APG的合成及其在纺织行业中的应用

APG是一类性能优良的非离子表面活性剂，且对皮肤无刺激，易生物降解，配伍性能好，可作为主表面活性剂或有效成分应用于新型环保型纺织助剂当中。概括了APG及其衍生物的合成和性能，对APG在纺织工业中的应用加以论述。提出了开发含APG的新型纺织助剂是当前纺织助剂工业的重点。     

聚丙烯/弹性体/滑石粉/硫酸钡复合材料的研究

研究了弹性体，滑石粉、BaSO4等助剂及界面改性剂对复合材料力学性能和冲击断面形态的影响，还研究了抗氧剂，制备工艺对界面改性效果的影响，结果表明：滑石粉和BaSO4并用可以使复合材料有较好的综合性能，界面改性剂可以有效的提高复合材料的冲击强度，且复合材料制备工艺对界面改性效果有较大影响。     

Janus微纳粒子的制备

表面活性剂是工业领域中非常重要的一类助剂。然而,分离回收是其面临的一个重大挑战。Janus粒子作为一类新兴的界面活性材料,在结构或性能等方面具有不对称性,不仅具有类似于表面活性剂分子的界面活性,同时由于其质量的显著增加,有可能克服表面活性剂的上述问题,成为表面活性剂的替代产品。文章就现有的Janus粒子主要的制备方法进行了简要的概述,如:模板法、相分离法、乳液聚合法、自组装法、湿化学法和微流控法。并对今后制备Janus粒子的发展方向进行了展望。     

工艺助剂在双基系推进剂中的应用研究

探讨了某有机化合物在双基系推进剂吸收工艺中的作用机理，用一系列实验研究了此工艺助剂对推进剂燃烧性能的影响，结果表明：该类有机化合物可广泛应用于双基体系推进剂，它既有利于吸收过程的完成又能改善燃烧过程。     

水性涂料中无机增稠剂的应用及研究

涂料助剂在涂料中的用量很少，但能屁著提高涂料性能，已成为涂料不可缺少的组成部分。水性涂料常用的助剂有成膜助剂、增稠剂、分散剂、润湿剂、消泡剂、增塑剂、防霉杀菌剂等。增稠剂是一种流变助剂，不仅可以使涂料增稠，防止施工中出现流挂现象，而且能赋予涂料优异的机械性能和贮存稳定性。对于黏度较低的水性涂料来说，是非常重要的一类助剂。     

烃类加工助剂（CmHn）

烃类加工助剂主要有石蜡、精白蜡和凡士林等。前两者用作抗臭氧剂的效果要比用作润滑的效果好。该类加工助剂的外部润滑作用要比内部润滑作用的效果显著，可提高胶料的压出、注射等加工性能，但应控制用量以免引起喷霜。     

发刊词

塑料助剂是一类十分重要的精细化学品。塑料制品性能的改善和提高,塑料加工技术的革新,都对塑料助剂提出了新的更高的要求。我们江苏省化学助剂科学技术情报站成立二十多年来,一直致力     

关于影响Foron RD染料相容性因素的探讨

本文研究了助剂对ＦｏｒｏｎＲＤ染料界面移染率、扩散系数、溶解度等性能参数的影响，探讨了这些性能参数的改变与染料相容性的关系。研究表明，影响相容性较主要的因素是染料的溶解度，助剂对染料增溶的大小，而染料的界面移染率、扩散系数的大小对相容性影响不大。     

一种新的填料分散技术(一)

增强聚合物的性能不仅依赖于填料特性,还和填料的分散以及在聚合物-填料界面产生的相互作用有关。通过使用一种分散助剂和一些偶联剂,可以优化复合材料的最终性能。今天,硅烷被广泛用作偶联剂和增粘剂,而且还作为填料分散助剂用于聚合物基体中。道康宁(Dow Corning)公司的Valerie Smits、Pierre Chevalier、Damien Deheunynck和Scott Miller概述了硅烷处理对复合材料性能的影响,并介绍了分散助剂的新产品系列。     

甲醇水蒸气重整制氢催化剂最佳组成的确定

对采用共沉淀法制备的CuZn(Zr，Ce)AlO类铜系催化剂在甲醇水蒸气重整(SRM)制氢反应中的性能进行了研究．首先考察了助剂ZrO2和CeO2对CuZnAlO催化剂反应性能的影响，然后重点采用正交设计的方法设计催化剂配伍，应用多指标实验设计中极差分析和方差分析的原理，对因素与指标之间的关系及显著性水平进行了研究，最终确定了该类催化剂的最佳组成.     

