载重汽车销轴表面改性及其摩擦磨损性能的研究

在载重汽车销轴基材40Cr钢表面制备Ni-WC纳米复合镀层,实现表面改性,以期提高销轴表面的摩擦磨损性能。观察并分析了纳米复合镀层的表面形貌和微观结构,检测了纳米复合镀层的结合强度、硬度及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:纳米复合镀层表面较平整、结构致密,与基材结合牢固,其硬度平均值为6 081MPa,约为基材的1.3倍;其平均摩擦因数约为0.35,磨损失重约为1.83mg,均比基材的低。低孔隙率、致密结构和高硬度,使纳米复合镀层具有良好的摩擦磨损性能。     

Q235B钢表面自润滑复合镀层的制备与性能

在Q235B钢表面制备了Ni-PTFE自润滑复合镀层。研究了工艺参数对镀层中PTFE的质量分数的影响。在此基础上,探索了镀层中PTFE的质量分数与镀层摩擦因数的关系,并讨论了PTFE的质量分数对镀层表面机械混合膜形成的影响,以及机械混合膜的作用机制。结果表明:当镀层中PTFE的质量分数较低时,难以形成连续的机械混合膜,故镀层的摩擦因数较高;当镀层中PTFE的质量分数较高时,可以形成很薄且连续的机械混合膜,有效地降低了镀层的摩擦因数。     

汽车活塞环表面电镀Ni-SiC复合镀层

因所处的工作环境较严酷而造成的异常磨损,已经成为汽车活塞环的主要失效形式。为了增强活塞环的耐磨性进而延长其使用寿命,在其表面电镀Ni-SiC复合镀层。结果表明:电镀活塞环表面较平整,显微结构致密;磨损失重量仅为5.8mg,比未镀活塞环的降低近33%,表现出较好的耐磨性;并且经适度热处理后,耐磨性有所增强。复合镀层起到表面改性作用,是电镀活塞环耐磨性增强的主要原因所在。     

Ni-Fe-PTFE复合镀层的制备及表征

在低碳钢表面电沉积Ni-Fe-PTFE复合镀层。研究了PTFE的质量浓度对Ni-Fe-PTFE复合镀层的表面形貌、显微硬度、耐蚀性及摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明:随着PTFE的质量浓度的增加,Ni-Fe-PTFE复合镀层的摩擦因数先减小后增大,自腐蚀电位先正移后向负移;当PTFE的质量浓度为9g/L时,Ni-Fe-PTFE复合镀层的摩擦因数最小,耐蚀性最好,显微硬度也最低。     

电流密度对Ni-Fe合金镀层形貌及耐磨性的影响

采用电沉积方法在钢基体表面制备Ni-Fe合金镀层。讨论了电流密度对镀层形貌及耐磨性的影响。结果表明:当电流密度为7A/dm~2时,镀层表面均匀、细致,显微硬度高,具有较小的摩擦因数。     

活化时间对化学镀Ni-P-Al_2O_3镀层组织及性能的影响

采用化学镀方法在45#钢基体上制备了Ni-P-Al_2O_3镀层,并研究了活化时间对镀层的组织结构、硬度、摩擦因数及耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:当活化时间由40s延长至120s时,镀层的表面组织都由胞状颗粒组成,组织变化由非均匀致密→均匀致密→不均匀致密。当活化时间为80s时,镀层的组织最均匀致密,由Ni-P-Al_2O_3非晶胞构成,XRD图谱上没出现基体Fe的衍射峰,说明镀层较厚,完全覆盖基体。镀层的硬度、摩擦因数、耐蚀性均随活化时间的延长先增后减,活化时间为80s时制备的镀层硬度最高、摩擦因数最小、耐蚀性最好。     

电沉积制备梯度纳米结构铜镀层及其摩擦学行为

先通过测量铜电沉积的阴极极化曲线得到电镀铜的适宜电流密度，再在不同电流密度下电沉积不同时间，得到总厚度为40μm的梯度纳米结构(GNS)铜镀层。通过循环摩擦磨损试验研究了GNS铜镀层在室温干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损行为。结果表明，GNS铜镀层呈现两个不同的摩擦磨损阶段。在第一稳态阶段，铜镀层亚表层结构稳定，为形成完整的Cu₂O薄膜提供了保障，磨损机制以氧化磨损为主，摩擦因数约为0.20，磨损率为2.53×10^-6 mm³/(N·m)；在第二稳态阶段，铜镀层表面的亚表层结构变得粗大并产生裂纹，Cu₂O薄膜发生脱落和破损，磨损机制转变为疲劳磨损，摩擦因数和磨损率都增大。     

铁粉含量对聚甲醛/铁粉复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用环块磨损试验机,研究了铁粉含量、载荷、对磨时间以及转速对聚甲醛（POM）/Fe粉复合材料摩擦因数和磨损质量的影响。结果表明,载荷200 N,转速200 r/min的测试条件下,随着Fe粉含量的增加,摩擦因数和磨损质量都呈现先降低后升高的趋势。Fe粉含量4 份时摩擦因数在从纯POM的0.13下降到0.098,试样磨损质量比纯POM降低约50%;在不同的载荷情况下,Fe粉含量4份时的摩擦因数始终最低。     

