新型磷酸酯的合成及萃取性能研究

采用芳香基酚与P_2O_5酯化反应,制备新型磷酸酯萃取剂,并对其在高浓度硫酸体系下萃镓性能进行研究。实验表明,最佳合成条件为:(1)酯化反应:n(P_2O_5)/n(辛基酚)=4∶3,反应时间4 h,反应温度75℃,溶剂用量V(环己烷)(L)/n(P_2O_5)(mol)=1∶1;(2)水解反应:加入水量n(H_2O)=0.75n(P_2O_5),水解时间1.5 h。在此条件下,磷酸酯收率99%。磷酸酯萃取剂用于锌湿法冶炼渣的硫酸浸出液(H_2SO_420¹00 g/L)萃取,可选择性萃取Ga,Ga单级萃取率80%以上,2级萃取97%以上,实现Ga与Zn、Cu、Ge分离。     

新型磷酸酯的合成及萃取性能研究

采用芳香基酚与P_2O_5酯化反应,制备新型磷酸酯萃取剂,并对其在高浓度硫酸体系下萃镓性能进行研究。实验表明,最佳合成条件为:(1)酯化反应:n(P_2O_5)/n(辛基酚)=4∶3,反应时间4 h,反应温度75℃,溶剂用量V(环己烷)(L)/n(P_2O_5)(mol)=1∶1;(2)水解反应:加入水量n(H_2O)=0.75n(P_2O_5),水解时间1.5 h。在此条件下,磷酸酯收率99%。磷酸酯萃取剂用于锌湿法冶炼渣的硫酸浸出液(H_2SO_420~100 g/L)萃取,可选择性萃取Ga,Ga单级萃取率80%以上,2级萃取97%以上,实现Ga与Zn、Cu、Ge分离。     

一种新型环氧树脂的合成及性能研究

以3-氯丙烯和苯酚为主要原料，合成了由1，2－二（2-羟基苯基）丙烷和1-（2-羟基苯基）-2-（4-羟基苯基）丙烷组成的混合物，以下简称为双酚P。然后，用双酚P和环氧氯丙烷为原料合成双酚P型环氧树脂。测定了25～60℃时双酚P型环氧树脂的粘度和固化材料的压缩强度、冲击强度。结果表明，双酚P型环氧树脂的粘度低于环氧值相近的E-44环氧树脂，其固化材料的压缩强度和冲击强度都高于E-44固化材料。     

聚苯硫醚合成中助剂的研究

根据聚苯硫酸合成中反应液的颜色变和产物的得率，选择了合理的助剂配方，有效抑制了硫化钠的氧化。提高了反应物的活性，使产物得率提高至９６．４２％。     

新型磷磺酸阻垢分散剂的合成及性能研究

以牛磺酸、甲醛和三氯化磷为原料合成了一种新型磷磺酸阻垢分散剂(代号YSS97)，并对其阻垢性能进行了评价。结果表明，YSS-97的阻碳酸钙垢、磷酸钙垢和稳定锌盐、分散氧化铁等性能方面优于氨基三甲叉膦酸(ATMP)和AA／AMPS共聚物，是一种性能优良的阻垢分散剂。     

支化结构不饱和聚酯的合成及性能研究

以乙二醇、季戊四醇(丙三醇)、反丁烯二酸为原料合成了含支化结构的不饱和聚酯(RP),对产物进行了红外表征,并通过GPC、DSC和TGA测试对其性能进行了研究。结果表明,季戊四醇(丙三醇)用量为反丁烯二酸物质的量的5%为宜,最佳反应温度为190～200℃,RP树脂数均分子质量为线形UP树脂的5倍左右。RP树脂相比UP树脂固化快,其最大放热温度、热稳定性和冲击性能均有所提高,其中冲击强度提高33%。此外,丙三醇型RP树脂较季戊四醇型反应易于控制,反应程度高。     

CFRP界面胶接性能的研究

本文主要对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料与金属铝的界面胶接问题进行了研究。对胶粘剂中的环氧树脂、增韧剂及胶接工艺方法进行了一系列的对比试验，从而选择出适用于实际工艺生产的胶粘剂。     

