采用Aspen Plus软件对壳牌气化制甲醇工艺中CO变换装置的模拟

采用Aspen Plus工程软件对利用壳牌粉煤气化生产甲醇过程中的CO变换工段进行模拟。根据壳牌煤气化粗合成气气组成及CO变换工段的高温高压条件,采用RK-ASPEN物性方法和ELECNRTL物性方法,采用RSTOIC反应器模型模拟CO变换炉,当CO变换率为67.74%时,出变换炉气体干气中的CO物质的量含量可以控制为22.95%。当进入变换炉的粗合成气占总气量的71.13%时,出变换工段的混合气体中CO物质的量的含量为21%~24%。     

焦炉煤气制乙二醇低能耗工艺研究

基于Aspen Plus流程模拟软件,完成以煤为原料的煤焦化、煤气重整和乙二醇合成等工段的全流程模拟,采用反应精馏技术设计了年产20万t焦炉煤气制乙二醇工艺。模拟结果表明乙二醇产品纯度为99.92%,回收率为98.90%,其计算结果与文献值吻合,产品达到了聚酯级标准。     

影响变换工段蒸汽消耗的因素——热水循环量与变换气汽气比

合成氨生产过程中,造气工段的蒸汽消耗量最多,但造气工艺过程本身的热平衡决定了蒸汽消耗量与制气量之比的波动范围有限。半水煤气变换过程的蒸汽消耗量,由于变换气的汽气比和饱和热水塔对热能的回收效率在较大范围内波动,因而变换工段的吨氨耗汽量     

合成氨原料气改为乙二醇原料气的技术改造

正1技术改造背景我公司300 kt/a合成氨装置采用德士古炉制气,粗煤气经变换、低温甲醇洗、液氮洗等净化,净化气去合成工段进行合成氨反应。随着精细化工市场的不断发展,以CO和H2为原料的精细化工产品需求量不断增加,以CO和H2生产精细化工产品的附加价值远高于生产合成氨;淮化集团2010年建成的千吨级煤基合成气制乙二醇中试装置在2011年通过了由中国石油和化学工业联合会组织的72 h现场连续运行考核,考核期间,装置平均负荷达到97%,产品质量     

净化黄磷尾气CO变换制氢最佳工艺条件选择

为选择含高体积分数CO净化黄磷尾气变换制氢最佳工艺条件,对影响其变换率的反应温度、空速、汽气体积分数比、CO2体积分数几个主要因素进行了综合研究。采用均匀设计方法,以B112型高温变换催化剂为例,对含高体积分数CO净化黄磷尾气变换工艺条件进行了系统研究。研究结果表明:影响其变换效率的因素由大到小依次为反应温度、空速、汽气体积分数比、CO2体积分数;通过模型优化及实验验证,结合工业实际,得到优化的工艺条件为反应温度490℃,空速为1 000 h-1,汽气体积分数比为2.5,CO2体积分数为1%,可得CO变换率为88.9%;回归方程模型高度显著可信。     

低温甲醇洗与甲烷深冷回收相结合工艺的研究

本文阐述了低温甲醇洗工艺在鲁奇炉煤气制甲醇工艺流程中气体净化工段的应用以及深冷回收甲烷的新方法.传统的合成甲醇工艺为在原料气体经过净化后进入甲烷转化装置,而本设计流程省去了甲烷转化装置,得到了较纯净的甲烷副产品,可作为国内LPC燃料和天然气的替代和补充.采用低温甲醇洗工艺和深冷分离相结合的工艺流程,有效地脱除了H2S和CO2,回收了合成甲醇工段的惰性气体甲烷.本文用通用流程模拟软件对全流程进行了模拟和优化分析,设计出了更加节能的工艺流程.     

水煤浆气化制甲醇装置变换工段工业运行分析

结合陕西神木化学工业有限公司水煤浆气化制甲醇装置变换工段的工业生产实际情况,通过对变换工艺的选择,确定了全气量变换工艺方案;通过对变换催化剂的比较,确定选用QDB-04耐硫变换催化剂。工业应用情况表明,对于水煤浆气化制甲醇装置变换工段,选择全气量变换方案是可行的,在装置运行期间,变换炉入口水/气为0.50~0.60,入口温度210℃~260℃,床层热点温度不超过460℃,装置运行平稳,无甲烷化副反应发生,满足甲醇合成生产的要求。     

中新变换在开车过程中出现的问题及处理

新乡中新化工有限责任公司350 kt/a甲醇装置采用HT-L干粉煤加压气化技术,针对粗煤气中CO含量高以及甲醇合成对气体氢碳比的要求,采用了低水气比耐硫变换工艺,催化剂选用青岛联信的QDB-04型催化剂。自2011年9月试运行以来,变换工段出现过一系列问题,现将这些问题及处理情况简述如下。     

合成氨原料气改为乙二醇原料气的技术改造

1技术改造背景我公司300kt／a合成氨装置采用德士古炉制气,粗煤气经变换、低温甲醇洗、液氮洗等净化,净化气去合成工段进行合成氨反应。随着精细化工市场的不断发展,以CO和H2为原料的精细化工产品需求量不断增加,以CO和H2生产精细化工产品的附加价值远高于生产合成氨;淮化集团2010年建成的千吨级煤基合成气制乙二醇中试装置在2011年通过了由中国石油和化学工业联合会组织的72h现场连续运行考核,考核期间,装置平均负荷达到97％,产品质量稳定,原料消耗指标均达到设计值,且该乙二醇中间试验装置是具有自主知识产权的创新技术,具备合成气制乙二醇工业示范的条件。     

净化气补CO_2提高甲醇合成转化率的技术改造

针对解化化工公司因低温甲醇洗出口净化气中的CO2含量偏低,影响甲醇合成转化率及粗甲醇产量的问题,进行了技术改造。通过将合成氨厂低温甲醇洗装置出CO2再生塔的CO2送入甲醇合成工段低温甲醇洗净化气管,达到提高入甲醇合成塔合成气中CO2含量的目的。运行结果表明,净化气补入CO2后,甲醇合成塔合成气中CO2体积分数提高至3%,甲醇合成转化率提高了4%,粗甲醇耗净化气量明显下降。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.