Fe粉含量对聚甲醛/铁粉复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用环块磨损试验机，研究了铁粉含量、载荷、对磨时间以及转速对聚甲醛（POM）/Fe粉复合材料摩擦因数和磨损质量的影响。结果表明，载荷200 N,转速200 r/min的测试条件下，随着Fe粉含量的增加,摩擦因数和磨损质量都呈现先降低后升高的趋势。Fe粉含量4 份时摩擦因数在从纯POM的0.13下降到0.098，试样磨损质量比纯POM降低约50%；在不同的载荷情况下，Fe粉含量4份时的摩擦因数始终最低。     

Ni-P-PTFE自润滑镀层的耐磨性能及其增强机理研究

采用化学复合镀技术将纳米聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)微粒沉积到化学镀Ni-P镀层中。扫描电镜(SEM)表明:镀层内PTFE微粒分散均匀,与Ni-P镀层结合紧密。摩擦磨损实验表明:在100N作用下,Ni-P-PTFE镀层的摩擦因数约为0.03,具有良好的摩擦学性能。热处理后的摩擦磨损实验表明:经热处理后,镀层仍具有较低的摩擦因数和良好的耐磨性能。     

PPESK耐高温自润滑耐磨涂料的研制

含二氮杂萘酮联苯结构的聚芳醚砜酮(PPESK)是一种具有优异耐热性能的可溶性聚芳醚树脂,综合性能优异,具有很好的应用前景。以PPESK为基料,加入适量聚四氟乙烯、碳化硅为填料,制备了一种具有耐高温、自润滑性能的耐磨涂料。研究了不同添加剂、不同负载对磨损失量的影响。结果显示,PPESK耐磨涂料在1 250 N负载、10 000 r/min时的磨损失质量为0.012 1 g,摩擦系数为Us=0.196、Ud=0.146,铅笔硬度大于5H,是一种性能优异的工业耐磨涂料。     

The Friction and Wear Behaviors of Vegetable Oil-Based Waxes,Natural Beeswax,and Petroleum Paraffin Wax

Quantitative analyses on the coefficient of friction of common coating waxes are necessary and essential for designing systems for coating, conveying, packaging operations, transporting, and storing of papers and paperboards, while analyses on wear behavior can be helpful for predicting performance durability of the coating surface. In this study, we investigated the friction and wear behaviors of six waxes including four commercial waxes and two soybean oil-based wax developed in our lab for bulk corrugated coating. The effect of normal load, sliding velocity, and environmental temperature was evaluated. The friction coefficient of different waxes varies with sliding conditions. Higher normal load, sliding velocity, and environmental temperature resulted in significantly greater wear loss. Crystalline morphology and crystallinity of waxes were affected by the environmental temperature, and they correlate to the variations in friction coefficient and wear loss of these materials.     

碳纤维增强PEEK复合材料的摩擦学性能研究

用磨损试验机对碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮（PEEK）复合材料进行室温干滑动磨损试验。考察了碳纤维的含量，石墨润滑剂，对靡时间及载荷对材料靡损量及摩擦系数的影响，并用电子显微镜对其磨损表面进行了观察与分析，同时对材料的磨损机理进行了探讨，研究结果表明，随着载荷的升高和对磨时间的延长，材料的摩擦系数逐渐降低并趋于稳定，磨损量呈上升趋势，加入碳纤维可以明显地降低材料的摩擦系数和磨损量，当碳纤维含量为5％－10％时复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损量最低；加入适量固体石墨可进一步降低复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损量。     

Wear behavior of plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite bioceramic coating in simulated body fluid

To investigate the wear behavior of bioceramic coating, two-body abrasive wear of air-plasma sprayed (APS) hydroxyapatite (HA) coating was studied in different conditions including: i) in simulated body fluid (SBF) and in dry conditions, and ii) sliding on Al₂O₃ abrasive paper, HA, polycarbonate (PC) and polyurethane (PU), as well as iii) on different applied loads. Cross-sectional microstructures and worn surface morphologies of the coating were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Phase constitutions were analyzed by X-Ray diffraction (XRD). Microhardness, elastic modulus, fracture toughness and bond strength of the coating were investigated. It was revealed that, under the load of 20?N and sling on different counterpart materials, the wear rates of the coating varied from 24.09?×?10^?2to 0.25?×?10^?2 mg/Nm in SBF and varied from 13.54?×?10^?2 to 0.05?×?10^?2 mg/Nm in dry condition, respectively. The accumulated weight loss of the coating sliding on HA in SBF increased from 3.1 to 7.9?mg as the applied load increased from 5?N to 20?N. As sliding on Al₂O₃ in dry condition and/or under high load, the abrasive wear of the coating dominantly occurred in the form of ploughing and peeling off of splats. As sliding on PC, PU and HA in SBF, the adhesive wear of the coating mainly occurred in the form of exfoliation.     

