Techniques for screening adhesives for structural applications

—Due to its chemistry, no structural adhesive system (epoxies, acrylics, etc.) is likely to offer an ideal combination of toughness, strength, moisture resistance, and ambient-temperature curing. Therefore, for effective use of adhesives in primary structures, an engineer must be able to identify adhesives that represent an optimum compromise among the different properties. In this paper, we present techniques for screening high-strength, ambient-temperature-curing adhesives for (1) moisture resistance under sustained loading and (2) fracture resistance in a way that is directly related to joint performance.     

Efficacy for Whitlockite for Augmenting Spinal Fusion

Whitlockite (WH) is the second most abundant inorganic component of human bone, accounting for approximately 25% of bone tissue. This study investigated the role of WH in bone remodeling and formation in a mouse spinal fusion model. Specifically, morphology and composition analysis, tests of porosity and surface area, thermogravimetric analysis, an ion-release test, and a cell viability test were conducted to analyze the properties of bone substitutes. The MagOss group received WH, Group A received 100% beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), Group B received 100% hydroxyapatite (HAp), Group C received 30% HAp/70% β-TCP, and Group D received 60% HAp/40% β-TCP (n = 10 each). All mice were sacrificed 6 weeks after implantation, and micro-CT, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and Masson trichome (MT) staining and immunohistochemistry were performed. The MagOss group showed more homogeneous and smaller grains, and nanopores (<500 nm) were found in only the MagOss group. On micro-CT, the MagOss group showed larger fusion mass and better graft incorporation into the decorticate mouse spine than other groups. In the in vivo experiment with HE staining, the MagOss group showed the highest new bone area (mean: decortication group, 9.50%; A, 15.08%; B, 15.70%; C, 14.76%; D, 14.70%; MagOss, 22.69%; p < 0.0001). In MT staining, the MagOss group demonstrated the highest new bone area (mean: decortication group, 15.62%; A, 21.41%; B, 22.86%; C, 23.07%; D, 22.47%; MagOss, 26.29%; p < 0.0001). In an immunohistochemical analysis for osteocalcin, osteopontin, and CD31, the MagOss group showed a higher positive area than other groups. WH showed comparable bone conductivity to HAp and β-TCP and increased new bone formation. WH is likely to be used as an improved bone substitute with better bone conductivity than HAp and β-TCP.     

Nanomaterials for Antiangiogenic Therapies for Cancer: A Promising Tool for Personalized Medicine

Angiogenesis is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Several studies have shown that vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) plays a leading role in angiogenesis progression. Antiangiogenic medication has gained substantial recognition and is commonly administered in many forms of human cancer, leading to a rising interest in cancer therapy. However, this treatment method can lead to a deteriorating outcome of resistance, invasion, distant metastasis, and overall survival relative to its cytotoxicity. Furthermore, there are significant obstacles in tracking the efficacy of antiangiogenic treatments by incorporating positive biomarkers into clinical settings. These shortcomings underline the essential need to identify additional angiogenic inhibitors that target numerous angiogenic factors or to develop a new method for drug delivery of current inhibitors. The great benefits of nanoparticles are their potential, based on their specific properties, to be effective mechanisms that concentrate on the biological system and control various important functions. Among various therapeutic approaches, nanotechnology has emerged as a new strategy for treating different cancer types. This article attempts to demonstrate the huge potential for targeted nanoparticles and their molecular imaging applications. Notably, several nanoparticles have been developed and engineered to demonstrate antiangiogenic features. This nanomedicine could effectively treat a number of cancers using antiangiogenic therapies as an alternative approach. We also discuss the latest antiangiogenic and nanotherapeutic strategies and highlight tumor vessels and their microenvironments.     

滤池滤料改造与节能降耗

该文介绍了通过将单层砂滤池改换成双层滤料滤池后的节约用电及消毒剂的经济效果.     

焦油一次汽化温度计算方法的探讨

利用相平衡原理得出的焦油蒸馏时一次汽化温度的计算方法,其结果与按经验公式的计算结果进行了比较,同时讨论了一次汽化温度与焦油馏分产率及二段蒸发器过热蒸汽用量的关系。     

工程建设项目全面造价管理要则

通过对工程建设项目特点剖析，提出了工程建设项目全过程造价管理、全要素造价管理、全风险造价管理、全团队造价管理等四项造价管理技术，针对其特点提出全面造价管理的管理技术要则，并提出要注重事前管理控制、项目信息的收集和加工、加强项目的动态性管理、重视项目管理的科学性和艺术性等各项要求。     

Spalling-resistant chamotte products for external-vacuuming plant for steel

Conclusions The spalling resistance of chamotte refractories for stoppers can be increased and spoilage during their production reduced by adding a plasticizing substance, viz. paraffin wax, to the body.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 3, pp. 32–36, March, 1974.     

Requirements for alumina refractories for growing leucosapphire crystals

Conclusions The conditions for melting alumina and the requirements for a raw material for the melting of single crystals of leucosapphire have been discussed. It is shown that impurities of Mn, Ti, and alkali metals lead to cracking and defects in the crystals; Mo, Cu, and V impurities accumulate in the crystals; and impurity Si, Cr, Mg, and Ga are removed. However, SiO₂ accumulates in the single crystals and scatters light.The effect of the composition of the alumina, the method of its preparation, and the firing conditions on the chemical composition and density of alumina articles have been studied.It is shown that the most promising material for growing leucosapphire single crystals with high transparency and without the boiling effect is an alumina ceramic based on alumina with an open porosity of 23–27% for the outlet of air and other gases and in which the alkali has been reduced to a very low level.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 7, pp. 9–15, July, 1984.     

