冷喷涂Cu-Cu2O涂层防污性能研究

通过冷喷涂技术制备了4种不同Cu、Cu2O配比的Cu-Cu2O涂层,涂层组分表征实验及实海防污挂片实验结果表明:在喷涂过程中,Cu粉和Cu2O粉均没有出现大量氧化现象,涂层的主要防污组分Cu2O能够顺利制备到涂层中;在喷涂过程中Cu2O粉不能100％利用,10％ Cu2O-90％ Cu、20％ Cu2O-80％ Cu和30％ Cu2O-70％ Cu粉末制备的涂层中Cu2O实际的质量分数分别为8.35％、15.72％、22.57％;Cu2O对Cu涂层溶解的促进作用和Cu2O自身与Cl-的反应,使涂层中Cu2O含量越高,铜离子渗出率越大.20％ Cu2O-80％ Cu涂层和30％ Cu2O-70％ Cu涂层的铜离子渗出率始终保持在50 μg/(cm2·d)以上,可以抑制绝大部分海生物的附着;实际涂层样板在厦门海域分别浸泡1个月、3个月、13个月,各时段防污效果最好的始终是30％ Cu2O-70％ Cu涂层.     

几种冷/热喷涂金属涂层的防污性能研究

为克服防污涂料在恶劣工况下容易剥离的缺点,本试验通过冷喷涂和电弧喷涂技术制备了3种金属涂层。通过对涂层铜离子渗出率和硅藻抑制作用的考察,可以发现3种涂层的防污功效的强弱关系为:电弧喷涂黄铜涂层低压冷喷涂铜涂层冷喷涂铜涂层。3种涂层持续浸泡30 d后,对小舟形藻在36 h之内的抑制作用仍能保持稳定,持久性较好。     

宁波材料所在织构化防污涂层方面取得研究进展

<正>中科院宁波材料所乌学东研究团队选用有机硅改性丙烯酸酯作为涂层材料,借鉴海洋生物表皮具有的天然防污特性,在有机硅改性丙烯酸树脂固化的同时,通过模板法构筑了三种规则的织构(微/纳凸柱,凹槽和凹坑),系统测定了涂层对丝藻、新月藻和舟形藻三种海洋环境中常见藻类的防污性能,发现:表面织构化可显著提高涂层的海洋防污性能,最佳条件下对丝藻、新月藻和舟形藻附着量可依次降低92%、81%、73%,织构的形状和尺寸都与涂层的防污性能有较强相关性,微/纳     

改性碳纳米管/壳聚糖复合材料的制备及防污性能

通过控制溶液的pH,在酸性条件下制备了单层多巴胺改性的多壁碳纳米管,然后以戊二醛作为反应中间桥梁,共价接枝制备得到碳纳米管/壳聚糖复合材料。通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)和热重分析法(TGA)对复合材料的结构和性能进行表征,结果表明碳纳米管的管壁外面和管端都被均匀包覆起来,包覆层厚度在6 nm左右;采用多巴胺单层膜包覆碳纳米管,达到了减小对碳纳米管结构造成破坏同时增加表面活性基团数量的目的,使得复合材料中壳聚糖的接枝量增加到71.78%。复合材料兼具了壳聚糖和碳纳米管在抑菌性、缓释、硅藻生长抑制方面优异的性能,在对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鳗弧菌及小舟形藻、成排舟形藻的防污性能实验中,复合材料在抑菌及抑制硅藻生长方面均表现出广谱、长效的抑制性能。     

导读

正丁锐等通过冷喷涂和电弧喷涂技术制备了3种金属涂层,通过对涂层铜离子渗出率和硅藻抑制作用的考察,可以发现3种涂层的防污功效的强弱关系为:电弧喷涂黄铜涂层低压冷喷涂铜涂层冷喷涂铜涂层。3种涂层持续浸泡30d后,对小舟形藻在36h之内的抑制作用仍能保持稳定,持久性较好。周敏等采用环氧树脂与KH-550反应制成附着力促进剂,再通过溶胶-凝胶法与甲基三乙氧基硅烷(MTES)、正硅酸     

鲨鱼表皮微观形貌及防污性能研究

采用三维视频显微镜和环境扣描电镜(ESEM)观察了鲨鱼表皮的微观形貌,并测量了相关尺寸,同时结合贻贝和底栖硅藻附着试验对鲨鱼表皮防污性能进行了测试,初步探讨了鲨鱼表皮防污机理.     

