新疆啤酒花重要品种的一个新唾骂的成分分析及品质评价

对新疆啤酒中最重要的３个品种（青岛大花、麒麟丰绿,余乐比特）及一个 品种经－１进行了化学成分腋地存性能研究,同时与国外引种的３个优良品种（马可波罗、努革特性及札一）进行比较。结果表明：新疆的青岛大花、麒麟丰绿是α－酸含量中的低的苦型花,合Ｌｕ草酮都占总α－酸的４０％以上,酿造品质一般;余乐比特和新品种阜弱－１是香型花,合草酮分别占总α－酝的２２．７０％和３０．７３％,酿造品质较佳,酒花油有香型花特     

中国香型啤酒花札一的品质分析和评价

采用顸空固相微萃取方法对国产香型啤酒花品种札-的压缩花和液态CO2浸膏中的挥发性成分进行了分析,并测定了该啤酒花品种的总树脂、软树脂、硬树脂、α-酸、β-酸和啤酒花多酚等多项指标,并与国外优质香型花SAAZ的各项影响酿造性能的参数进行了比较.结果表明,札-啤酒花具有较低的α-酸含量(3.40%,w/w),其β-酸含量在3.50%(w/w),合葎草酮在α-酸中所占的比例为23.92%;挥发性成分中β-法呢烯的相对含量达到了11.52%(w/w),在浸膏中的相对含量更高(14.48%);α-香柠檬烯的含量在压缩花和浸膏中分别为0.90%和1.56%,与国际优质香型啤酒花的含量指标相符合,表明札-具有优质香型啤酒花的品质,其液态CO2浸膏基本保持了压缩花的风味特征.     

储存条件对啤酒花中α-酸含量的影响

研究香型啤酒花扎一(SA-1)和苦型啤酒花纳盖特(Nugget)、马可波罗(Marco Polo)、青岛大花(Tsingdao flower)4个啤酒花品种在不同的储藏条件下α-酸的变化。以α-酸为试验指标,采用正交试验法对时间(A)、残氧量(B)、温度(C)3个影响因素进行研究。青岛大花最佳储存方案是A1B2C1,扎一香花最佳储存方案是A1B3C1,纳盖特最佳储存方案是A2B2C1,马可波罗最佳储存方案是A3B3C1。     

国产高α-酸含量酒花的品质研究

以青岛大花作为对照,研究了高α-酸含量酒花品种马可波罗（Marco Polo）和哥伦布（Columbus）的品质和酿造特点,评价高α-酸含量酒花对青岛大花的替代性。结果表明:马可波罗和哥伦布酒花的α-酸含量高,可降低酒花添加量。合葎草酮含量低,苦感柔和。酒花油组分中里那醇和香叶醇含量高,对啤酒的香气贡献大。总多酚及黄腐酚含量较高,但单位α-酸添加的多酚量不足且抗氧化能力略差,可能对啤酒的非生物稳定性、抗氧化性产生影响。从酿造麦汁指标来看,高α-酸含量酒花的使用可达到预期的苦味质,且异构化率高于青岛大花。采用高α-酸含量酒花配合多酚颗粒酒花使用可以改善麦汁的非生物稳定性和抗氧化能力。      

国产马可波罗酒花在啤酒酿造中的应用研究

以青岛大花为对照,研究了高α-酸含量酒花品种马可波罗在啤酒酿造中的工艺特性,评价其在大生产应用中的可行性。结果表明：马可波罗酒花风味感官品评、挥发性风味物质的组成与青岛大花相似,草香突出,萜烯类物质、醛类物质含量略高。其α-酸含量大约是青岛大花的2倍,储藏指数、崩解时间和匀整度较好。以100%青岛大花配方为对照组,50%青岛大花+50%马可波罗（以α-酸计）为测试组,对照组和测试组在冷麦汁、发酵液、成品酒阶段的苦味值（IBU）均没有显著差异,对照组和测试组啤酒感官品评均呈现出啤酒品牌典型风味特征。马可波罗酒花与青岛大花搭配使用,能够降本增效,具备大规模生产应用的潜力。     

不同储藏条件下啤酒花α-酸变化趋势研究

通过不同的储藏条件研究了香型啤酒花和苦型啤酒花其有效成分α-酸的变化情况。啤酒花样品中分别加入BHT、Vc、BHT和Vc并采用真空袋封装后再用铝箔袋真空复合包装的方法,在0～-4℃、-18℃和室温(20℃)3种条件下避光保存120d,并且定期对其主要成分α-酸指标进行分析,从而确定啤酒花的最佳储藏方法。结果表明:样品中的组分都发生了不同程度的质量劣变。室温下无抗氧化剂且只用真空袋封装储藏的啤酒花的酿造价值下降最为严重。而采用加入Vc并真空复合包装后置于-18℃环境下贮藏能有效的减缓啤酒花中α-酸的损失,α-酸含量最大为初始值的92%。     