聚烯烃新型加工助剂

美国Du Pont Dow Elastomer公司在4月份比利时布鲁塞尔举行的2002年欧洲塑料添加剂会议(Addplast Europe 2002)上首次公开宣布了其新开发的氟弹性体系添加剂,添加剂是用于改进PO(聚烯烃)挤出加工性能。     

一种新型聚合物电解质中离子传递及界面性质研究

合成了聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯腈-甲基丙烯酸锂）（简记为PMAML）聚合物基质材料,以PMAML和聚偏氟 乙烯混合物为基质制备了新型复合聚合物电解质,其中增塑剂为碳酸乙烯酯和碳酸二甲酯,锂盐是LiBF4。用刮刀 在玻璃板上涂膜得到取合物膜,把聚合物基质膜在电解质溶液中浸渍后成为聚合物电解质膜。采用限制扩散方法测 试了电解质中离子的扩散系数,由稳态极化法测得了迁移数。所制聚合物电解质中锂离子的扩散系数和迁移数分别为 2.67×10-7cm2·s-1和0.53。通过交流阻抗技术研究了聚合物电解质与电极间界面性质,Li/GPE/Li的界面阻抗随放置 时间延长而增大,Li/GPE/MPCF的界面阻抗随电极的电位降低而减小。组装了聚合物电解质锂离子电池,测试结果表 明,该聚合物电解质具有较好的离子传输性质和电化学性能,能用作锂离子电池的电解质。     

Relationship Between Some Mechanical Strengths of CFRP and Interfacial Properties

The relationships between microscopic properties such as interfacial shear strength (IFSS) and macroscopic properties such as flexural strength were investigated for CFRP prepared from carbon fiber and epoxy resin. Flexural, tensile and impact strengths all went through maximum values when plotted against the surface treatment time of the carbon fiber. The flexural strength of CFRP as a function of the treatment time of the carbon fiber behaved similarly to the adhesive strength of the resin and carbon fiber. Also, the results indicated that the bahavior of tensile and impact strengths varied with the treatment time in much the same way as the interfacial shear strength did. The occurrence of these two types of macroscopic and microscopic property effects can be understood by taking into account the chemical activity and roughness of the carbon fiber surface.     

沙特原油活性组分的结构对油水界面性质的影响

测定了从沙特原油中分离出的胶质和沥青质的红外、紫外光谱和相对分子质量。对含有胶质、沥青质的模拟油和模拟水体系,测定了其界面张力和界面剪切黏度。胶质和沥青质的相对分子质量分别为497和1 786;光谱分析结果表明,沥青质比胶质含有更多的芳香环结构。含胶质和沥青质体系的界面张力分别是33.205 8 mN/m、31.732 5 mN/m,相差不大。对于界面剪切黏度,沥青质体系远大于胶质体系,同在100 mg/L,胶质体系剪切速率在0-0.5 rad/s时,界面剪切黏度最大不超过0.002 5 mN/m,而沥青质体系剪切速率在0.3 rad/s下,界面剪切黏度最大值大于1.000 0 mN/m,并且其曲线具有吸附曲线的特征,沥青质体系具有较强的界面膜,其界面膜的形成经历了从液态扩张膜到液态凝聚膜的变化过程。界面膜强度的大小与界面活性物质的相对分子质量的大小和芳香环结构含量的多少有关。     

Experimental Investigation of Aluminum/Epoxy Interfacial Properties in Shear and Tension

This paper presents the results of comprehensive testing to characterize the effect of several different surface treatments on shear and tensile bond strength between 7075-T6 aluminum and two epoxy systems: EPON 815/V40 and EPON 828/Z. A rod pull-out test was used to determine interfacial shear strength, modeled after similar tests on reinforced concrete. The tensile bond strength was characterized using a tension test fixture designed in this study. Overall, the interfacial shear strengths were higher than the tension strengths. Surface knurling gave the highest interfacial shear strength, representing a 72% increase over untreated specimens. Phosphoric acid anodization (PAA) was also quite effective in shear. In tension, the highest strength was obtained from specimens treated with the PAA process along with a silane coupling agent. These specimens showed an increase in interfacial tensile strength by a factor of 5.6.     

