远距离爆炸物探测技术

随着人们对安全问题的愈加重视,在一些重要场合中,远距离爆炸物的快速探测和分析技术迫切需要。文中首先对当前常用爆炸物探测设备的研究、应用现状以及它们存在的局限性进行了简单说明,然后详细论述了几种具有研究价值和发展前景的远距离爆炸物探测技术,并分别对这些技术的优缺点和发展现状进行了简要叙述。最后,针对相关领域应用的特点与需求,提出了远距离爆炸物探测技术在未来几年内的研究重点和方向。     

爆炸物太赫兹光谱探测技术研究进展

近年来,随着太赫兹(THz)技术的快速发展,它在安检、航空航天、生命科学、化学等领域展现了巨大的应用前景.在安检领域.由于许多炸药及其相关材料在太赫兹波段具有特征吸收谱.许多非金属、非极性材料对太赫兹波是透明的.因此爆炸物太赫兹光谱探测技术具有巨大的潜力,受到了国内外的高度重视.介绍了国内外利用太赫兹波进行爆炸物光谱探...     

痕量爆炸物的化学、生物、MEMS传感器探测技术

利用爆炸物的化学或物理性质可实现多种爆炸物检测技术。现有的检测技术可分为两大类：爆炸物的体探测技术与痕量爆炸物探测技术。重点介绍了三种痕量爆炸物探测技术，即生物传感器技术、化学传感器技术及MEMS传感器技术，并指出MEMS传感器技术具有其它技术无可比拟的价格低廉、体积小、携带方便等优点。     

痕量爆炸物的化学、生物、MEMS传感器探测技术

利用爆炸物的化学或物理性质可实现多种爆炸物检测技术。现有的检测技术可分为两大类 :爆炸物的体探测技术与痕量爆炸物探测技术。重点介绍了三种痕量爆炸物探测技术 ,即生物传感器技术、化学传感器技术及MEMS传感器技术 ,并指出MEMS传感器技术具有其它技术无可比拟的价格低廉、体积小、携带方便等优点     

痕量爆炸物的化学、生物、MEMS传感器探测技术

利用爆炸物的化学或物理性质可实现多种爆炸物检测技术.现有的检测技术可分为两大类:爆炸物的体探测技术与痕量爆炸物探测技术.重点介绍了三种痕量爆炸物探测技术,即生物传感器技术、化学传感器技术及MEMS传感器技术,并指出MEMS传感器技术具有其它技术无可比拟的价格低廉、体积小、携带方便等优点.     

钝感RDX及HMX炸药的太赫兹光谱分析

采用太赫兹时域光谱技术（Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy,THz-TDS）对钝感RDX（黑索金）和HMX（奥克托金）炸药在0～2.5THz频段的太赫兹吸收光谱进行了探测.得到了待测样品的太赫兹吸收光谱,确定了其特征吸收峰的位置并与其他研究机构所测吸收谱进行了对比分析.实验结果表明：利用THz-TDS技术可以对炸药进行检测和识别,同时可以对样品组成的细微变化进行分析和鉴别.为利用THz-TDS技术研究其他爆炸性物质,建立爆炸物的指纹谱库提供了科学依据.     

新型激光探测器

一种能探测隐藏着的炸弹和地雷的新型激光探测器研发成功。新探测器能远距离工作，可用于发现自杀性爆炸者或检测随身行李是否携带爆炸物。     

激光销毁危险爆炸物应用研究进展

为解决炸药包殉爆法处理危险爆炸物存在的勤务环节多、安全系数低、机动销毁能力差等问题,提高危险爆炸物远距离销毁效果,满足复杂环境条件下危险爆炸物销毁需求,介绍了国内外成功利用激光远距离销毁危险爆炸物相关研究,分析了激光在未爆弹、简易爆炸装置、地雷及报废弹药等不同类型危险爆炸物销毁应用特点,从应用效果出发,探讨了激光销毁危险爆炸物存在的理论热点问题与工程实践困难,进一步指出了激光销毁危险爆炸物发展趋势。     

MEMS技术检测痕量爆炸物微粒的原理与实验方法研究

提出一种基于MEMS技术、利用爆炸物微粒本身特性来检测爆炸物的新型微梁式爆炸物探测器,这种探测器利用不同爆炸物具有不同的熔点及蒸发点,并且在熔解过程中吸收热量的原理,使落在悬臂梁上的痕量爆炸物微粒在蒸发时的热量变化可以通过梁的弯曲变形反映出来,其中复合双金属悬臂梁是利用MEMS工艺制造的;还介绍了探测器的结构设计、悬臂梁弯曲变形的理论计算及技术实现方案探讨等前沿探索性研究工作。     

基于荧光猝灭原理的硝基芳烃类爆炸物检测实验研究

基于荧光猝灭原理,以共轭荧光聚合物MEH-PPV为荧光指示剂,采用塑料光纤作为传感和传光元件进行硝基芳烃类爆炸物检测。实验采用探测荧光指示剂荧光寿命的方法进行爆炸物检测,荧光指示剂的荧光寿命利用相移法进行测量。测量了不同荧光指示剂浓度时系统对爆炸物检测的灵敏度,发现当MEH-PPV质量浓度为10 mg/L时,系统的灵敏度最高;研究了U形、双锥形、螺旋形塑料光纤传感头对系统灵敏度的影响,发现双锥形传感头的灵敏度最高;测试了荧光指示剂MEH-PPV的稳定性,实验表明光照会加快MEH-PPV的漂白速度。     

