不饱和聚酯/聚氨酯互穿网络聚合物基玻璃纤维增强材料的研究

研究了以不饱和聚酯/聚氨酯互穿网络聚合物为基的玻璃纤维复合材料的动态热机械性能及应用性能.结果表明,在不饱和聚酯树脂中加入5%～10%的聚氨酯,使基质形成互穿网络,有利于提高由此得到的复合材料的性能.     

活性橡胶与蒙脱土复合增强不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维复合材料的结构与性能

制备了丙烯酸酯封端聚氨酯(ATPU)和改性蒙脱土(OMMT)复合增强不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等研究了ATPU和OMMT的复合对不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维复合材料的力学性能、热变形温度和结构的影响。结果表明,丙烯酸酯封端聚氨酯与改性蒙脱土的复合具有协同效应,可以大大提高不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维复合材料的冲击强度和拉伸强度,并使复合材料的弯曲强度、巴氏硬度和热变形温度略有提高;丙烯酸酯封端聚氨酯与改性蒙脱土的复合还提高了聚合物基体与玻璃纤维的界面粘合强度。     

不饱和聚酯树脂部分

不饱和／聚氨酯的改性研究。用红外扫描动态检测UP／TDI混合树脂的固化反应过程，分解固化的不饱和聚酯树脂和复合材料的方法，新型防腐蚀不饱和聚酯树脂的制备，自熄性不饱和聚酯树脂的研究(工业进展及新成果的简要综述文章)，用于电子绝缘材料的不饱和聚酯树脂新进展。     

有机累托石改性不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维复合材料的性能

采用有机累托石(OREC)改性不饱和聚酯,制备OREC改性的不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维三元复合材料,测试其力学性能,研究其耐介质性、耐紫外光老化性及耐热氧老化性能,并利用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析复合材料的微观结构,探讨OREC改性不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维复合材料的增强机理.结果表明,采用OREC能改善不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维复合材料的力学性能,当OREC的质量含量为2%时,所制备的复合材料的综合性能最佳,与未改性的不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维复合材料相比,弯曲强度增加了14.0%,弯曲模量增加了22.4%,层间剪切强度增加了8.2%,且改性后复合材料的耐水煮性能、耐碱性、耐紫外光性能及耐热氧老化性能均提高.     

树脂基体种类对三维中空夹芯织物复合材料力学性能影响的研究

以不饱和树脂和环氧树脂为基体,与三维中空织物分别复合成中空夹芯织物复合材料,利用万能材料试验机分别对2种复合材料的拉伸、压缩和弯曲性能进行测试,研究了树脂种类对复合材料力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:不饱和树脂与固化剂质量比为100∶2,固化温度为70℃时,复合材料具有最佳的拉伸、弯曲和压缩性能。环氧树脂基复合材料的弯曲和压缩性能远优于不饱和树脂基复合材料,而拉伸性能则相差不大。     

消泡剂聚二甲基硅氧烷对聚氨酯/SiC复合材料性能的影响

采用聚氨酯为胶体制备聚氨酯/SiC复合材料,研究消泡剂聚二甲基硅氧烷(PMDS)对聚氨酯/SiC复合材料粘接性能和冲蚀磨损性能的影响。结果表明:消泡剂可显著地提高改性聚氨酯/SiC复合材料的抗剪强度和抗拉强度,但对提高聚氨酯/SiC复合材料的抗弯强度没有明显作用;消泡剂的加入显著提高了改性聚氨酯/SiC复合材料的耐冲蚀磨损性能。     

盐雾环境中玻璃纤维/不饱和聚酯复合材料腐蚀深度对弯曲性能的影响

采用中性盐雾加速老化试验模拟海洋大气环境, 对玻璃纤维/不饱和聚酯复合材料在盐雾环境中的弯曲性能进行了研究。通过玻璃纤维/不饱和聚酯复合材料经盐雾加速老化后的吸湿率、玻璃化转变温度、巴氏硬度和弯曲性能的变化, 结合金相显微镜观测得到的腐蚀深度, 研究腐蚀深度对玻璃纤维/不饱和聚酯复合材料耐久性的影响。结果表明:老化初期玻璃纤维/不饱和聚酯复合材料的吸湿率随时间增长较快, 随后增长逐渐趋于稳定。玻璃纤维/不饱和聚酯复合材料的玻璃化转变温度呈现先增加后下降的趋势, 老化180 d后玻璃化转变温度增加了2.1%;老化180 d后玻璃纤维/不饱和聚酯复合材料的巴氏硬度与老化前相比降低了17.6%, 弯曲强度损失率为10%。基于金相显微镜分析得到老化后玻璃纤维/不饱和聚酯复合材料的腐蚀深度, 建立了腐蚀深度与弯曲强度之间的关系。      