粘结剂对超音速火焰喷涂碳化钨涂层磨粒磨损性能的影响

采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)工艺在35钢基体上制备了WC-10Ni涂层和WC-12Co涂层,研究了镍、钴这两种粘结剂对WC涂层的显微硬度、摩擦系数和抗磨粒磨损性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜观察涂层磨损前后的表面形貌,探讨了WC涂层的磨粒磨损机理。结果表明,以HVOF方法制备的2种WC涂层均有较高的显微硬度,WC-10Ni涂层和WC-12Co涂层与SiC砂纸摩擦副之间的干摩擦系数相差不大。2种涂层在低载荷下均有较好的抗磨粒磨损性能,但在较高载荷下WC-12Co涂层的抗磨性明显优于WC-10Ni涂层。2种涂层的磨粒磨损形式主要为均匀磨耗磨损,磨损机理以微切削和微剥落为主。WC-12Co涂层的磨损表面损伤较轻微,综合性能优于WC-10Ni涂层。     

Characterization of thick and soft DLC coatings deposited on plasma nitrided austenitic stainless steel

Thick and soft a-C:H:Si coatings containing more than 45% hydrogen (thickness: 25–27 μm, hardness: 6 GPa, Young's Modulus 38 GPa and low ratio of sp³ bonds) were deposited by PACVD with a DC pulsed discharge on nitrided (duplex sample) and non-nitrided austenitic stainless steel (coated sample). After deposition, the chemical, microstructural and tribological properties were studied. Finally, the adhesion and the atmospheric corrosion resistance of a-C:H:Si coatings were also investigated.In pin-on-disk tests, the friction coefficient using an alumina pin of 6 mm in diameter as counterpart, under 0.59 GPa Hertzian pressure was 0.05 for the coated samples and 0.076 for the duplex samples. These values were more than one order of magnitude smaller than the friction coefficient of the nitrided sample without coating, which was around 0.65. In the coated samples, the wear loss could not be measured. In ball-on-disk tests under dry sliding conditions, the coatings were tested under different Hertzian pressures (1.29, 1.44 and 1.57 GPa) using a steel ball with a diameter of 1.5 mm as counterpart. Using a normal load of 9 N, the a-C:H:Si coating of the coated samples was broken and detached thus leading to a coefficient of friction of around 0.429. However, in contrast to that, the friction coefficient of the duplex samples remained stable and reached as maximum a value of 0.208.In abrasive tests, mass loss was undetectable in both duplex and coated samples. Furthermore it could be seen that the a-C:H:Si film showed only some smaller grooves and no severe damage or deformation. On the contrary, severe damage was observed in the only nitrided sample. With respect to adhesion, the critical load to break the coating was higher in the duplex sample (27 N) than in the only coated sample (16.3 N). By chemical analysis using the salt spray fog test, the duplex sample remained clean, but the coated sample failed and presented film delamination as well as general corrosion.     

芳纶浆粕增强丁腈橡胶复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

利用开炼机制备了丁腈橡胶(NBR)/芳纶浆粕(PPTA-pulp)复合材料。研究了在干摩擦和水润滑条件下,纤维含量、摩擦时间以及载荷对NBR/PPTA-pulp复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,并分析了磨损机理。结果表明,芳纶浆粕的加入能够很好地改善复合材料的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能,在相同条件下,当纤维质量分数为20%时,复合材料的综合性能最佳;在干摩擦条件下,随着摩擦时间延长,复合材料的摩擦系数下降,磨耗量增大;随着载荷增加,摩擦系数和磨耗量增大;水润滑条件下,复合材料的摩擦系数和磨耗量较干摩擦大幅度降低且比较稳定,时间和载荷对其影响很小;干摩擦时,复合材料的磨损机理主要为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损;水润滑时,主要为轻微磨粒磨损。     

Characterization of wear surfaces in dry sliding of steel and alumina on hydrogenated and hydrogen-free carbon films

Hydrogenated amorphous carbon coatings were deposited by r.f. plasma and hydrogen-free carbon films in pulsed arc discharge on stainless steel substrates. The coatings were characterized and evaluated in tribological tests. Pin-on-disc tests were used over a wide range of test parameters: normal load, 5–40 N; sliding velocity, 0.1–3.0 m s⁻¹. The wear of both coatings was of the same order of magnitude (0.7 × 10⁻³−5.1 × 10⁻³ mm³). However, the wear of the counterface was one order of magnitude higher for the hydrogenfree carbon coatings. Increasing the normal load generally caused an increase in coating wear and in most cases also an increase in counterface wear. When the steel pin was sliding against the hydrogenated carbon coating with a high sliding velocity and load, a rather thick tribofilm was formed on the pin wear surface, lowering the coefficient of friction and reducing the pin wear. The tribofilm formed on the alumina pin sliding against the hydrogenated carbon film also seemed to reduce the friction coefficient but could not prevent the pin wear. A tribofilm was also formed on the pin wear surface when the hydrogen-free carbon coating was sliding against the steel and alumina pins, but the layer was not able to protect the pins. The tribofilm did, however, lower the coefficient of friction, which was rather insensitive to the different test parameters used. According to secondary ion mass spectroscopy analyses, material transfer of the pin was detected on the disc (coated) wear surfaces. The tribofilms formed on the pin wear surfaces consisted of pin material, hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon.