光子晶体多量子阱中的谱线分裂

用时域有限差分法研究了一维光子晶体多量子阱中的谱线分裂现象,揭示了光子隧穿多量子阱时谱线分裂的规律性.研究发现,谱线分裂是阱间相互耦合的结果,其特征不仅取决于势阱的个数,而且与垒区和阱区的几何参量密切相关.计算结果表明,对称多量子阱结构中,光子隧穿p个势阱时,单阱对应的每条透射谱线会分裂为p条,各分裂谱线互不交叠.这样在有限的禁带区域可以成倍增加光子束缚态,使信道密度最大化,光波有效带宽的使用最优化,有望在光通信超密集波分复用和光学精密测量中获得广泛应用.     

Growth of SiGe/Si quantum well structures by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition

First structural and electrical data are reported for SiGe/Si quantum well structures grown by a new ultra clean low temperature epitaxial deposition process at atmospheric pressure. It is found that the process suppresses the segregation of germanium, possibly by a chemical termination of the surface during the growth. Mutiple-quantum-well structures with controllable well widths and abrupt interfaces have been prepared at temperatures ranging from 550 to 650°C. Magneto-transport measurements of modulation doped quantum wells reveal hole mobilities of 2000 cm²/Vs at 4.2 K at a carrier density of 1.7^*10¹² cm⁻² and a germanium concentration of 18% in the SiGe channel. Resonant tunneling diodes grown by this technique exhibit well resolved regions of negative differential resistance within a very symmetric I-V characteristic.     

基于空间控制的ICP量子阱混杂技术

本文提出了一种针对InP/InGaAsP材料,基于空间控制技术的ICP量子阱混杂方法。同一片晶片上带隙能量的偏移程度可以通过掩膜上图形的不同占空比灵活的控制。通过一组优化的参数包括ICP-RIE刻蚀深度,二氧化硅沉积厚度,退火过程等,一个样品上,同时实现了五个不同的蓝移,其中最大的蓝移量达到75nm。结果显示在单片集成器件特别是多带隙结构器件的制作中这是一种有效的方法。     

量子阱间耦合对带结构的影响

用Matlab程序语言数值计算了多量子阱结构的能级,并研究了量子阱间耦合对其带结构的影响。多量子阱模型是在一个一维有限深势阱（阱边势垒高为 V0）中插入等高（Vb）等厚（b）的势垒方式建成,被分割而成的多量子阱厚度为w。通过增加插入壁垒的个数N、改变阱垒厚度比w/b 及势垒高度比V0/Vb,分别近似计算了对应的结构的能级及波函数。计算结果显示,量子阱间耦合受上述参数的强烈影响,改变参数N,w/b 或V0/Vb ,能带和带隙的宽度是可以被调节的。研究说明,量子阱的能带及带隙宽度达到期望值是完全有可能实现的。     

Low-Temperature photoluminescence of SiGe/Si disordered multiple quantum wells and quantum well wires

Low-temperature photoluminescence from disordered SiGe/Si quantum wells and quantum wires made from periodic quantum wells by electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching has been measured. No enhancement in luminescence is seen, compared to that in periodic quantum wells, in the disordered wells or quantum wires. New transitions are observed in the wire luminescence, including a possible no-phonon transition exhibiting a 32 meV blue shift compared to the same transition in the wells.     

High-resolution X-ray diffraction study of strained InGaAsP/InP multiple quantum well structures grown using all solid sources

This paper reports characterization of n-type strained InGaAsP/InP multiple quantum well (MQW) structures, grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), using high-resolution X-ray diffraction. It was found that well-defined periodic satellite peaks up to 20 orders and the Pendellösung fringes appeared between the satellite peaks were observable, indicating a very high crystalline quality of the MQW structures. The data extracted from the rocking curves, including position and FWHM of the zero-order peak, the angle separation between diffraction peaks and the intensity of the first-order peak, indicate that high-quality InGaAsP/InP MQW structures with controllable well width and sharp interfaces can be successfully grown using all solid sources, and the well width has no significant effect on the quality of the interfaces. These observations are in good agreement with the simulated results using dynamical X-ray theory.     

Materials characteristics of pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor structures with InxGa1−xas single quantum well and GaAs-InxGa1−xas (0.25 < x < 0.4) thin strained superlattice active layers

Growth and characterization results are presented for pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor structures with In_xGa_1-xAs single quantum well and GaAs(h ₁)In _x Ga_1−x As(h ₂) thin strained superlattice active layers where 0.25≤x ≤ 0.4. All of the samples were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Hall effect at 77 K, photoluminescence at 2 K, in-situ reflection high energy electron diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy measurements are discussed. Critical layer thickness measurements are compared with the Matthews-Blakeslee theory. Photoluminescence transition energies are compared with a self-consistent solution to Schrodinger’s and Poisson’s equations.     

Uniform intermixing of quantum wells in p-i-n modulator structures by impurity free vacancy diffusion

We present the results of an investigation of impurity free vacancy diffusion (IFVD) post-growth treatments of p-i-n modulator structures. The investigation is in two parts. We first establish that gallium vacancies (V_Ga) are produced during IFVD (by measuring the intensity of the low temperature 1.2 eV signal from Si-V_Ga complexes) in a thick Si-doped GaAs sample. The second part of this work investigates the degree of intermixing of three 80Å GaAs quantum wells embedded in the intrinsic region of a p-i-n modulator at depths between 1–2 μm from the surface. Photoluminescence studies on etched samples and cathodoluminescence showed that no significant depth dependence occurs as a result of IFVD.     

2μm InGaSb/AlGaAsSb应变量子阱激光器的MBE生长研究

摘要：对InGaSb/AlGaAsSb应变量子阱和GaSb接触层掺Te的MBE生长进行了研究。通过原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线衍射(XRD)设备、光致发光谱(PL)测试,对应变量子阱的生长参数进行了优化。量子阱室温PL测试,发光波长为1.98 μm,半峰宽为115nm。通过Hall测试优化了GaSb外延掺Te的生长参数,最优的掺杂浓度为1.1271018 cm-3,电阻率为5.29510-3Ω?cm。     

Molecular beam epitaxy growth of InGaSb/AlGaAsSb strained quantum well diode lasers

2μm InGaSb/AlGaAsSb strained quantum wells and a tellurium-doped GaSb buffer layer were grown by molecular beam epitaxy（MBE）.The growth parameters of strained quantum wells were optimized by AFM, XRD and PL at 77 K.The optimal growth temperature of quantum wells is 440℃.The PL peak wavelength of quantum wells at 300 K is 1.98μm,and the FWHM is 115 nm.Tellurium-doped GaSb buffer layers were optimized by Hall measurement.The optimal doping concentration is 1.127×10¹⁸ cm^-3 and the resistivity is 5.295×10^-3Ω·cm.     

台阶量子阱的结构和电场对Rashba自旋分裂的影响

Spin splitting of conduction subbands in Al0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As step quantum wells induced by interface and electric field related Rashba effects is investigated theoretically by the method of finite difference.The dependence of the spin splitting on the electric field and the well structure,which is controlled by the well width and the step width,is investigated in detail.Without an external electric field,the spin splitting is induced by an interface related Rashba term due to the built-in structure inversion asymmetry.Applying the external electric field to the step QW,the Rashba effect can be enhanced or weakened,depending on the well structure as well as the direction and the magnitude of the electric field.The spin splitting is mainly controlled by the interface related Rashba term under a negative and a stronger positive electric field,and the contribution of the electric field related Rashba term dominates in a small range of a weaker positive electric field.A method to determine the interface parameter is proposed.The results show that the step QWs might be used as spin switches.     

The effect of external stress on the properties of AlGaAs/GaAs single quantum well laser diodes

The change of spectrum of the AlGaAs/GaAs single quantum well laser diode is measured under the application of uniform uniaxial in-plane tensile and compressive stress. In the range of the tensile stress we apply (up to 597 MPa), the wavelength increases linearly at a rate of 5.3 nm GPa⁻¹. The energy band gap decreases with the tensile stress with the slope of −10 meV GPa⁻¹, which is close to the theoretical change of the heavy hole band edge with respect to the conduction band edge. There is a shorter wavelength peak existing on the spectrum as the tensile stress increases, suggesting a transition from the conduction band to a higher energy valence band. For the compressive stress (up to −516 MPa), the wavelength decreases with the stress, but it shows an abrupt reduction from −162 to −200 MPa. The threshold current also varies as a result of the change of the energy band structure.     

Effect of a step quantum well structure and an electric-field on the Rashba spin splitting

Spin splitting of conduction subbands in Al0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs/Al0.3Gaa7As step quantum wells induced by interface and electric field related Rashba effects is investigated theoretically by the method of finite difference. The dependence of the spin splitting on the electric field and the well structure, which is controlled by the well width and the step width, is investigated in detail. Without an external electric field, the spin splitting is induced by an in terface related Rashba term due to the built-in structure inversion asymmetry. Applying the external electric field to the step QW, the Rashba effect can be enhanced or weakened, depending on the well structure as well as the direction and the magnitude of the electric field. The spin splitting is mainly controlled by the interface related Rashba term under a negative and a stronger positive electric field, and the contribution of the electric field related Rashba term dominates in a small range of a weaker positive electric field. A method to determine the interface parameter is proposed. The results show that the step QWs might be used as spin switches.     

Calculation of valence band structures of InAs/GaAs quantum ring and quantum dot:using numerical Fourier transform method

This article puts forward a new method in calculating the band structures of low-dimensional semiconductor structures.In this study,the valence band structures of InAs/GaAs quantum ring and lens-shaped quantum dot are calculated with four-band model,in the framework of effective-mass envelope function theory.To determine the Hamiltonian matrix elements,this article develops the numerical Fourier transform method instead of the widely used analytical integral method.The valence band mixing is considered.The ...     

