MnFe2O4粉体的燃烧合成

采用燃烧合成法制备了MnFe2O4铁氧体粉体。研究了铁氧体的转化率、燃烧波速率与放热反应控制系数、氧压力之间的相互关系。通过XRD和Mossbauer谱等手段对产物的物相组成和结构进行了分析。结果表明，以燃烧合成方法制备MnFe2O4粉体的转化率较低(35％～50％)，产物存在较多的晶格缺陷，并且存在部分亚稳相，如FeMnO3。亚稳相的存在增加了粉体的烧结活性。氧压力和放热反应控制系数对MnFe2O4相的转化率影响较小。随氧压力的增加，转化率和燃烧波速率均有所增加，而且放热反应控制系数较小时，随氧压力增加的幅度更为明显。1200℃下在空气和水中对产物进行淬火，均可得到结构较完整的单相尖晶石型MnFe2O4，且阳离子趋向反型分布(反分布率α≈0．7)。     

放电等离子烧结工艺对Mn_3O_4性能的影响

本文研究了放电等离子烧结的温度、压力、保温时间对Mn_3O_4的结构、致密度和介电性能的影响。借助X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、阻抗仪等对放电等离子烧结后的Mn_3O_4的结构和性能进行了表征,利用阿基米德原理测量了样品的密度。结果表明,保温时间对Mn_3O_4的物相、结构和性能影响最大,其次依次是烧结温度和烧结压力。实验结果表明,烧结温度700℃、烧结压力70 MPa、保温时间5 min获得的材料的致密度最高,可达95%,而且样品的介电性能最好,相对介电常数可达252。     

反向共沉淀法制备Y2O3-ZrO2陶瓷粉末

鉴于在ZrO2中加入Y2O3做稳定剂可有效提高ZrO2陶瓷的高温相稳定性,以ZrOCl2.8H2O和YCl3为原料,聚乙二醇(PEG)为分散剂,采用反向共沉淀法制备出Y2O3-ZrO2陶瓷粉末.利用XRD、SEM、DSC-TG、BET和激光粒度衍射对Y2O3-ZrO2粉末进行性能表征.结果表明:Y2O3-ZrO2粉末在800 ℃煅烧后的平均晶粒尺寸为25.2 nm,采用喷雾干燥得到的粉末球形度好,粒度分布窄;加入适量分散剂能较好地抑制颗粒团聚.     

Dissolution of NiFe2O4 particles in a NiO matrix

A TEM sample containing NiFe₂O₄ particles in a NiO matrix was subjected to a series of heat treatments in air and then characterized between heat treatments. Spinel particles between 75 and 100 nm in size were observed after a 1000°C heat treatment but had disappeared after a 1015°C heat treatment. According to the NiFeO phase diagram, a TEM sample containing 4 cation-% Fe should contain spinel particles up to 1200°C. This discrepancy between the experimentally observed temperature at which spinel dissolved and the temperature predicted by the phase diagram is discussed in terms of the Gibbs-Thomson effect.     

Rapid recovery of rare earth elements in industrial wastewater by CuFe2O4 synthesized from Cu sludge

This study systematically evaluates the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from aqueous solution and industrial wastewater using magnetic nanoparticles CuFe₂O₄. The industrially manufactured CuFe₂O₄ displays a nonlinear isotherm for REEs adsorption, suggesting limiting binding sites on the CuFe₂O₄ surface. The recovery of REEs increases significantly from 0.1% to 99.99% with increasing pH (2.29–8.15). At room temperature, the maxima recovery rates of Nd, La, and Ce are observed to be in a high capacity of 51.02, 42.02, and 40.16 mg/g, respectively. No significant attenuation of REE adsorption is observed with increasing NaCl concentration from 0.001 to 1.0 mol/L, showing high selectivity of REEs even in such high NaCl concentration matrix. In addition, desorption efficiency increases with the increasing concentration of HNO₃ in the range of 0.005–0.05 mol/L. When HNO₃ concentration is over 0.05 mol/L, the desorption efficiency can reach almost 100% in each batch experiment. Importantly, our results show that REEs can be sorbed and recycled from liquid crystal display (LCD) polishing wastewater, suggesting that CuFe₂O₄ may be a good candidate in the efficient and rapid recovery of REEs from industrial wastewater.