添加剂对柴油机润滑油油水界面性质及乳状液稳定性的影响

测定了柴油机油模拟油/蒸馏水体系的界面张力、界面剪切粘度和乳状液稳定性。结果表明,含有添加剂T154的柴油机油模拟油与蒸馏水间的界面张力明显低于无添加剂的体系的界面张力,界面剪切粘度增加,乳状液特性值比模拟油/蒸馏水体系稍大,乳状液稳定性增加;添加剂T109却使模拟油与蒸馏水体系的界面张力增大,界面剪切粘度降低,乳状液特性值比模拟油/蒸馏水体系小,乳状液稳定性降低,有一定的破乳作用。     

Effects of water-soluble polymers and aqueous-phase viscosity on the interfacial tension behavior of reacting oil–alkaline systems

This study presents the results of an experimental study of the effects of water-soluble polymer additives on the dynamic interfacial tension behavior of reacting oil–aqueous systems as measured by the spinning drop tensiometer. Polymer additives can exert both a direct physico-chemical effect and an indirect viscosity effect on the measured interfacial tension. This work, which complements an earlier study dealing with the effects of oil-soluble polymer additives, reveals that the nominal effects of aqueous-phase viscosity are opposite to those of oil-phase viscosity. In particular, an increase in aqueous-phase viscosity produces an increase in the rate of increase of the apparent interfacial tension after attainment of the minimum value. These differences are explained in terms of the dependence of diffusion rates and interfacial adsorption on aqueous-phase viscosity. The conclusion of principal practical interest is that although aqueous-phase viscosity exerts only a small effect on the dynamic interfacial tension at small times (i.e., prior to attainment of the minimum value) it exerts a very significant effect thereafter. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

H2SO4-catalyzed isobutane alkylation under low temperatures promoted by long-alkyl-chain surfactant additives

To deeply understand the role of surfactants on the acid/C4 hydrocarbon miscibility, the catalytic activity and molecular-level interfacial properties of long-alkyl-chain cationic surfactants (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, CATB and dihexadecyldimethylammoniumchloride, DDAB) and anionic one (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, SDBS) were studied as additives for H₂SO₄ alkylation using experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. Surfactant additives are found to efficiently decrease by-products and promote higher selectivity of trimethylpentanes (TMPs) and higher research octane number (RON), which is attributed to the improvement of acid/hydrocarbons interface, including better interfacial dispersion, higher I/O ratio, and lower interfacial tension. Surfactant additives show an interfacial intensification, quite different from intrinsic reaction intensification by low temperature. Combination of SDBS additive and lower temperature contributes to significantly higher TMP selectivity and higher RON up to 84.20 wt% and 99.07 at 269.2 K from 60.21 wt% and 94.34 at 281.2 K, respectively. The information provides good reference for the industrial H₂SO₄ alkylation.     

一种含羧基表面活性剂HDXA界面特性研究

通过系统研究一种含羧基表面活性剂HDXA的界面张力特性,表明在一定条件下,该表面活性剂在0.05%~0.4%的范围内可形成10-3mN/m数量级的超低界面张力,添加剂的加入能使油水界面快速的达到最低界面张力,其中最低界面张力和稳定界面张力值均低于单一表面活性剂体系,活性剂HDXA浓度不同时,最佳添加剂浓度也随之改变。不同活性剂浓度达到最低界面张力及稳态界面张力的时间也不同,随着浓度的增大依次缩短。     

