广州市售蔬菜有机磷农药残留情况调查分析

为了解广州市蔬菜农药残留有关情况,从而为有效控制蔬菜农药残留提供科学依据。2009年9月至12月对天河区4家超市及1处农贸市场进行随机抽样检测,用气相色谱法测定其中的有机磷农药。共检测蔬菜样品64份,其中农药残留阳性的有10份,超标率为15.63%。叶菜类蔬菜合格率为71.43%,而瓜菜类、根茎类和茄果类全部合格。在11种标的农药中,检测出5种,其中3种为国家禁用农药。禁用农药残留是蔬菜农药残留超标的主要原因,应进一步加强监督管理。     

蔬菜中有机磷农药残留降解方法的研究进展

目前有机磷农药是应用最为广泛的化学农药之一,蔬菜是其主要作用对象,有机磷农药带来的药残严重威胁人类的健康。对于有机磷药残的降解方法主要有物理降解、化学降解和生物降解,其中生物降解法是应用前景最为广泛的降解方法之一。     

蔬菜残留有机磷农药脱除新方法

农药残留是影响我国食品安全的重大问题之一。文中建立了蔬菜农药脱除效果分析体系,采用自主研发的高浓度臭氧密闭动态增压脱除方法进行脱除实验,分析了该方法对蔬菜中常见的有机磷农药:敌敌畏、甲胺磷和氧化乐果等3种农药残留的脱除效果,结果表明,该脱除解方法在进行农药残留降解时效果显著,有机磷脱除率均超过90%。     

蔬菜与水果农药残留检测中的质量控制措施

为保证蔬果的质量安全,监管部门将结合监测数据对果蔬生产过程进行监管。在监测果蔬时,监测数据的微小差异会干扰对危害因素的判断。因此,为了获取准确的数据,从样品抽取到出具检验报告等各个环节都应进行质量控制。基于此,在果蔬农残检测过程中要遵循相关的标准与流程,落实质量控制工作,保障结果精准的前提下,提高果蔬质量安全性,最大限度地保障消费者的健康。本文主要介绍果蔬农残检测质量控制措施,以期为相关研究人员提供参考。     

蔬菜中多种有机磷农药残留气相色谱分析法

为了同时测定蔬菜中13种有机磷农药残留,利用毛细管色谱仪附火焰光度检测器进行检测.蔬菜匀浆后经乙腈提取、净化后,采用程序升温和恒流的方式进行气相色谱分析.结果表明,13种有机磷农药在22.5 min内得到很好分离.有机磷农药残留量在2～1 000 μg/kg范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.998 6～0.999 7.13种混合农药加标浓度为0.1 mg/kg时,平均回收率在73.20 %～101.23 %之间,相对标准偏差小于5 %,检出限0.01～0.05 mg/kg.该方法能一次完成蔬菜中13种有机磷农药残留的分离和测定,操作简便、灵敏.     

烟台市市售蔬菜有机磷农药残留检测分析

目的　了解烟台市市售蔬菜有机磷农药污染状况。方法　按照国家标准GB T　5009,20 2003和GB T　5009,103 2003规定的方法检测。结果　285份样品不合格率为8.4%,叶(花)菜和根茎类蔬菜有机磷农药污染较严重,第一季度污染高于其它季节。结论　烟台市市售大部分蔬菜有机磷农药残留符合标准。     

广东省蔬菜水果中有机磷农药残留监测与评价

目的掌握广东省蔬菜、水果中有机磷农药的残留状况,为政府部门采取有效预防措施提供依据。方法自2001年起每年在全省各监测网点抽检各类新鲜蔬菜、水果,采用气相色谱仪和气相色谱质谱联用仪,参考GB/T 5009.20—2003《食品中有机磷农药残留量的测定》等分析方法进行检测。结果连续7年的监测共获得47400个检验数据,蔬菜、水果中有机磷的检出率和超标率分别为10.1%和8.0%,2001-2007年间,甲胺磷、甲基对硫磷、久效磷等国家禁止在蔬菜水果中使用的高毒高残留的有机磷农药还在普遍使用。结论广东省各地农产品中有机磷农药残留检出率和超标率变化趋势不明显,有机磷农药在蔬菜水果中的使用较为普遍。     

蔬菜有机磷农药残留快速检测方法的应用

以黄瓜为试材，采用酶抑制半定量快速检测方法分析几种常见有机磷农药的残留动态，结果表明，敌敌畏和辛硫磷的降速度最快，氧化乐果和甲基对硫鳞次之，甲胺磷的降解速度最慢，喷洒后5d仅有约一半降解，市场抽样检测表明，市场上销售的果菜类蔬菜均受到不同程度的有机磷农药污染，其中以黄瓜最为严重。     

Monitoring of pesticide residues in Egyptian fruits and vegetables during 1997

A total of 2318 domestic samples of different types of fruits and vegetables were collected from eight Egyptian local markets in six different regions of the country. All samples were examined for residues of 54 pesticides, including organophosphorus, organonitrogen, organohalogen and certain pyrethroides. However, dithiocarbamates were analysed in only 318 samples. Overall, 81.5% of the samples had no detectable pesticide residues. Of the contaminated samples, 18.5% contained detectable residues and 1.9% exceeded their maximum residue limits (MRLs). Root and leafy vegetables showed the lowest contamination rates (1.9 and 4.7%, respectively), slightly exceeding the MRLs in leafy vegetables. However, fruit samples showed a slightly higher proportion of contamination than vegetables (29 and 14.3%, respectively). Fruit also exhibited a higher level of violation than vegetables (2.3 and 1.9%, respectively). The contamination and violation rates were lower than the percentages recorded in previous years' monitoring studies. Dicofol and dimethoate were the most frequently occurring pesticide residues at 5.1 and 5.0%, respectively. Dimethoate showed higher violation levels (0.69%). However, dicofol showed a slight violation rate (0.09%) which indicates good agricultural practices for dicofol use. Dithiocarbamates residues were found in 21 of the 318 samples analysed, which when expressed as a percentage contamination was 6.6%, and only one sample exceeded the MRL.     

Results from the monitoring of pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables on the Danish market, 1998?99

The objective of the Danish pesticide monitoring programme for fruit and vegetables was to check for compliance with the maximum residue levels in foods and to monitor the residue levels to assess the pesticide exposure of the Danish population. Sampling plans were designed based on previous findings and on food consumption data. Approximately 60% of the samples were selected on the basis of positive findings in samples from the previous 5 years. The remaining samples reflected the pattern of food consumption in Denmark. In addition, a rolling programme is maintained for commodities with a low consumption and no detected residues. Within each commodity, the sampling was random. Samples (n = 4150) of mainly fresh, conventionally grown fruit and vegetables were taken throughout the chain of suppliers including foodprocessing companies. Of the samples, 3% were frozen products and 2% were organically grown. Of the samples, 35% were of Danish origin, with 65% originating from other countries. Three accredited laboratories performed analyses of the samples using capillary gas chromatography, liquid chromatography and spectrophotometric methods. Results were registered online into a central database. Residues were found in 54% of the samples of fruit but only in 13% of the vegetables. Residues above the MRL were found in 4% of all samples of fruit and in 1% of vegetables.     

Results from the monitoring of pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables on the Danish market, 2000-01

To check compliance with the maximum residue levels in foods and to monitor the residue levels to enable an evaluation of the exposure of the Danish population to pesticides, a monitoring programme for pesticides residues in fruit and vegetables was performed. Sampling plans were designed based on previous findings and on consumption data. Samples (n = 4404) of mainly fresh conventionally and organically grown fruit and vegetables were collected at wholesalers and importers and at food processing companies. Of the samples, 3% were frozen products and 5% organically grown. Of the samples, 34% were of Danish origin, with 66% from other countries. Two accredited laboratories performed analyses of the samples using capillary gas chromatography, liquid chromatography and a spectrophotometric method. Reporting levels were set at the lowest calibration level or at the limit of determination. Residues were found in 60% of the samples of fruit but in only 18% of the vegetable samples. Residues above the maximum residue levels were found in 6% of all samples of fruit and in 2% of the vegetable samples.     

澳门地区市售叶类菜有机磷农药残留检测:2000～2003

目的了解澳门地区叶类菜残留有机磷农药的情况。方法2000年至2003年间分别于澳门各菜市场、街头摊贩、蔬果杂货店等地点抽取了共817件叶类菜样本,以检测有机磷农药残留水平。结果2000年至2003年度,叶类菜残留有机磷农药不合格率平均为73%、132%、131%、149%,历年不合格率呈上升趋势(AdjustedR2=0074,P=003)。除2002年外,每年从街头摊贩所取得样本之不合格率均比从菜市场所抽取者为高,且差异具统计学意义(P<005)。构成历年不合格样本的原因,主要是甲胺磷和马拉硫磷农药残留超逾标准所致;各类叶类菜样本中亦以通心菜样本中残留有机磷农药的检出之不合格率最高,约占通心菜样本总数四成。讨论考虑到“农场到餐桌”食物链的全过程,除了农场方面对农药的正确和安全使用需要回顾外,农药的生产管理,以至营销流通监管亦不能掉以轻心,政府和有关部门必须高度重视。     

臭氧在果蔬保鲜和农残降解上的应用

臭氧是一种强氧化剂，它可以杀灭果蔬上的微生物，去除果蔬释放的乙烯，抑制果蔬的呼吸作用，延长果蔬的保鲜期。臭氧还可以降解果蔬上的农药残留。尽管可能会对某些果蔬的品质造成损伤，但具有高活性、高渗透性和无毒降解产物的特点的臭氧在果蔬采后处理上有着巨大的应用潜力。     

Evaluation of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from Algeria

ABSTRACT

A total of 160 samples of 13 types of fresh fruits and vegetables from domestic production and import were analysed to detect the presence of pesticide residues. Analysis was performed by multi-residual extraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. In 42.5% of the tested samples, no residues were found and 12.5% of samples contained pesticide residues above maximum residue limits. Risk assessment for long-term exposure was done for all pesticides detected in this study. Except chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin, exposure to pesticides from vegetables and fruits was below 1% of the acceptable daily intake. Short-term exposure assessment revealed that in seven pesticide/commodity combinations, including three pesticides (chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin), the acute reference dose had been exceeded.     

茶叶中农药残留检测方法研究进展

茶叶中农药残留问题受到越来越多的关注,现代仪器分析技术在农残检测中的应用也在不断创新。本文主要综述了茶叶中农药残留检测方法的研究状况,对茶叶中农残检测样品前处理方法和检测技术进行了分析和比较。目前茶叶中农药残留检测方法主要有气相色谱法(gas chromatography,GC)、高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)、色谱-质谱联用法和酶联免疫吸附测定法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)。本文分析了不同检测方法使用的局限性和优越性,为不同性质的茶叶样品农残检测方法的选择提供了依据,旨在为茶叶中农药残留检测新方法的研究提供理论参考。     

微酸性电解水去除蔬菜农药残留效果的研究

目的探讨微酸性电解水(slightly acidic electrolyzed water,SAEW)对蔬菜农药残留的去除效果。方法 利用酶抑制法,建立了蔬菜表面农药残留的定量分析方法 ,酶活抑制率与农药浓度近似呈对数关系,对辛硫磷的检出限为0.49 mg/kg。结果与普通自来水浸泡处理效果比较,SAEW浸泡的去除效果有显着提高(P0.05),处理30 min后,农药去除率高达92%。随着SAEW用量的增加、浸泡时间的增长、以及温度的升高,农药残留率不断降低、农残去除率不断地增加。结论 SAEW由于其特殊的理化性质能有效地降解蔬菜的农药残留,它可能对蔬菜上面有机磷农药起到有效的降解作用,更多问题还有待研究。     

北京市蔬菜中农药残留现状及慢性膳食暴露评估

目的了解北京市蔬菜中农药残留污染现状及对北京市居民的膳食风险水平。方法采集2013年北京市主要蔬菜生产基地和大型批发市场的蔬菜样品,采用NY/T 761-2008和GB/T 20769-2008等方法检测样品中的33种农药残留,分析北京市蔬菜中农药残留现状,并结合大城市居民的蔬菜消费情况和食品安全指数法对北京市居民从蔬菜中摄入农药风险进行慢性膳食暴露评估。结果 2013年北京市抽检的蔬菜中农药残留检测合格率达99.2%(502/506),农药超标的蔬菜为白菜类和绿叶菜类,拟除虫菊酯类农药检出频次较高,其构成比占40.8%,检出超标的农药为吡虫啉、毒死蜱、哒螨灵和百菌清;对所有检出农药进行慢性膳食暴露评估结果表明,百菌清的日摄入量相对较高,然而包括百菌清在内所有检出农药的食品安全指数值均小于1。结论北京市蔬菜中农药残留量的安全风险均在可接受范围内,百菌清是潜在的风险因子,应重点防患蔬菜中百菌清的残留风险。