国产酒花颗粒制品关键有效成分分析及在贮藏中的变化

对3个国产酒花品种青岛大花、扎一香花、马可波罗颗粒制品的的关键有效成分进行了测定并对其潜在的酿造价值进行了探讨,同时对其贮藏特性进行了研究。结果表明:3个品种的酒花颗粒制品的HSI值均高于0.35。马可波罗具有较高的酒花油和α-酸含量(分别为1.04 mL/100 g和(9.67±0.15)%),但从葎草烯/石竹烯比值、香叶烯/(石竹烯+葎草烯)比值、法呢烯的含量和α-酸/β-酸比值这3个指标来看,扎一香花具有较高的酿造价值,而马可波罗的酿造品质不佳。在惰性气体氮气条件下加速贮藏,3个品种酒花的α-酸和酒花油含量逐渐减少,但损失速率逐渐降低,β-酸、总酚、水分含量的变化无明显趋势。     

啤酒花多酚超声提取工艺及清除O_2~()的活性研究

通过单因素和正交试验确定了超临界CO2萃取啤酒花的萃余物中多酚的最佳提取工艺。结果表明:采用50%vol乙醇为提取溶剂、浸提温度40℃、浸提时间0.5h、超声辅助萃取10min的提取效率最高,在此条件下测定了3啤酒花品种(马可波罗、青岛大花、札一)的萃余物中总多酚的提取率依次为1.909%、1.894%、1.889%。此外,研究了3啤酒花提取物对超氧阴离子的清除活性,结果表明:3种啤酒花萃余物的多酚提取物均具有清除超氧阴离子的活性,其超氧阴离子清除率的IC50值分别为马可波罗6.915mg/mL、青岛大花11.638mg/mL、札一16.509mg/mL。     

国产酒花香气成分及酿造特性的研究

为探究国产酒花在啤酒酿造中的酿造价值,将7种中国本土种植和培育的啤酒花（卡斯卡特、D1号、拿盖特、柯密特、青岛大花、哥伦布、哈拉道）在模拟啤酒酿造过程中添加,并在关键酿造节点取样,使用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）技术分析酒花在啤酒酿造过程中不同时期香气成分,并通过感官品评综合评估其酿造价值。结果表明,7种国产酒花香气成分均能满足啤酒酿造要求,除哥伦布为高α-酸酒花,青岛大花为苦型酒花外,其余品种均为苦香兼优型酒花,该类酒花既可煮沸时添加也可用于后期酒花干投,其中,卡斯卡特酒花与D1号酒花干投样品中月桂烯含量分别为0.458μg/L、0.324μg/L,远高于一般酒花,非常适合印度淡色艾尔啤酒（IPA）酿造。     

不同品种啤酒花中α-酸的微波萃取最佳工艺条件对比

通过应用单因素和正交实验设计,对马可波罗和青岛大花中α-酸的微波萃取工艺进行了优化,并比较了两者最佳工艺条件的异同。马可波罗α-酸微波萃取的最佳工艺条件为微波时间20s、微波功率267W、浸泡时间30min、料液比1:25,影响因素的主次顺序为微波时间>微波功率>料液比>浸泡时间;青岛大花α-酸微波萃取的最佳工艺条件为微波时间15s、微波功率为267W、浸泡时间为30min、料液比为1:15,影响因素的主次顺序为微波时间>料液比>微波功率>浸泡时间。结果表明:两个品种的最佳萃取工艺条件中仅微波功率参数、浸泡时间参数相同,而微波功率、料液比的主次影响顺序不同。由此得出,不同品种啤酒花中α-酸的微波萃取最佳工艺条件不能混用,而关于啤酒花α-酸微波萃取工艺的研究,很有必要针对不同品种来进行。      

新疆精河地区四种枸杞果实品质的比较分析

通过对新疆精河地区精杞一号、精杞二号、宁夏红和豫新4个枸杞品种的外观品质,以及主要理化成分和活性成分进行了测定,采用显著性分析和聚类分析来比较其差异性。并且对比分析了它们的氨基酸组成差异,并利用氨基酸比值系数法对其蛋白质营养价值进行评价。结果表明:精杞一号和宁夏红在外观性状方面有明显的品种优势。作为精河地区主栽品种的精杞一号,浸出物、甜菜碱、类胡萝卜素等活性成分含量都是最高的,这充分体现了它的药用价值。除果形指数和总黄酮外,四个品种的其它指标差异都达到了极显著性水平。四种枸杞的氨基酸含量丰富,种类齐全,宁夏红与精杞一号的必需氨基酸、药用氨基酸含量相对较高。精杞一号的SRC值为83.27,必需氨基酸模式更接近于人体蛋白质组成。由此可见精杞一号的营养价值和药用价值都比较理想,有利于进一步的开发和利用。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法定量分析橄榄果实氨基酸组分

