小冲孔能量法评价Q345R的屈服强度

小冲孔试验技术(SPT)是测量在役构件材料力学性能的新方法。文章介绍了基于弹性能量理论预测材料屈服强度的小冲孔能量法,并对试验原理及步骤进行了详细阐述。在验证试验重复性的基础上,对Q345R进行小冲孔能量法试验,并与常规拉伸试验、小冲孔偏移法和双斜率法的结果进行对比。结果表明,能量法测试Q345R屈服强度的误差为5.52%,远小于双斜率法和偏移法试验结果的误差。在此基础上,根据有限元模拟,结合载荷-位移(L-D)曲线与能量-位移(E-D)曲线,分析了试样厚度、压球直径、下模孔径、冲压速度以及试样边缘减薄等因素对小冲孔能量法结果的影响。得出试样厚度0.5mm、压球直径2.4mm、下模孔径4mm为最佳几何尺寸搭配。     

Correlation Between Shear Punch and Tensile Strength for Low-Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel Sheets

The deformation behavior of AISI 1015 low-carbon steel, and AISI 304 stainless steel sheets was investigated by uniaxial tension and the shear punch test (SPT). Both materials were cold rolled to an 80% thickness reduction and subsequently annealed in the temperature range 25-850 °C to produce a wide range of yield and ultimate strength levels. The correlations between shear punch and tensile yield and ultimate stresses were established empirically. Different linear relationships having different slopes and intercepts were found for the low-carbon and stainless steel sheets, and the possible parameters affecting the correlation were discussed. It was shown that, within limits, yield and tensile strength of thin steel sheets can be predicted from the shear data obtained by the easy-to-perform SPT.     

基于小冲杆试验的TC4氢脆行为和机理研究

Ti-6Al-4V合金(TC4)广泛应用于海洋和航空领域,其恶劣的使用环境容易引发氢脆(HE)失效而使得TC4的机械性能退化,导致突然的灾难性断裂。为了研究TC4合金的氢脆行为和机理,首先采用小冲孔试验(SPT)测试了TC4合金在不同充氢时间下的力学性能。然后利用原子力显微镜(AFM)和X射线衍射(XRD)技术对TC4合金在不同充氢时间下的氢分布和相转变进行了详细的研究。小冲杆试验（SPT）拟合数据显示,随着充氢时间的增加,TC4合金的强度和伸长率均发生明显的劣化,同时其宏观断口形态由韧性向脆性转变。与此同时,研究还证明了电解充氢后氢化物的生成是导致TC4合金氢脆现象产生的主要原因。本文的研究结果为在役TC4设备的氢脆性能检测提供了一种有效、简便的方法。     

小冲杆测试材料屈服载荷的有限元分析

文章通过ABAQUS有限元分析软件模拟小冲杆试验过程,重点分析2.25Cr1Mo、16MnR、20#、1.25Cr0.5Mo4种材料的小冲杆屈服载荷。试验结果表明,有限元模拟得到的材料屈服载荷与常规拉伸试验所得出的屈服强度存在显著的线性关系,并具有相当高的相关系数。为最终通过小冲杆试验评价材料的屈服强度提供了一条新的思路。     

用微型杯突试验法评价和估算钢的强度和塑性

采用一种新型在线无损检测的试验方法--微型杯突试验法研究电站锅炉管道用9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb-N钢的强度和塑性.结果表明:该试验方法与常规的单轴拉伸试验之间有很好的可比性,并且通过微型杯突试验的结果估算9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb-N钢的屈服强度与抗拉强度及伸长率,给出相应的经验公式.同时在采用微型杯突试验法估算9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb-N钢的塑性时,首次提出断裂挠度率的概念.     