石墨烯/聚氨酯复合材料制备及性能研究进展

近年来,石墨烯改性聚氨酯纳米复合材料因其优异的综合性能而备受关注。在聚氨酯基体中添加石墨烯或其衍生物可显著提升聚氨酯的物理机械、热学、电磁学等性能,满足聚合物复合材料高性能和多功能的特殊要求。首先介绍了石墨烯的功能化改性方法,包括共价键改性和非共价键改性。随后介绍了石墨烯/聚氨酯纳米复合材料的制备工艺,包括原位聚合、溶液共混、熔融共混、水相(胶乳)共混等。综述了石墨烯/聚氨酯纳米复合材料在物理机械性能、导电性能、介电性能、导热性能、气体阻隔性能、阻燃性能、电磁屏蔽性能和防腐蚀性能等方面的最新研究进展。最后,对石墨烯/聚氨酯纳米复合材料面临的挑战和发展前景进行了展望。     

改性凹凸棒石-不饱和聚酯复合材料的热性能研究

为研究改性凹凸棒石的掺入对不饱和聚酯热性能的影响,采用十八烷基三甲基氯化铵(OTAC)对凹凸棒石进行有机改性,然后制备改性凹凸棒石-不饱和聚酯复合材料,并用红外光谱(IR)和X射线衍射(XRD)等分析手段对改性效果进行表征,利用差热(DTA)、热重(TG)同步热分析仪研究复合材料的热性能,探究改性前后凹凸棒石的掺量对复合材料热起始温度的影响。结果表明:改性凹凸棒石-不饱和聚酯复合材料的热稳定性明显优于凹凸棒石-不饱和聚酯复合材料和纯不饱和聚酯,掺入改性凹凸棒石的最佳质量分数8.4%左右。     

两类室温固化的蓖麻油聚氨酯互穿网络材料

研究了五种取代乙烯分别与蓖麻油聚氨酯生成的互穿网络聚合物(IPN)的力学性能与其组成的关系,指出聚氨酯含量在65％左右拉伸强度最大,最大强度与取代乙烯均聚物的玻璃化转变温度有关。NCO/OH比愈大,IPN的交联密度愈大,伸长率愈小,拉仲强度愈大。由丙烯酸丁酯生成的IPN具有弹性体性能。还研究了蓖麻油聚氨酯与不饱和聚酯及取代乙烯生成的IPN,指出丙烯腈作为取代乙烯所得的IPN性能最好,不饱和聚酯与丙烯腈的重量比不宜超过1/1。后一IPN的扫描电镜照片表明具有微观相分离的形态结构。     

有机杂化聚氨酯/乙烯基树脂材料阻尼性能的研究

在聚氯酯(PU)/乙烯基树脂(VER)互穿网络聚合物中掺杂受阻胺(DZ)制备了有机杂化PU/VER复合材料.利用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及动态力学热分析仪(DMA)对该复合材料的结构和阻尼性能进行了研究.结果表明,纯净DZ为晶态,但在复合材料中DZ具有晶态、与聚合物基质形成氢键、无序聚集态等多种形态,DZ的加入提高了该复合材料的阻尼性能.     

Interpenetrating polymer network of polyurethane and unsaturated polyester: Mechanical properties

Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) of polyurethane (PU) and unsaturated polyester (UP) were prepared in this study. The mechanical properties of the IPNs were determined to relate to their structure. In order to improve the mechanical properties of the resultant IPNs, it was found that the -OH group present in the UP should be employed to react with some isocyanate-terminated PU prepolymer. Thus, the PU and UP were, in fact, interpenetrated with each other and chemically bonded through a grafting reaction to form the graft-IPN. The tensile strength of the IPNs was increased to a maximum value and then decreased as the PU content increased. The Izod impact strength and fracture energy of the IPNs increased more or less with an increase of the PU content, depending on the types, chain length of polyols used in the PU and the degree of the grafting reaction between PU and UP.     

Interpenetrating polymer networks of polyurethane cross-linked epoxy and polyurethanes

Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were prepared from polyurethane (PU) cross-linked epoxy and polyurethanes based on the mixture of polydiol and polytriol by the one-shot method. The mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties, morphology and damping behaviour were investigated. The results show that the damping ability and mechanical strength are enhanced through the introduction of PU cross-linked epoxy into the PU matrix to form the IPN structure. As the epoxy content increases, the tensile strength of the two types of the IPNs decrease in low composition, then increase in high composition. The damping properties of the PU (polyether type) cross-linked epoxy/PU IPNs are much better than those of the PU (polyester type) cross-linked epoxy/PU IPNs, but the mechanical properties reveal an opposite tendency. The sample with 20 wt% epoxy content in the PU cross-linked epoxy/PU IPNs shows particle–matrix morphology and exhibits good damping properties.     

Piezoresistive and compression resistance relaxation behavior of water blown carbon nanotube/polyurethane composite foam

The in-situ bulk polycondensation process in combination with a ball milling dispersion process was used to prepare the water blown multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNT)/polyurethane (PU) composite foam. The mechanical properties, piezoresistive properties, strain sensitivity, stress and resistance relaxation behaviors of the composite foams were investigated. The results show that the CNT/PU composite foam has a better compression strength than the unfilled polyurethane foams and a negative pressure coefficient behavior under uniaxial compression. The resistance response of CNT/PU nanocomposites foam under cyclic compressive loading was quite stable. The nanocomposite foam containing a weight fraction of carbon nanotubes close to the percolation threshold presents the largest strain sensitivity for the resistance. The characteristic of resistance relaxation of CNT/PU composite foam is different from the stress relaxation due to the different relaxation mechanism. During compressive stress relaxation, the CNT/PU foam composites have excellent resistance recoverability while poor stress recoverability.     