为探索橄榄果实成熟过程氨基酸含量变化与营养价值及风味品质的相关性,利用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法定量分析普通橄榄‘长营’与清橄榄‘清榄1号’果实水解和游离氨基酸成分。结果表明：在水解氨基酸中,2?个品种果实均含有16?种氨基酸,其中7?种必需氨基酸和9?种非必需氨基酸,氨基酸种类丰富;但是,二者水解氨基酸总含量变化规律存在差异,‘长营’果实氨基酸总量呈升-降-升的变化趋势,‘清榄1号’为降-升-降-升;二者营养指标氨基酸比值、氨基酸比值系数、氨基酸比值系数分均不理想,为营养不均衡类型。在游离氨基酸中,‘长营’果实氨基酸含量变化呈升-降-升-降,‘清榄1号’相反,为降-升-降-升;2?个品种果实均含有19?种氨基酸,甜味氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸占比较高,‘清榄1号’鲜味（谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、天冬酰胺）和甜味氨基酸（谷氨酰胺）贡献值高于‘长营’,使得‘清榄1号’鲜甜口感优于‘长营’,鲜食品质更佳,为橄榄果实风味判断提供依据。     

RAPD和STS分子标记技术鉴定酒花品种和纯度

运用 DNA 片断的多态性分析判定酒花品种指纹,以5个随机引物成功鉴定了11个常用酒花品种,包括4个香花,5个苦花,青岛大花和 Cluster。Kirin一段多态的随机扩增多态性 DNA(RAPD)片段被转化成序列标记位点(STS),STS 扩增可以检测到青岛大花中5%的麒麟丰禄混合率。     

基于电子鼻和HS-SPME-GC-MS技术分析9种新疆石榴果实挥发性成分

本研究采用电子鼻（Electronic Nose）与顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用（headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometer,HS-SPME-GC-MS）技术相结合对新疆南部地区9个不同石榴品种的果实挥发性成分进行比较分析,并对固相微萃取的条件进行了优化。结果表明：顶空固相微萃取的较优条件为：加盐量0.3 g/mL,萃取时间45 min,萃取温度45℃。电子鼻结果表明不同品种石榴果实之间的整体挥发性成分之间存在差异性。HS-SPME-GC-MS从9个石榴果实样品中共检测出73种化合物,其中萜烯类物质23种,醇类物质16种,酯类物质3种,醛类物质15种,酮类物质5种,酸类物质8种,其它3种。不同石榴品种之间果实的共有挥发性成分有6种,相对含量为63.11%～92.32%,它们构成了新疆石榴果实挥发性成分的主体特征,特有挥发成分分别有2、6、0、1、3、3、3、3、3种,赋予了不同品种石榴果实各自特有的风味特点,该研究结果可为新疆地区部分石榴品种的品质评价和综合利用提供参考依据。     

Variation in the volatile terpenoids of two industrially important basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivars during plant ontogeny in two different cropping seasons from India

BACKGROUND: Two Ocimum basilicum cultivars, ‘Vikarsudha’ and ‘CIM‐Saumya’, grown in the Kumaon region of western Himalaya were evaluated for their essential oil yield and composition at different stages of plant growth during two distinct cropping seasons (spring–summer and rain–autumn). RESULTS: The highest yield of essential oil was obtained at full bloom stage in both cultivars in both cropping seasons. The essential oils obtained from different stages in two cropping seasons were analysed by capillary gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The major component of cultivar ‘Vikarsudha’ was methyl chavicol (84.3–94.3%), while for cultivar ‘CIM‐Saumya’ the main components were methyl chavicol (62.5–77.6%) and linalool (14.4–34.1%). CONCLUSION: This study clearly indicated that cultivar, cropping season, plant ontogeny and plant part had significant effects on the yield and quality of the essential oil of O. basilicum. Further, the amount of methyl chavicol in the cultivars grown in this region was higher than in cultivars from other parts of India. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Physico-Chemical Properties of Immature Pods of Japanese Soybean Cultivars

Twelve Japanese cultivars and JS335, the most popular soybean cultivar in India, were grown in the field. Days to arrival of R6 stage (when pods are still green, immature, and tight with fully developed immature green seeds) of these cultivars were recorded. Pods picked at this stage were evaluated for pod yield per plant, pod characteristics (width, presence of hairs) fresh green seed weight and percent moisture content. Fresh green seeds were analyzed for compositional traits viz. protein content, trypsin inhibitor lipoxygenase isozymes, oil content, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (essential fatty acids). Japanese cultivars showed higher fresh green seed weight and pod yield than JS335. On a fresh weight basis, Japanese cultivars exhibited lower protein content but higher oil content than JS335. Most of the Japanese cultivars showed lower trypsin inhibitor content and a varying level of lipoxygenase-I, as well as lipoxygenase-II + III when compared to JS335. Total polyunsaturated fatty acids content in JS335 was higher than some of the Japanese cultivars. The number of pods per plant showed a positive correlation (r = 0.863, p < 0.001) with pod yield per plant. Some of the Japanese cultivars offer great potential for consumption at the green pod stage or as a source for desirable traits.     

Effect of cultivar and roasting method on composition of roasted soybeans

BACKGROUND: The composition of raw soybeans and the roasting method have an important impact on the quality of roasted soybeans. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of food‐grade soybean cultivars (IA 2064, IA 1008, IA 1008LF, Prairie Brand 299, Asgrow 2247) and roasting method (oil‐ and dry‐roasting) on the composition of roasted soybeans. RESULTS: Moisture content decreased after roasting, with oil‐roasted soybeans having a significantly lower moisture content than the dry‐roasted soybeans. With the exception of the low linolenic acid cultivar (IA 2064), there were no significant differences in total lipid and fatty acid contents of the five cultivars. Oil‐roasted soybeans had significantly higher lipid content than raw and dry‐roasted soybeans owing to the absorption of oil. The soluble sugars and free amino acids contents of the five soybean cultivars were not significantly different. Decreases in the contents of free amino acids, but not soluble sugars, occurred during roasting. Greater reductions were seen in oil‐roasted soybeans because of the higher roasting temperature. CONCLUSION: Roasting method, rather than cultivar, had the greatest effect on the composition of roasted soybeans. The food‐grade soybean cultivars evaluated in this study were similar in composition. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同品种杏仁氨基酸组成分析及综合评价

选取新疆种植的10 种杏仁作为研究对象,通过必需氨基酸指数（essential amino acid index,EAAI）和氨基酸比值系数分（score of ratio coefficient of amino acid,SRC）等化学指标对杏仁蛋白质营养价值进行系统分析;并在主成分分析和聚类分析的基础上对10?种杏仁的品质进行综合评价。结果表明杏仁总氨基酸质量分数在16.7%～23.12%之间,必需氨基酸与总氨基酸比值在32.18%～33.75%之间,EAAI值＞100,SRC值＜100,且品种间差异较大,其中限制性氨基酸为含硫氨基酸和赖氨酸。通过主成分分析提取3?个主成分,累计方差贡献率为90.295%,由每个主成分贡献率重新建立的综合评价模型较好地反映了杏仁蛋白质的综合信息,并将10?种杏仁按品质排名。聚类分析将10?种杏仁分为4?类,结果与主成分分析一致。     

冠突散囊菌对发花黑毛茶品质呈味成分的影响

目的探索湖南农业大学长安教学基地湘妃翠、碧香早和茗丰3个品种制成的黑毛茶经冠突散囊菌发花后其呈味品质成分的差异变化,对黑毛茶进行冠突散囊菌发花优化实验。方法采用国标检测方法对发花前黑毛茶及发花后成品茶其水浸出物、茶多酚、游离氨基酸、可溶性糖等呈味成分进行分析,对所测数据进行组间和组内方差分析。结果湘妃翠经发花后其水浸出物、茶多酚、游离氨基酸和生物碱在发花成品茶中下降幅度最大;碧香早经发花后其成品茶中茶多酚、游离氨基酸与其原料茶相比显著下降;茗丰经发花后其茶多酚、氨基酸和生物碱与其原料茶相比显著下降,而可溶性多糖显著增加。结论在三个发花成品茶中,以湘妃翠化学品质表现最为突出,湘妃翠较碧香早、茗丰更适制发花黑茶,其次为茗丰。     

Characterisation of four popular Polish hop cultivars

Polish cultivars of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) are well known as aroma and bitter raw material in the brewing industry. To characterise four popular Polish hop cultivars, Lubelski (Lublin), Marynka, Sybilla and Iunga (also known as Junga), the essential oil profiles were determined by gas chromatography/flame ionisation detector (GC‐FID) and gas chromatography/chemical ionisation mass spectrometry (GC‐CIMS) and the alpha/beta acids amounts by high‐performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector (HPLC‐DAD) analysis. In addition, the multivariate statistical analysis of the volatile profiles was performed. The results obtained evidenced qualitative and quantitative differences between the four cultivars studied and the foreign hops described in the literature. Lubelski and Iunga showed the typical chemical profile of the fine‐aroma and high‐alpha cultivars, respectively. In Marynka and Sybilla, the average amounts of alpha acids were similar to the bitter hops, but with a volatile profile characteristics of the fine‐aroma and aroma cultivars respectively.