带环形裂纹的微试样小冲杆试验法测试材料断裂韧性探讨

火电、核电、石油化工行业中有大量的在役压力容器、管道和构件,准确评价在役设备材料的脆化和结构完整性,对于保证装置的安全运行具有重要意义。为适应这一需求,小冲杆测试技术得到了发展,但对小冲杆试样评估在役容器材料的断裂韧性时,仍然只是依靠经验方法和标准的断裂韧性值进行关联,缺乏理论依据。该文提出了在小冲杆试样上开一环形裂纹,以反映裂纹体的断裂韧性测试要求。     

Shear behavior of AZ80 Mg alloy using experimental,theoretical and numerical techniques

The shear punch test (SPT) is a suitable experiment for characterizing the shear behavior of various materials, especially where there are volume limitations. In the present investigation, the relations among various parameters such as clearance, die diameter and sample thickness, and the yield and ultimate shear strengths of AZ80 Mg alloy were studied. Moreover, based on the Mohr?Coulomb theory, relatively optimum conditions were introduced for the shear punch test. With this regard, a range of 2%?10% is found to be suitable for the clearance/sheet thickness ratio. To provide a simple shear stress state during a shear punch test, it is also necessary to select the die diameter/sheet thickness ratio between 2:1 and 10:1. Based on the predictions of the Mohr?Coulomb theory, it is better to conduct a room-temperature shear punch test with a sample thickness of 0.5 mm, a clearance of 25 µm and a die diameter of 2 mm. Finally, the mean conversion factors to gain the tensile and compressive yield strengths of the cast AZ80 from its shear one are found to be 1.70 and 3.09, respectively.     

微型杯突试验法在超高强度铝合金中的应用

采用一种新型在线无损检测试验方法-微型杯突试验法测定超高强度铝合金7150-T7751的抗拉强度,并分析加载速率和试样厚度对试验结果的影响。结果表明,超高强度铝合金7150-T7751微型杯突试验的最大载荷与常规单轴拉伸试验抗拉强度之间具有良好的线性关系;最佳加载速率为0.33 mm/min;最佳试样厚度纵向为0.6 mm,横向为0.8 mm。     

基于小冲杆试验的固体氧化物燃料电池钎焊密封接头蠕变损伤演化规律

如何获得钎焊接头三明治微结构的蠕变力学性能一直以来是一个难题. 文中基于Wen-Tu蠕变延性耗竭模型开发了钎焊接头蠕变损伤子程序,利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了与SOFC密封接头相类似的钎焊接头小冲杆模型;采用试验与有限元相结合的方法研究了以304不锈钢为母材的SOFC钎焊接头蠕变损伤特性,得到了不同载荷下钎焊接头试样中心蠕变挠度变化率和蠕变应变变化率之间关系,阐明了钎焊接头在小冲杆蠕变试验条件下的蠕变损伤及裂纹扩展规律. 结果表明,适当的增加钎料的厚度有利于提高钎焊接头的抗蠕变变形能力,延长高温蠕变断裂寿命,且钎焊接头在多轴应力作用下主要断裂方式为脆性断裂. 初始裂纹最早在母材下表面萌生,距试样中心0.85 mm处,随后向上扩展至钎料层下表面,然后在钎料层上表面出现裂纹逐渐向母材上表面与钎料层下表面扩展,直至断裂.     

机械外载下新能源汽车高压线束失效风险试验研究

新能源汽车的普及和发展急需解决电池系统的碰撞安全问题。文中选取动力电池系统的典型碰撞失效工况,设计了高压线束剪切和穿刺试验装置,使用万能试验机进行不同速度的加载和失效载荷测量,使用数字图像相关法(DIC,Digital Image Correlation)测量线束变形及失效位移,获得了高压线束在不同载荷工况下的力学特性和失效行为。研究结果表明:电池高压线束的失效特性与载荷工况、加载速度及加载接触面积高度相关。剪切试验中随着加载速度的增大,失效载荷也不断增大;穿刺试验失效载荷随着冲头直径增大而显著增加。     

6063铝合金焊接接头及部件大变形力学行为研究

本实验重点针对一类铝镁合金6063板件研究了熔化焊接头的不均匀大变形力学行为.利用微冲压试验结合有限元反向迭代计算对焊接接头中从焊缝到母材的不均匀力学性能进行了表征,获得不同微区内材料真应力应变关系.分析了焊接接头不均匀大变形演化规律.在此基础上对该类铝合金薄壁管件的轴向压缩行为进行试验和数值计算,讨论了结构参数、载荷条件等对焊接结构变形和断裂行为的影响.建立了接头的有限元计算模型.     