LED固化环氧丙烯酸酯/聚乙烯醇双网络水凝胶海洋防污涂料的研制

采用聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚与丙烯酸反应制备了环氧丙烯酸酯（ PEGDGE-AA），然后通过 LED固化制备了 PEGDGE-AA/聚乙烯醇（ PVA）双网络水凝胶海洋防污涂层，探讨了 PEGDGE-AA与 PVA配比对防污涂层的力学性能及吸水溶胀性能的影响，并研究了防污涂层在人工海水中对硅藻生长的影响和抗硅藻附着性能。结果表明： PEGDGE-AA/PVA双网络水凝胶的拉伸强度高于 PVA单网络水凝胶，且随 PEGDGE-AA含量的增加，双网络水凝胶拉伸强度及弹性模量增加，断裂伸长率下降，吸水率下降，其中 PEGDGE-AA10PVA5双网络水凝胶的拉伸强度最高，拉伸强度在 570 kPa左右，弹性模量为 12. 7 kPa，断裂伸长率为 47. 0%。人工海水模拟实验结果证明，水凝胶涂层的存在对小新月菱型藻的生长基本无影响，但能阻碍其附着在涂层表面，所制备的 PEGDGE-AA/PVA双网络水凝胶具有较好的海洋防污能力。     

含氧化亚铜的防污涂层中铜离子的释放及其在涂层体系中的分布

研究了以氧化亚铜为防污剂的自抛光防污涂层在模拟海水浸泡过程中铜离子的释放及其在防腐/防污涂层体系中的分布规律。防污涂层在浸泡过程中Cu2O会与NaCl溶液反应生成Cu2+,并伴随着丙烯酸树脂的水解,Cu2+得到释放从而具有防污效果。浸泡一段时间后,铜离子的渗出率基本保持稳定并显著大于铜离子防污的最小渗出率。但防污面漆中的Cu2+也会渗入中间漆以及防腐底漆中,并且伴随着浸泡时间的延长,防腐底漆以及连接中间漆中的铜含量都会增加,并且与时间呈正比关系。     

菱形藻生长及运动状态对农药草甘膦原粉的毒性响应

[目的]以淡水底栖硅藻(Nitzschia amplectens Hustedt)为受试藻,研究农药草甘膦原粉对其生长和运动状态的响应。[方法]以96 h EC50值、叶绿素a含量、运动状态等指标研究草甘膦对受试藻的毒性。[结果]草甘膦对受试藻96 h EC50值为29 mg/L;草甘膦对受试藻叶绿素a含量最大抑制率63.79%;运动状态随质量浓度增长受到抑制,2~5 d最明显。[结论]评价毒物对水环境的影响,浮游和底栖两类生物都应考虑在内。受试藻叶绿素a含量对草甘膦反应敏感。受试藻的运动状态可综合指示草甘膦毒性。     

冷喷涂Cu-Cu_2O涂层防污机理研究——机理讨论

总结了冷喷涂Cu-Cu2O涂层在不同溶解氧、盐度、温度及流速海水中的铜渗出率,继续讨论涂层的防污机理。本文认为铜的腐蚀或氧化亚铜(膜)的溶解,释放出可溶性铜离子或亚铜离子,在其表面形成富含溶解态铜离子或亚铜离子的水层从而毒杀靠近的海生物,这是铜、铜合金以及以氧化亚铜为防污剂的涂料产生防污功效的原因。冷喷涂Cu-Cu2O涂层的铜渗出机制为:铜与氧化亚铜形成腐蚀微电池,其中铜作为阳极,氧化亚铜作为阴极促进铜阳极的溶解。铜的电化学溶解通过增加表面CuCl-2浓度和降低氧化亚铜附近Cl-浓度的方式抑制了氧化亚铜的溶解。由于氧化亚铜颗粒和铜表面的氧化亚铜膜结构不同,后者溶解速率大于前者,整个涂层的减薄过程由铜的腐蚀控制。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.