Nd~(3+):La_2CaB_8O_(16)晶体生长及光谱性能(英文)

采用高温固相法合成了Nd3+:La2CaB8O16(Nd:LCB8)多品料,以CaB4O7为助溶剂,采用丁负部籽晶法生长了Nd:LCB8单晶.X射线衍射和差热分析结果表明:Nd:LCB8和LCB8具有相同的晶体结构:Nd:LCB8晶体的熔点为1046℃.测试f Nd:LCBg晶体的吸收光谱和荧光光谱.在300～1 000nm波段存在多个吸收带,其中 802nm吸收带埘应于AlGaA8激光二极管的输出波长,带宽为19nm.在890,1060nm和1330nm处分别存在 发射峰,室温下测得Nd:LCB8晶体的荧光寿命为75 μs.     

石英玻璃光谱中245nm吸收带的研究

石英玻璃光谱中245nm吸收带及其荧光成因,至今仍是研究和争论的课题.早期的所有观点都认为,245nm吸收带是由于石英玻璃中杂质引起的.??和??详细分析了羟基紫外吸收性和气炼石英玻璃中245nm吸收带的变化认为,245nm吸收带是由于[OH]或"活动氢"的存在.Amocob的研究认为,245nm吸收带是由于石英     

Yb3Al5O12激光晶体的生长

采用中频感应提拉法成功生长出Yb3Al5O12(YbAG)激光晶体.通过X射线粉末衍射分析,得出了YbAG晶体的晶胞参数a=1.193799nm,β=90°,V=1.70135nm3;密度为6.62g/cm3.测量了室温下YbAG晶体的吸收光谱和发射光谱特性.研究表明在938nm和968nm处存在Yb3+离子的2个吸收带,能与InGaAs激光二极管(LD)有效耦合,适合激光二极管泵浦;其荧光主峰位于1036nm附近,YbAG晶体的荧光寿命为270μs.     

掺MgF2的钨酸铅晶体的发光性能

通过透射光谱、光致发光谱、光产额的测试,研究了提拉法生长的掺MgF2的钨酸铅(PbWO4,PWO)晶体的发光性能.结果表明:与未掺杂晶体相比,掺杂样品的透光率提高,消除了420nm吸收,减弱了350nm吸收,紫外吸收边变陡并且向短波方向移动约10nm;掺杂样品和未掺杂PWO晶体的光致发光谱形状相同,存在350～550nm的宽带谱,峰值为420nm,掺杂样品的蓝光带得到增强.掺杂样品的光产额(200ns)为未掺杂PWO的2.3倍,发光性能得到改善.对透光率的提高和发光机制进行了探讨.     

ZnO单晶的KOH碱液法生长和表征(英文)

采用自发成核方法,以KOH碱液作助熔剂,在银、镍和铁坩埚中分别生长了透明、棕绿色和棕色的纤维锌矿氧化锌单晶。X射线衍射和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析表明:晶体的颜色与所含的杂质有关,这些杂质来源于所使用的坩埚。采用光致发光(photoluminescence,PL)光谱对所生长的晶体进行了表征,结果显示,从银坩埚中生长的氧化锌晶体质量较高,其室温下用325nm波长光激发的PL光谱显示381nm强的紫外发射峰。在此基础上,从200mL银坩埚中生长出了尺寸为φ3mm×34mm氧化锌晶体。     

铒镱共掺钨酸钆钾激光晶体生长、结构及光谱特性

采用顶部籽晶提拉法生长出铒镱共掺钨酸钆钾[Er3 :Yb3 :KGd(WO4)2,Er:Yb:KGW]激光晶体.这种晶体的最佳生长工艺参数为:转速为10～15 r/min,提拉速率为1～2mm/d,降温速率为0.05～0.1℃/h,生长周期为10～15d.X射线衍射分析表明,所生长的晶体为β-Er:Yb:KGW.经热重-差热分析确定:晶体的熔点为1 079℃,相转变温度为1 024℃.测量晶体的红外及Raman光谱,并对峰值及相应的原子基团振动进行了归属.晶体样品的吸收光谱显示:在380,523,935 nm和981 nm处存在较强的吸收峰,主峰981 nm处的吸收截面积为3.35×10-20 cm2.分别在488 nm和980 nm波长光激发下,均可以产生较强的1.53 μm对人眼安全的激光,表明Yb3 对Er3 具有敏化作用,既提高了对泵浦光的吸收效率,又降低了激光振荡阈值.     

Mg:Ho:LiNbO3晶体的生长及其激光性能

在生长LiNbO3的熔体中掺进1%(摩尔分数,下同)的Ho2O3和分别掺入1%,4%,5%MgO,用提拉法生长Mg:Ho:LiNbO3晶体.测量了晶体的光谱性能和抗激光损伤能力.结果表明:5%Mg:1%Ho:LiNbO3晶体红外光谱的OH-吸收峰移到3 534 cm-1;晶体抗光损伤能力比LiNbO3晶体提高2个数量级以上.随着Mg:Ho:LiNbO3晶体中Mg2 浓度的增加,吸收光谱中吸收边连续紫移;Mg:Ho:LiNbO3晶体最强的跃迁光谱项为3I8→5G6,对应的吸收波长为459nm,是最佳泵浦波长.晶体的荧光光谱表明:Mg:Ho:LiNbO3晶体较易实现激光振荡的是4S2→5I8和5I7→5I8跃迁,对应的发射波长分别为546nm和2011nm,选用波长为620nm的激光激发Mg:Ho:LiNbO3晶体,由其上转换荧光光谱得到波长为523nm的荧光,实现了红绿光的转换.     

Ho~(3+)掺杂Bi_4Si_3O_(12)晶体的生长与光谱特性

采用坩埚下降法生长了尺寸为f25 mm×100 mm的Ho~(3+)掺杂的Bi_4Si_3O_(12)(BSO:Ho)晶体,研究了所得晶体的透射光谱、激发光谱、发射光谱等特性。结果表明:BSO:Ho晶体透射光谱与纯BSO晶体基本一致,在350~800 nm波长范围的透过率约为80%,吸收边在286 nm处;在360、454和537 nm处存在与Ho~(3+)有关的吸收峰;激发光谱在240~310 nm波段出现1个宽的激发带,峰值在290 nm左右;发射光谱中除480 nm发射带外,在573 nm附近有多个与Ho~(3+)有关的尖锐发射峰。BSO:Ho晶体的主要发光分量的荧光衰减时间为94.41 ns,表明掺杂0.1%Ho~(3+)(摩尔分数)有利于提高BSO晶体的闪烁性能。     

Ho3+:Yb3+:KLa(WO4)2激光晶体生长与性能

以K2W2O7为助熔剂,采用泡生法生长钬镱双掺钨酸镧钾[Ho3 :Yb3 :KLa(WO4)2,Ho:Yb:KLW]晶体.通过热重-差热分析,确定晶体的熔点为1 118 ℃,在熔点以下晶体没有相变,热稳定性很好.X射线衍射分析表明:所生长的晶体为四方晶系Ho:Yb:KLW晶体,晶胞参数为a =b =0.538 nm,c =1.193 nm.测量晶体的红外及Raman光谱,并对峰值进行了归属.晶体样品的吸收光谱显示:Yb3 在978 nm处吸收峰较强,半峰宽为19 nm,适合采用InGaAs半导体激光二极管来作为激励源.表明Yb3 对Ho3 具有敏化作用.     

石英晶体的条纹缺陷及其对透过率的影响

采用正交偏光条纹检测仪观察了水热法生长的光学石英晶体中的条纹缺陷,分析了光学石英晶体中条纹缺陷产生的原因和对晶体样品的透过率的影响。结果表明:晶体中的条纹缺陷主要是由在生长过程中籽晶中缺陷的遗传和高压釜中局部生长条件变化引起的。有条纹和无条纹缺陷晶体在400～800nm波段存在最高吸收峰,800～2500nm波段存在最低吸收峰。有条纹缺陷和无条纹缺陷晶体样品的透过率存在0.64%的差异。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。