 °C for 5 h in vacuum. The particle sizes of the synthesized boron carbide powder were about 100 nm from transmission electron microscopy. The possible reaction mechanism was that hexagonal boron nitride decomposed into elemental boron and nitrogen even when there was no carbon at a relatively low rate, and introduction of carbon into hexagonal boron nitride powder facilitated the decomposition process; the boron from the decomposition of boron nitride reacted with carbon to form boron carbide.     

高能微波辐照合成类石墨烯氮化碳纳米片的结构特征

以碳纤维为微波吸收剂,基于微波辐照法直接处理三聚氰胺,快速高效地合成类石墨烯结构的氮化碳纳米片。借助于场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、X射线衍射和傅里叶变换红外光谱等分析手段,对微波合成产物进行表征。结果表明:与常规热缩聚合成的石墨相氮化碳相比,高能微波技术合成产物具有明显的纳米片特征,即成功地制备得到类石墨烯结构的氮化碳纳米片。同时,与超声剥离或氧化刻蚀得到的类石墨烯氮化碳纳米片相比,高能微波技术合成产物表面光滑平整,且可发现脆性断裂的现象,呈现出一定的刚性。     

基于微波辐照合成类石墨烯氮化碳的研究进展

类石墨烯氮化碳具有与石墨烯非常相似的结构特征,已在光催化、润滑等领域表现出极优越的性能,成为二维纳米功能材料领域的新热点。本文重点介绍了基于微波辐照合成类石墨烯氮化碳的研究进展,并通过与氧化刻蚀、液相超声剥离、热聚合等传统合成方法的比较,分析了微波合成在制备效率、效果上的优势;并指出采用高功率微波设备和石墨粉、短切碳纤维等对微波具有强烈响应的微波吸收剂,通过增强能量传递与吸收效率,强化微波电磁场环境下合成反应的非稳态程度,有助于提高合成效率、效果,并获取得到特殊形态、结构的新产物。     

Synthesis of carbon nitride powder by selective etching of TiC0.3N0.7 in chlorine-containing atmosphere at moderate temperature

We reported the synthesis of carbon nitride powder by extracting titanium from single inorganic precursor TiC_0.3N_0.7 in chlorine-containing atmosphere at ambient pressure and temperature not exceeding 500 °C. The TiC_0.3N_0.7 crystalline structure acted as a template, supplying active carbon and nitrogen atoms for carbon nitride when it was destroyed in chlorination. X-ray diffraction data showed that the obtained carbon nitride powders were amorphous, which was in good agreement with transmission electron microscope analysis. The composition and structure of carbon nitride powders were analyzed by employing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results indicated that disorder structure was most likely for the carbon nitride powders and the N content depended greatly on the chlorination temperature. Thermal analysis in flowing N₂ indicated that the mass loss started from 300 °C and the complete decomposition occurred at around 650 °C, confirming the low thermal stability of the carbon nitride material.     

Conductive Carbon Nitride for Excellent Energy Storage

Conductive carbon nitride, as a hypothetical carbon material demonstrating high nitrogen doping, high electrical conductivity, and high surface area, has not been fabricated. A major challenge towards its fabrication is that high conductivity requires high temperature synthesis, but the high temperature eliminates nitrogen from carbon. Different from conventional methods, a facile preparation of conductive carbon nitride from novel thermal decomposition of nickel hydrogencyanamide in a confined space is reported. New developed nickel hydrogencyanamide is a unique precursor which provides self‐grown fragments of ?N?C?N? or N?C? C?N and conductive carbon (C‐sp²) catalyst of Ni metal during the decomposition. The final product is a tubular structure of rich mesoporous and microporous few‐layer carbon with extraordinarily high N doping level (≈15 at%) and high extent of sp² carbon (≈65%) favoring a high conductivity (>2 S cm^?1); the ultrahigh contents of nongraphitic nitrogen, redox active pyridinic N (9 at%), and pyrrolic N (5 at%), are stabilized by forming Ni? N bonds. The conductive carbon nitride harvests a large capacitance of 372 F g^?1 with >90% initial capacitance after 10 000 cycles as a supercapacitor electrode, far exceeding the activated carbon electrodes that have <250 F g^?1.     

On the possibility of dynamic synthesis of ultradispersed crystalline phases of the B-C-N system in a hyperhigh-speed plasma jet

The results have been considered of the research on the possibility of cubic boron nitride (cBN) and cubic carbon nitride (c-C₃N₄) dynamic synthesis in hyperhigh-speed pulse jet of boron-carbon electric-discharge plasma, which flows into the space with a nitrogen medium. The source of the plasma is a high-current pulse coaxial magnetoplasma accelerator with a graphite accelerating channel. The data obtained have shown the possibility to synthesize ultradispersed cubic boron nitride and covalent carbon nitride.     

New families of mesoporous materials

Abstract

Mesoporous materials have been paid much attention in both scientific researches and practical applications. In this review, we focus on recent developments on preparation and functionalization of new families of mesoporous materials, especially non-siliceous mesoporous materials invented in our research group. Replica synthesis is known as the method to synthesize mesoporous materials composed of various elements using originally prepared mesoporous replica. This strategy has been applied for the syntheses of novel mesoporous materials such as carbon nanocage and mesoporous carbon nitride. Carbon nanocage has a cage-type structure with huge surface area and pore volume, which exhibits superior capabilities for biomolecular adsorption. Mesoporous carbon nitride was synthesized, for first time, by using mixed material source of carbon and nitrogen simultaneously. As a totally new strategy for synthesis of mesoporous materials, the elemental substitution method has been recently proposed by us. Direct substitution of component elements in original mesoporous materials, with maintaining structural regularity, provided novel mesoporous materials. According to this synthetic strategy, mesoporous boron nitride and mesoporous boron carbon nitride have been successfully prepared, for first time. In addition to these material inventions, hybridization of high functional materials, such as biomaterials, to mesoporous structure has been also developed. Especially, immobilization of proteins in mesopores was systematically researched, and preparation of peptidehybridized mesoporous silica was demonstrated. These new families of mesoporous materials introduced in this review would have high potentials in future practical applications in wide ranges from electronics and photonics to environmental and medical uses.