一种苦荞冻凝胶食品的研究与开发

以苦荞茶和褐藻膳食纤维粉为主要原料,采用单因素试验和正交试验,结合质构仪测定指标和感官评价研制一种苦荞冻凝胶食品。以产品凝胶强度和感官得分为指标,通过单因素和正交试验优化出苦荞冻的最佳配方和制作工艺。结果表明,最佳配方为褐藻膳食纤维粉1.8%,成型剂添加量1.1%,苦荞茶汤添加60%(浸提比为1∶60)。按照此配方制作的产品具有很好的苦荞风味,凝胶强度和感官评分最高,具有很好的营养价值。     

茉莉花苦荞茶饮料加工工艺研究

以丽江苦荞茶为原料,开发营养丰富的茉莉花苦荞茶饮料,研究茉莉花苦荞茶饮料的加工工艺,为苦荞茶的深加工提供一定的参考。茉莉花、苦荞茶经过浸提,通过一定的配比调配成茉莉花苦荞茶饮料。对茉莉花苦荞茶饮料加工过程及工艺参数进行研究,通过感官评分和方差分析确定茉莉花苦荞茶饮料配方及最佳加工工艺。试验结果表明:茉莉花0.4%,苦荞茶6%,蔗糖6%,柠檬酸0.04%,蜂蜜0.5%的配比得到的茉莉花苦荞茶品质最佳。     

模糊数学综合评价法优化苦荞茶新配方

针对当前苦荞茶产品种类单一,风味营养功能成分缺失的技术难题,优选风味保健功能俱佳的紫鹃茶、苦丁茶、明日叶提取物配制成混合溶液,以喷雾方式对热苦荞粒进行强化,采用模糊数学感官评价方法筛选出三种新型苦荞茶最优配方。结果表明:1号苦荞茶新产品的最优配方为紫鹃茶、苦丁茶和明日叶提取物三者混合比例4∶1∶2,混合液浓度1%,喷雾量与物料比0.5∶1;2号苦荞茶新产品的最优配方为紫鹃茶和苦丁茶提取物的混合比例3∶2,混合液浓度0.5%,喷雾量与物料比2∶1;3号苦荞茶新产品的最优配方为明日叶和苦丁茶提取物的混合比例2∶1,混合液浓度0.5%,喷雾量与物料比1∶1。     

活性肽荞茶饮料配方研究

试验以苦荞麦为基本原料,研究活性肽荞茶饮料配方。根据食品的感官属性——色、香、味、形的特性来设计活性肽荞茶饮料感官评价标准,通过单因素试验筛选苦荞茶的添加量为5%、蜂蜜的添加量为4%、苦荞麦活性肽添加量为1.5%,根据单因素结果进行正交试验确定饮料最佳的配方,即苦荞麦活性肽添加量为1.5%、苦荞茶添加量为5%、蜂蜜的添加量为5%。为了保证饮料的口感及保存时间,灭菌条件选择105℃,20 min为最佳。在食品安全方面,采用平板计数法检测饮料,初步检测尚未出现菌落。采用DPPH自由基清除法检测得出饮品DPPH自由基清除率达到65.42%,说明活性肽荞茶饮料具有较强的抗氧化功能。     

贵州特色苦荞食品黄酮与免疫调节作用评价

对贵州苦荞茶、米、面粉、挂面以及荞羹5种特色荞食的黄酮进行分析,并综合评价其免疫调节作用,旨为区域性特色食品研发与推广提供数据支撑。通过检测,5类荞食黄酮含量差异较大,其中荞茶总黄酮含量最高,达19.83 mg/g;芦丁19.04 mg/g、槲皮素0.67 mg/g、山奈酚-3-O-芸香糖苷0.12 mg/g;对环磷酰胺构建的免疫低下模型小鼠定量灌胃各类荞食醇提物10 d,结果表明苦荞茶醇提物对小鼠免疫调节作用最强;综合评价5种贵州特色荞食的小鼠免疫调节作用,5类食品均有免疫正向调节作用,且与黄酮含量呈极显著正相关(P0.01),其能力依次为苦荞茶苦荞米苦荞面粉苦荞羹苦荞挂面。     