汽车用灯头的注射模设计

针对汽车用塑料灯头的结构特点与工作环境,分析了灯头结构的复杂性、材料性能,注身工艺条件、合理地设计了注射成型模具,采用了组合式下模型芯来完成内孔的复杂成型,同时采用组合式侧抽芯来完成外侧面的卡钩与上面的穿线孔的成型,简化了模具的结构。     

外墙保温陶瓷板工艺技术介绍

首先介绍了国内外外墙外保温材料的现状，以目前国内对无机不燃外墙外保温材料的紧迫要求为本项目提出的背景。笔者核心介绍了本项目的研究内容、工艺路线、技术指标，并总结了项目的创新点，同时评判了项目风险及应采取的措施。     

我厂脱碳双塔再生工艺改造小结

介绍了双塔再生工艺的原理、改造前后的工艺流程 ,运行情况 ,并对改造进行了经济效益分析。     

工业污水深度处理回用技术研究

通过对石化企业工业污水进行曝气生物滤池、连续微滤、反渗透等深度处理,使出水满足工业化用水的水质要求,从而得以回用。     

Refractories for the slide gates for molten steel

Conclusions A variety of refractories were subjected to testing in the slide gate of a 3-ton ladle. Nonoxygenous refractories are unsuitable for steel casting either because their thermal conductivity is too high or because they are not strong enough. Oxygen-containing materials developed cracks during the pouring operation so that they could be used only once.The refractories recommended for testing in a large-capacity ladle were periclase. corundum, and zircon types.The best results were obtained with periclase plates which permitted an entire melt to be poured within 1.5 h, during which the jet of molten steel was shut off 23 times.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 7, pp. 34–38, July, 1976.     

甘氨酸生产废液的治理回收技术

针对国内甘氨酸生产厂家排放的工业废水中含有多种污染物(一定量的氯化铵、少量的乌洛托品及微量的甘氨酸)的特点,提出采用多效真空降膜蒸发系统兼热泵技术回收废液中的氯化铵,回收氯化铵后排放的冷凝水进入冷凝水净化系统进行处理的综合治理方案。此工艺克服了采用常规蒸发技术从低浓度氯化铵废液中提取氯化铵带来的能耗大、对设备腐蚀性强的缺点,本项治理技术不仅解决了工业废水对环境的污染,而且有较高的经济效益。     

Modified techniques for preparing paper strips for the new Pi soil test for phosphorus

The P_i soil test, a new approach to measure plant-available P, uses strips of filter paper impregnated with iron oxide as a collector for P in the soil suspension. A modified method for impregnating the paper strips with iron oxide was developed by exposing the FeCl₃-treated paper to ammonia vapor instead of immersing it in NH₄OH solution. The paper strips prepared by the vapor technique had a more uniform deposit of iron oxide, and the P extracted from four soils ranging in pH from 4.5 to 8.2 and fertilized with two P sources and three rates correlated significantly with dry-matter yield (r = 0.751) of maize.The vapor technique was effective in preparing strips impregnated with both Fe and Al oxides. The ratio of Fe and Al on the strips was about the same as that in the solutions in which the papers were immersed. Strips containing iron oxide alone extracted more P than did strips containing both Fe and Al oxides. The dry-matter yield and P uptake of maize correlated significantly with P extracted by the strips impregnated with Fe, Al, or (Fe + Al) oxides. Phosphorus extracted by the paper impregnated with Fe oxide, and a mixture of Fe and Al oxide in the ratio of 2:1 correlated best with dry-matter yield (r = 0.751 and r = 0.736) and P uptake (r = 0.776 and r = 0.777).     

Targeting for CO2 emissions for Total Sites

This paper describes an approach based on the concepts of Pinch Technology for Total Site targeting for fuel and power. If specific CO₂ emissions for fuel and power are known, the approach will also target for CO₂ emissions for any given site in the industry. The approach takes account of the trade-offs between process fuel and steam, between steam, site fuel and cogeneration, and of fuel mix. A case study is described where an 18% reduction in global CO₂ emissions is possible through the correct use of these trade-offs.     

纺丝油剂用磷酸酯类单体分析方法

介绍了用于纺丝油剂用磷酸酯类单体的混合指示剂法、电位滴定法、核磁共振法、色谱法等分析方法,表述了各方法的优缺点,指出结合多种分析方法对该类单体进行分析是今后实现其结构和组成定量分析的方向。     

Criteria for the affinity of dyes for fibres

An equation was obtained for evaluating the thermodynamic affinity of a disperse dye for a fibre. Quantities Δh _D and K _D , which are functions of the composition of the dye bath, temperature, and state of the fibre material, can characterize the change in the affinity of the dye for the fibre when the dyeing conditions are varied.     

Requirements capture for colour information for design professionals

This article presents the results of a study that investigates the status of colour information use in the design process and generates ideas for a colour tool. Face‐to‐face interviews with senior designers and brand managers from the packaging and branding fields were conducted as the primary data collection method. The results are categorized into six topics: colour decision, types of colour information considered to be important in the design process, reasons for considering colour information important in the design process, current use of colour information, design professionals' preferences for existing colour tool types and data types and suggestions for a colour tool. It is concluded that there are problems with existing colour resources and tools regarding their availability and usefulness; there is a strong demand for a colour tool in the packaging design and branding processes. The insight from this work will help researchers, design professionals and colour tool developers to make informed decisions on the areas on which they should focus, how they should do so and why. This will facilitate better provisions and uptake of useful colour information for design professionals in the design process and strategy fields.