制备聚酰胺复合膜中界面聚合反应添加剂研究进展

聚酰胺复合膜以其优良的稳定性及良好的分离选择性成为水处理和化工分离领域应用范围最广的分离材料之一。聚酰胺复合膜一般采用界面聚合法制备,由于界面聚合反应活性高、反应参数多,致使界面层结构难以控制,膜的渗透性或选择性不理想。因此,如何有效调控膜结构,实现膜的高渗透性或选择性是目前面临的重要挑战。近期诸多研究表明,在水相或有机相中引入添加剂可以改变油水界面张力进而调控单体界面扩散速率及界面分布,或通过改变反应机理影响聚合反应速率,最终实现对界面层结构和膜性能的调控。本文从添加剂种类、性质和调控作用等角度总结了近年来添加剂对复合膜结构及性能调控的研究进展,分析了现有研究存在的问题,并建议从微观层面探究界面过程的物理化学性质以及开发高时间分辨率原位表征方法等。     

Flax fibre reinforced polylactic acid composites with amphiphilic additives

Abstract

Biocomposites were successfully prepared by reinforcing polylactic acid with flax fibres (PF). To improve the interfacial adhesion between the matrix and the fibres, amphiphilic compounds as additives were introduced. Structural and thermal characterisations of the PF were performed by Fourier transform infrared spectra, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The interfacial adhesion between the fibres and the matrix was visually assessed from the SEM images of fractured specimens. Dynamic mechanicalthermal analysis was performed to evaluate the damping behaviour of the composites and thereby to interpret the interfacial adhesion between fibres and the matrix. It was observed that in the case of mandelic acid, particles/spheres were generated, resulting in effective stress transfer from the matrix resins to flax fibres, thereby increasing the storage modulus and impact strength of the composites. Mechanical properties and the water uptake of the composites with amphiphilic additives have also been reported.     

锂离子电池高压电解液研究进展

传统碳酸酯类电解液在高压(>4.3 V, vs. Li/Li+)下易发生氧化分解反应,导致锂离子电池不可逆容量增加、循环性能下降. 为解决这一问题,需从理论和实验两方面对电解液溶剂、锂盐、添加剂及其基本组成等进行针对性设计. 耐高压溶剂是提升电解液稳定性的关键因素之一,既经济又有效,添加高浓锂盐是近年来研究较多的可提升电解液电化学窗口和循环稳定性的新策略. 本工作从耐高压溶剂、高压添加剂和高浓锂盐三方面综述了近几年锂离子电池高压电解液的研究进展.     

Interfacial adhesion in polyethylene–kaolin composites: Improvement by maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene

Polyethylene–kaolin composites were investigated with a special emphasis on the control of the interfacial adhesion. Both matrix and filler were modified for this purpose. A stearic acid and maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene were used as potential interfacial agents and the efficiency of aminosilane-surface-treated kaolin was considered. Tensile strength, elongation, impact strength, and melt index were currently measured in relation to the processing conditions. Enhanced interfacial filler-polymer adhesion progressively results in an decreased melt index. This has been clearly shown by comparing the effect of two polymeric additives to the polymer matrix, i.e., a maleic anhydride-grafted HDPE (MAGPE) and an unmodified HDPE of a similar melt index. Compared to low molecular weight additives, such as stearic acid and aminosilane, MAGPE has proved to be a very efficient additive in improving the impact resistance of HDPE–kaolin composites even at low contents. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Effects of deep eutectic solvents on H2SO4-catalyzed alkylation: Combining experiment and molecular dynamics simulation

To enhance the catalytic performance of H₂SO₄-catalyzed alkylation, various catalytic additives have drawn considerable attentions. Herein, the effects of deep eutectic solvent (DES) additives on catalytic performance and the interfacial properties of H₂SO₄ alkylation were systematically investigated using experimental methods and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Experimental results indicate that DESs with the optimal concentration about 1.0 wt% can efficiently improve C₈ selectivity and research octane number of alkylate, especially at low temperature, but contribute less to the lifetime of H₂SO₄. MD results reveal that the phenyl molecules of DESs additives play a major role in enhancing interfacial properties of H₂SO₄ alkylation, including enlargement of interfacial thickness, promotion of isobutane relative solubility and diffusion to butene, which is probably the main reason for the better quality of alkylate. This work gives a good guideline for the design of novel DESs for H₂SO₄ alkylation.