聚氨酯和蒙脱土协同增韧增强环氧树脂

采用聚合物互穿技术与原位插层聚合相结合的方法制备了有机蒙脱土修饰的环氧树脂/聚氨酯互穿网络纳米复合材料.傅立叶红外光谱,X射线衍射及透射电镜分析表明剥离或插层的蒙脱土片层表面羟基能与环氧树脂/聚氨酯基体发生交联反应,并且均匀分散在环氧树脂/聚氨酯基体中.力学性能测试结果表明聚氨酯,蒙脱土的加入同时增加了环氧树脂的拉伸强度和断裂韧性.扫描电镜分析表明聚氨酯和蒙脱土协同增韧增强环氧树脂的主要原因为剪切屈服和微裂纹增韧.     

蒙脱土改性PU/EP IPN的研究

本文通过端异氰酸酯基聚氨酯预聚体与环氧树脂E-51形成了互穿网络,并通过热重分析仪(TGA)研究了完全固化后的互穿网络的热分解行为;透射电镜研究了IPN的相分离行为及用拉伸强度,断裂伸长率对其进行了力学性能的表征.结果表明,经过环氧树脂改性的聚氨酯的耐热性能比纯聚氨酯得到了提高,且力学性能也有所改善.并选取性能较好的PU/EP IPN,用纳米级有机蒙脱土对其进行了改性.研究发现,经有机纳米蒙脱土改性的PU/EP IPN的力学性能及耐热性有了进一步的提高.     

Sequential polyurethane–poly(methylmethacrylate) interpenetrating polymer networks as ureteral biomaterials: mechanical properties and comparative resistance to urinary encrustation

The mechanical properties and resistance to urinary encrustation of sequential-interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) composed of polyurethane (PU) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), have been described. Mechanical properties were determined using tensile testing and dynamic mechanical analysis, whereas resistance to encrustation was examined using an in vitro model for encrustation simulating in vivo encrustation. Maximum and minimum tensile strength at break, Youngs modulus, storage and loss moduli were associated with PMMA and PU, respectively. IPNs demonstrated intermediate mechanical properties which were dependent on the concentrations of the component polymers. Conversely, maximum elongation at break was observed for PU and this parameter decreased as the concentration of PMMA increased in the IPN. The dynamic mechanical damping parameter, tan , was similar for all IPNs at 37°C. Increased advancing and decreased receding contact angles were observed for IPNs in comparison with the native PU. The rate and extent of encrustation, measured as the percentage surface coverage, was similar for PU, IPNs and PMMA. In contrast, encrustation on polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate, a model hydrogel, was greater than observed for the IPNs or component polymers. No apparent correlation was observed between the rate and/or extent of encrustation and polymer contact angle. It is concluded that these IPNs may be of clinical benefit in patients providing stent resistance to extrinsic compression of the ureter in comparison with native PU. The comparable resistance to encrustation between the IPNs and PU indicates that the use of IPNs should not be restricted in this regard.     

聚氨酯/聚硅氧烷IPN阻尼材料研究

以聚四氢呋喃醚MDI聚氨酯和聚二甲基硅氧烷合成PU／PDMS IPN阻尼材料,用SEM和XPS分析了IPN的形态结构和元素分布,用DMA分析了动态力学性能,结果表明,各聚合物组分在IPN表面和内部的分布是不均匀的,这种不均匀性与PU与PDMS的相容性及组成比例有关。     

混杂增强聚氨酯复合硬泡塑料的物理及力学性能

研究纤维与颗粒混杂增强聚氨酯复合硬泡塑料的物理及力学性能,着重分析增强剂SiO₂颗粒和玻璃纤维含量以及纤维长度对其性能的影响。结果表明,SiO₂含量为20 wt％,玻璃纤维含量为7.8 wt％时,试样的拉伸强度达到最佳值。此外,还比较了玻璃纤维、尼龙66纤维和PAN基碳纤维的增强效果。结果表明,3 wt%~5 wt％含量碳纤维增强的聚氨酯复合硬泡塑料拉伸强度最佳。     

聚氨酯改性聚乳酸/蒙脱土复合材料的制备与表征

采用溶液共混法,用聚氨酯(PU)和蒙脱土(MMT)对聚乳酸(PLA)进行改性.通过综合热分析(TGA＆DSC)、红外吸收光谱(IR)以及力学测试(FP)对改性聚乳酸(PLA)的性能进行了表征.结果显示,聚氨酯和蒙脱土与聚乳酸均有较好的相容性,复合材料的稳定性较好,而且聚氨酯/蒙脱土/聚乳酸复合材料较纯聚乳酸的力学性能有了较明显的提高,强度和韧性均较好.