Optical properties of strained layer (111)B Al0.15Ga0.85As-In0.04Ga0.96as quantum well heterostructures

Data presented here demonstrate that strained-layer (111)B Al_0.15Ga_0.85As-In_0.04Ga_0.96As quantum wells exhibit unique optical properties when compared to otherwise identical (100) oriented strained layers. Photoluminescence measurements identify a strain-induced electric field of order 6.7 Vμm^-1 within the (111)B quantum well that is not present for the (100) case. Photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy measurements show that the heavy-hole to light-hole energy band splitting is approximately 7 meV larger for the (111)B structure than for the (100) structure. Howard Hughes Doctoral Fellow IBM Graduate Fellow     

基于带隙影响的量子阱红外探测器带宽的研究

量子阱红外探测器(QWIP)受到压强、掺杂浓度、温度等多种因素的影响,主要从温度对带隙影响方面进行了研究.以QWIP中的能级公式和能级间的电子跃迁为基础,首先通过GaAs和AlGaAs两种材料的带隙与温度的关系式,得到ΔEg随温度的变化情况;接着利用吸收波长的公式计算出三种跃迁下的吸收波长与温度的关系;最后结合光电流谱...     

单量子阱激光器小信号调制时的啁啾噪声

量子阱激光器具有良好的小信号调制频率响应 ,能作为高速光通信光源采用直接调制方式进行信号传输。与普通半导体激光器一样 ,直接调制将引起啁啾 ,从而影响光纤通信系统的性能。文中对小信号调制下单量子阱激光器的啁啾特性进行了研究和分析。得出了啁啾幅度和啁啾相位与调制频率的关系。对考虑与不考虑啁啾两种情况下 ,光脉冲在常规光纤中传输时的色散特性进行了模拟分析 ,发现了啁啾对系统的高阶色散有较大影响     

Photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy of InAs0.67P0.33/InP strained single quantum wells

The optical emission characteristics of biaxially compressed InAs _x P_{1− x} /InP strained single quantum well (QW) structures, with nominal compositionx=0.67, have been investigated using photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectroscopies. The highly strained QWs exhibit intense and narrow PL in the 0.9–1.5 μm wavelength range, similar to the lattice-matched InGaAs(P)/InP system. The 20 K PLE spectra exhibit well-resolved features attributed ton=1 heavy hole (E1H1) and light hole (E1L1) transitions in the 1.0–1.5 μm wavelength range. In addition, features attributed to transitions betweenn=2 electrons and heavy holes (E2H2), and betweenn=1 electrons and unconfined holes (E1Hf), were observed. The energy splitting between the heavy-hole and light-hole bands was found to be a sensitive measure of the band offsets in the system. The best prediction of this splitting was obtained for a valence band offset of δE _V ∼0.25δE _G . This value of band offset was in agreement with the energy position of the E1Hf transition. The observed transition energies were also compared with the results of a finite square well model, taking into account the effects of strain, and the results offer further support for the band offset assignment. This study indicates that the InAsP system may be advantageous for application in strained-layer optoelectronic devices operating in the 1.3–1.6 μm wavelength range.     

应变补偿多量子阱价带结构Kohn-Luttinger Hamiltonian方程的能量表象求解方法

本文提出一种多阱能量表象方法用来分析应变补偿多量子阱的价带结构。这一方法是把应变补偿多量子阱的价带Γ点ｚ方向重轻空穴的能量本征函数作为基矢量建立能量表象,把非Γ点的重轻空穴的能量本征函数按这些基矢量进行傅里叶级数展开,带入Ｋｏｈｎ－Ｌｕｔｔｉｎｇｅｒ Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎｉａｎ（ＫＬＭ）方程中得到相应的能量特征矩阵,进而得到其非Γ点的重轻空穴的能量本征值和相应的本征矢。与ｋ．ｐ方法相比,这一方法的优点     

Stability and interface abruptness of InxGa1−xN/InyGa1−yN multiple quantum well structures grown by OMVPE

The abruptness of hetero-interfaces in InGaN multiple quantum well structures is shown to degrade when a high temperature growth follows growth of the multiple quantum well (MQW) region, as is generally required for the growth of full device structures. We have analyzed MQW samples both with and without high temperature GaN “cap” layers, using x-ray diffraction (XRD), grazing incidence x-ray reflection (GIXR), and photoluminescence. While all of these techniques indicate a degradation of the MQW structure when it is followed by growth at high temperature, GIXR is shown to be especially sensitive to changes of heterointerface abruptness. GIXR measurements indicate that the heterojunctions are less abrupt in samples that have high temperature cap layers, as compared to samples with no cap layer. Furthermore, the degree of roughening is found to increase with the duration of growth of the high temperature cap layer. The degradation of the heterointerfaces is also accompanied by a reduction in the intensity of satellite peaks in the x-ray diffraction spectrum.