Small Punch Test of U-Shaped Notch of TC4 Titanium Alloy and Its Numerical Simulation

In order to investigate the mechanical properties of small TC4 titanium alloy specimens under high stress state, a U-shape notched small punch test and its corresponding simulation were carried out. Meanwhile, the influence of the friction coefficient, specimen thickness, the diameter of the hole, and the punch rate on the calculated results were also discussed. The results showed that upon increasing the specimen thickness and punch rate, the peak load obtained by calculations increased as well. The void volume fraction and stress triaxiality along path 2 decreased at first and then increased. However, the void volume fraction and stress triaxiality along path 1 lowered. Research showed that the U-shape notched small punch test was an effective way to test the performance of the small specimen under a high stress state.     

EVALUATION OF EMBRITTLEMENT BEHAVIOR DUE TO SENSITIZATION IN A CRYOGENIC AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL BY MEANS OF SMALL PUNCH AND FRACTURE TOUGHNESS TESTS

1.IntroductionStructuralmaterialsusedinlargesuperc0nductingmagnetsystemsforfuturefusionpowerreactorsarerequlredtopossesshighstrengthandfracturet0ughnessatcryogenicservicetemperatures.Theload-bearingparts0fthislargesystemarec0nstructedofheavyplatesandweldingisrequiredintheirfabrication.JN1austeniticstainlesssteelhasbeendevel0pedasoneofthecandidatecryogenicstructuralmaterials[l'2I.Althoughfullys0lu-tiontreated,JN1materialhasg00dcombinationofstrengthandtoughness,alth0ughitmaybeembrittledduet0be…     

Overview of Small Punch Test

Metals and Materials International - Small Punch Test (SPT) is an evolving small specimen test technique which has the potential to extract the mechanical properties from small volume specimens....     

Deep drawing of square cups with magnesium alloy AZ31 sheets

The square cup drawing of magnesium alloy AZ31 (aluminum 3%, zinc 1%) sheets was studied by both the experimental approach and the finite element analysis. The mechanical properties of AZ31 sheets at various forming temperatures were first obtained from the tensile tests and the forming limit tests. The test results indicate that AZ31 sheets exhibit poor formability at room temperature, but the formability could be improved significantly at elevated temperatures up to 200 °C. The test results were then employed in the finite element simulations to investigate the effects of process parameters, such as punch and die corner radii, and forming temperature, on the formability of square cup drawing with AZ31 sheets. In order to validate the finite element analysis, the deep drawing of square cups of AZ31 sheets at elevated temperatures was also performed. The experimental data show a good agreement with the simulation results, and the optimal forming temperature, punch radius and die corner radius were then determined for the square cup drawing of AZ31 sheets.     

等通道侧向挤压和板材挤压法制备细晶ZK60镁合金板材的热剪切变形本构分析（英文）

采用不同道次等通道侧向挤压(DECLE)和板材挤压成形发制备细晶ZK60合金板材。经过3和5道次DECLE和后续挤压后,退火样品中的粗大晶粒(68μm)分别变为6.0μm和5.2μm的细小晶粒。基于冲孔剪切实验(SPT)结果建立本构方程,研究合金的热剪切变形行为。SPT的温度范围为200～300℃,应变率范围为0.003～0.33 s^-1。计算结果表明,所有条件下制备的样品的活化能为125～139 k J/mol,应力指数为3.5～4.2,表明主要的热变形机制是位错蠕变,由位错攀移和溶质拖曳机制控制。材料常数n和Q取决于晶粒尺寸,第二相颗粒比例等微观结构因素,通过三维曲面曲线预测了二者的关系。此外,挤压后的ZK60板材具有相似的强基面织构,因此,合金在SPT过程中具有相同的变形机制与相近的n和Q值。     