L-阿拉伯糖苦荞茶吸吸冻制作工艺优化及控糖作用

本文以吸吸冻A粉(海藻膳食纤维粉)为载体,以凉山苦荞茶、L-阿拉伯糖为主要功能原料,开发一款控糖吸吸冻产品。通过单因素实验和正交试验,确定了影响L-阿拉伯糖苦荞茶吸吸冻品质的主次因素,依次为吸吸冻A粉(海藻膳食纤维粉)用量 > 凉山苦荞糊用量 > 成型剂用量 > L-阿拉伯糖用量,通过感官评价确定了L-阿拉伯糖苦荞茶吸吸冻最佳工艺配方为:凉山苦荞糊12%,吸吸冻A粉(海藻膳食纤维粉)0.3%,成型剂0.14%,L-阿拉伯糖8%。依此制作的吸吸冻感官评分结果为91.4±0.5分,具有丰富的苦荞风味、爽滑细腻、易于吸食以及降低空腹血糖等特点,可为新型健康吸吸冻产品的开发提供参考。     

麸皮茶工艺研究及风味成分分析

该实验以麸皮为主要原料,辅以玉米须、葡萄籽,对麸皮进行超声破碎及蒸煮处理制备麸皮茶,以感官评分和DPPH自由基清除能力为指标,对制备工艺进行优化。结果表明:麸皮茶制备的最佳工艺为,麸皮超声30min后,在90℃下蒸煮40 min、再添加粉碎好的玉米须和葡萄籽各20 g(以麸皮添加量100 g为基准),经过微波干燥即得产品。该条件制备的麸皮茶感官品质良好,抗氧化活性高于市售常见的粮食茶如大麦茶和苦荞茶。麸皮茶中共检测出57种香气物质,其中含量较高的成分为醛类(56.75%),呋喃类(13.52%),吡嗪及其同分异构体嘧啶类(14.19%),酮类(3.07%),这些成分与大麦茶、苦荞茶的风味成分有很高的相似度,提示麸皮茶具有一般粮食茶的风味特点。     

蒸煮和焙炒整米苦荞茶香气成分分析及生产过程中主要化学成分的去向

为探索焙炒、蒸煮与重组造粒加工工艺对苦荞茶香气和营养成分的影响,跟踪检测3种工艺中各组分主要营养成分的流向分布,并采用固相微萃取结合气质联用技术对苦荞茶产品的挥发性香气成分进行对比分析。结果表明,不同工艺所得产物的营养功效成分存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。按蒸煮米工艺生产苦荞茶,蛋白质主要集中分布在黄粉中,含量为27.51g/100g;还原性糖含量从原料的0.69%降为产品的0.28%;功能性成分总黄酮主要分布在抛光粉和黄粉中,含量分别为4.98%和4.63%;由于总黄酮的流向分布使得苦荞茶成品的含量降为1.38%,按焙炒、造粒工艺生产苦荞茶,其中焙炒荞粒总黄酮仅为1.29%,用富含黄酮(4.56%)的苦荞皮粉重组的含茶荞粒,其总黄酮含量高达6.87%,两者混合后成品品质与风味显著优于按蒸煮米工艺生产的苦荞茶。从挥发性香气物质看,蒸煮米工艺苦荞茶以烷烃和烯类为主,而焙炒工艺苦荞茶则以醛类和烷烃为主,且还富含苯酚、醇类、醚类、酮类和酯类,这是焙炒苦荞茶风味优于蒸煮米苦荞茶的原因。     

苦荞茶魔芋保健果冻工艺配方研究

以苦荞茶和魔芋粉为原料,采用单因素试验和响应面法,结合感官评价和理化指标研究苦荞茶魔芋保健果冻的制作工艺。最佳制作工艺参数为:茶水比1∶50(g/m L),苦荞茶汁用量57%,白砂糖用量20%,凝胶剂(魔芋粉∶黄原胶∶卡拉胶=2∶3∶1,质量比)用量1.0%,氯化钾0.1%。该条件下研制出的果冻色泽均匀,口感细腻,风味独特,具有一定的营养价值和保健功能。     

不同品种苦荞蛋白的复合酶解及其多肽抗氧化活性

为研究不同苦荞多肽的抗氧化活性,开发相关产品,提高苦荞的附加值。该试验通过碱提酸沉酶辅助的方法提取苦荞蛋白质,再经由胰蛋白酶与碱性蛋白酶复合酶水解苦荞蛋白,利用响应面优化得到两种酶复合的最佳酶解条件为蛋白浓度5 mg/mL、酶添加量0.1%、碱性蛋白酶与胰蛋白酶质量比1∶3、酶解pH7.5、酶解温度55℃、酶解时间3 h。对复合酶解多肽产物进行抗氧化活性测定,结果表明,川荞1号和云苦3号的超氧阴离子自由基清除率较高,分别为97.23%、96.45%;而川荞1号和米荞对ABTS+自由基和DPPH自由基均表现出较高的清除能力。对ABTS+自由基清除能力分别为51.54%和54.41%;对DPPH自由基的清除能力分别为87.35%和84.91%。迪苦2号和川荞1号对羟基自由基清除率较高,分别为90.47%、91.32%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the