Conceptualizing Physical and Chemical Interactions in the Compatibilized HDPE/PA6 and HDPE/EVOH Pairs: Theoretical and Experimental Analyses

Physical/chemical interaction in blends of high-density polyethylene with polyamide 6 and polyethylene-co-vinyl alcohol compatibilized with maleic anhydride-grafted high-density polyethylene was discussed. The performance of maleic anhydride-grafted high-density polyethylene was assessed by domain size variation and interfacial adhesion examination. Analysis of impact strength elucidated physical interaction improvement by compatibilization (entanglements and hydrogen bonding), while chemical reactions between ?OH and ?NH (from polyethylene-co-vinyl alcohol and polyamide 6, respectively) and ?COOH functional groups resulting from ring-opening of maleic anhydride determined interfacial adhesion reinforcement, where interfacial adhesion parameter changed from 0.75 for noncompatibilized to 0.96 compatibilized high-density polyethylene/polyamide 6, but remained unchanged for high-density polyethylene/polyethylene-co-vinyl alcohol blends, from 0.98 to 1.02.     

烷基苯磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂的结构与界面性质

以烷基酰氯为原料,经傅克酰基化反应、格林反应、催化氢化还原及磺化、中和等步骤,合成了10-4-10、12-4-12和10-6-10(10和12代表疏水基碳数,4和6代表连接基团碳数)3种不同结构的双烷基双苯双磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂,并用核磁共振氢谱和电喷雾质谱对产物进行了结构鉴定。用旋滴法测定了其水溶液与正庚烷的界面张力,发现磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂的CMC比对应的传统的表面活性剂的CMC低两个数量级,并且随着疏水基碳数或连接基团碳数的增加而降低。10-4-10、12-4-12和10-6-10的饱和吸附面积(Amin)分别为0.23、0.35和0.97 nm2,饱和吸附量(Γmax)分别为7.37×10-10、4.65×10-10和1.72×10-10mol/cm2,临界胶束浓度下的界面张力(γCMC)分别为3.60、3.06和1.89 mN/m。     

Characterization and Electrical Properties of Poly(aniline-co-2,4-dimethoxyaniline) Nanostructures Prepared by Interfacial Polymerization

Copolymer nanofibers of aniline and 2,4-dimethoxyaniline were chemically synthesized in various molar ratios of the comonomers by aqueous/organic phase interfacial oxidative polymerization in the presence of acid dopant. UV–visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, ¹H NMR measurements, and TGA were used to confirm the molecular structure of the doped copolymers. Morphology of synthesized copolymer nanostructures was investigated using transmission electron microscope, which indicate the formation of one-dimensional (1D) nanofibers with average diameter of 4–10 nm. The conductivity of the nanofibers increased significantly with increased proportion of aniline in the copolymer.     

碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮的非等温结晶行为与力学性能

利用聚酰亚胺(PI)作为碳纤维(CF)界面改性剂,制备了界面改性碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮(MCF/PEEK)复合材料。采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)讨论了CF及其界面改性对PEEK非等温结晶行为的影响机制与作用规律,并基于莫志深法研究了MCF/PEEK的非等温结晶动力学;借助DSC和小角X射线散射仪(SAXS)表征不同降温速率下PEEK基体的结晶结构,采用万能试验机评价了MCF/PEEK的力学性能。结果发现:CF对PEEK的结晶有较为明显的异相成核促进作用,经过PI界面改性之后成核作用有所下降,但结晶行为仍较纯PEEK更容易发生,整体结晶速率更快;随冷却速率的增大,基体结晶度、片晶厚度与长周期均减小,MCF/PEEK的拉伸强度与模量也显著减小,层间断裂韧性提高。     

两个新的苯并噻唑衍生物的合成与光物理性质

以苯并噻唑、苯乙酰基和吡啶阳离子为电子受体，二乙烯基苯为共轭桥，合成了两个新的A-π-A’型苯并噻唑衍生物：4-（2-苯并噻唑）-乙烯基查尔酮（1）和4-{4-[2-（苯并噻唑）乙烯基]苯乙烯基}-N-甲基吡啶碘盐（2）．研究了它们在溶液和固体基质中的光物理性质．研究发现：染料2由于具有较强的极性和较好的平面性，从而具有较长的吸收、发射峰和较强的荧光发射．有机染料在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯／溶胶-凝胶复合玻璃中的发光行为与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和溶胶-凝胶玻璃二者的基质性质有关，同时由于固体基质中分子发生聚集的可能性降低，荧光强度相对于同浓度溶液增强，稳定性提高．