Joining of high strength steel and aluminium alloy sheets by mechanical clinching with dies for control of metal flow

High strength steel and aluminium alloy sheets were joined by mechanical clinching with dies for control of metal flow. Since the sheets undergo plastic deformation for the joining during the mechanical clinching, the high strength steel sheets tend to fracture due to the small ductility. For the upper high strength steel sheet, fracture was caused by the concentration of deformation around the corner of the punch, and cracks were caused by the tensile stress generated in the bulged bottom into the groove of the die for the lower high strength steel sheet. To prevent these defects, metal flow of the sheets was controlled by optimising a shape of the die. For the upper high strength steel sheets, the depth of the die was decreased to prevent the concentration of deformation around the corner of the punch. On the other hand, the groove of the die was eliminated to reduce the tensile stress for the lower high strength steel sheets. The sheets below SPFC780 and SPFC980 were successively joined with the aluminium alloy sheet for the upper and lower high strength steel sheets, respectively.     

铝合金焊接接头的力学性能测试

采用穿孔剪切法对材料局部力学性能进行了研究,提出了利用穿孔剪切试验获得材料拉伸力学性能的基本方法,并采用穿孔剪切法对车用铝合金材料A16063及其焊接接头的力学性能进行了测试,得出了离焊缝中心线不同距离的抗拉强度,屈服强度和加工硬化指数的关系.试验表明,穿孔剪切试验可以准确的表征力学性能不均匀焊接接头的各微区性能参数和本构关系,可为铝合金汽车焊接构件的碰撞模拟提供接头变形及失效数据.     

铝合金复杂曲面薄壁罩体充液拉深失稳控制技术

以某典型铝合金复杂曲面薄壁罩体为研究对象,采用数值模拟与工艺试验相结合的方法分析了凸模初始反胀位置与液室压力对成形失稳的影响规律,优化了成形工艺参数。结果表明,当凸模初始反胀位置低于凹模型面时,凸模进入凹模时悬空区板料没有液室压力的作用,悬空区板料处于一拉一压的应力状态,悬空区容易起皱;当凸模初始反胀位置在凹模型面上方时,凸模进入凹模时悬空区板料已经受到液室压力的作用,处于双向拉应力状态,因此可以抑制悬空区起皱;当液室压力较高时,悬空区板料承受较大的拉应力容易破裂。合理控制凸模初始反胀位置与液室压力可以消除悬空区起皱与破裂。     

Microstructures,Forming Limit and Failure Analyses of Inconel 718 Sheets for Fabrication of Aerospace Components

Recently, aerospace industries have shown increasing interest in forming limits of Inconel 718 sheet metals, which can be utilised in designing tools and selection of process parameters for successful fabrication of components. In the present work, stress-strain response with failure strains was evaluated by uniaxial tensile tests in different orientations, and two-stage work-hardening behavior was observed. In spite of highly preferred texture, tensile properties showed minor variations in different orientations due to the random distribution of nanoprecipitates. The forming limit strains were evaluated by deforming specimens in seven different strain paths using limiting dome height (LDH) test facility. Mostly, the specimens failed without prior indication of localized necking. Thus, fracture forming limit diagram (FFLD) was evaluated, and bending correction was imposed due to the use of sub-size hemispherical punch. The failure strains of FFLD were converted into major-minor stress space (σ-FFLD) and effective plastic strain-stress triaxiality space (ηEPS-FFLD) as failure criteria to avoid the strain path dependence. Moreover, FE model was developed, and the LDH, strain distribution and failure location were predicted successfully using above-mentioned failure criteria with two stages of work hardening. Fractographs were correlated with the fracture behavior and formability of sheet metal.