微痕量爆炸物检测技术研究进展

综述了微痕量爆炸物检测技术的发展现状和研究进展。主要介绍了各种光谱分析技术、气相色谱技术、离子迁移谱技术、声表面波技术、微机电系统传感技术、质谱法、荧光传感技术、生物传感技术等。对于不同原理传感器的传感机理和达到的不同检测效果做了介绍。     

Remote sensing by nuclear quadrupole resonance

Detection of explosives has the flavor of those mathematical problems that are not invertible. It is easier to hide explosives than to find them. Many approaches have been proposed and executed for the remote detection of explosives, contraband materials, weapons of mass destruction, currency, etc. Most detection technologies suffer from a common problem: the features they look for, such as discontinuities in electrical conductivity, are not unique properties of the target but are contained, to some degree, in the more benign surroundings. Such a degeneracy leads to “clutter” in the response. For example, resolving the false alarms generated by this clutter can determine the rate of advance of a conventional electromagnetic metal detector employed as a landmine detector. One approach that provides a “unique” signature is nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) (the technique is also called QR, to avoid confusion with strictly nuclear techniques). This paper outlines the important physical principles behind the use of NQR for remote detection, indicates areas of applicability, and presents results of field trials of a prototype landmine detection system     

痕量爆炸物爆燃探测敏感元件的结构设计

通过实验观察了痕量梯恩梯的爆燃现象及其规律,并在此基础上设计了一种集成有加热元件和检测元件的高灵敏度硅梁结构。有限元仿真结果表明,该硅梁升温迅速且温度分布均匀,能实现对纳克量级梯恩梯的检测。该项工作为下一步采用MEMS技术制作该硅梁敏感结构,进而研制新型便携式爆炸物探测器奠定了良好的基础。     

Metal–Organic Polyhedra Cages Immobilized on a Plasmonic Substrate for Sensitive Detection of Trace Explosives

A novel strategy for highly sensitive detection and discrimination of explosives is developed based on the metal–organic polyhedra (MOP)‐decorated plasmonic substrate. It is found that the careful selection of the geometric and electronic characteristics of the assembly units (organic ligands and unsaturated metals sites) embedded within the MOP cage allows for the integration of multiple weak molecular interactions in a controllable fashion and thus the MOP cage can serve as an excellent receptor for selective uptake and binding of explosives. By further grafting of the MOP cage onto a plasmonic substrate with good surface‐enhanced Raman scattering enhancement factor, the resulting sensor shows a good sensing capability to various groups of ultratrace explosives, especially the challenging aliphatic nitro‐organics.     

基于遥感图像的船舶目标检测方法综述

如何在复杂环境中准确、快速地实现各类船舶目标检测是一项重要研究课题,也是保障船舶航行安全、保护领土安全、加强水域资源监管的基础。红外成像、合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR）以及卫星遥感等成像技术的发展为船舶检测提供了丰富的图像数据,已取得许多研究成果。介绍了船舶目标检测的过程,从基于传统图像处理技术的船舶目标检测和基于深度学习的船舶目标检测两方面总结并分析了现有船舶目标检测方法,讨论了相关关键技术,最后指出了未来的研究方向。     

Remote sensing of atmospheric wind velocities using solid-state andCO2 coherent laser systems

Coherent lidar/laser radar systems have been used for the remote measurement of atmospheric wind velocity since 1966. Both CW and pulsed coherent lidars have been developed and applied to a variety of ground-based and airborne applications. In recent years, most efforts have concentrated on pulsed CO₂ and solid-state Doppler lidars for the remote measurement of atmospheric wind velocities. Issues associated with the design and application of coherent lidars to atmospheric wind measurement are discussed. Coherent lidar/laser radar systems have been applied to detection and tracking of aircraft wake vortices, measurement of atmospheric wind fields during the space shuttle takeoff and landing, airborne windshear detection, ground-based airport microburst windshear monitoring, meteorological research, and environmental monitoring. Numerous examples of measurement results are presented. An assessment of the status of coherent lidar technology as practical devices for operational and research uses is addressed     

太赫兹探测技术在遥感应用中的研究进展

近年来,世界各国都对太赫兹科学给予了很大的关注,相应的太赫兹辐射源和探测器的研究和发展速度加快,太赫兹技术应用也取得了实质的进展,特别是太赫兹波在空间天文观测和大气遥感中的应用。介绍了近些年发展起来的几种探测太赫兹电磁波的新技术及目前发射或建立的多种亚毫米波、太赫兹波探测系统在天文观测和大气遥感中的具体应用,显示了太赫兹波探测技术在遥感领域中的巨大应用前景。     

Miniaturized calorimeter for thermal screening of energetic materials

The use of chip-scale calorimeters for research and development has increased during the last two decades. The high sensitivity of these devices allows their use for characterization of very small amounts of sample. However, the potential for using them for screening of highly energetic materials (i.e., explosives) has not been fully explored. In this paper, we present the design aspects of two chip-scale calorimeter prototypes based on thick silicon membranes for liquid and solid thermal characterizations. The ultimate goal of the proposed work is to produce a portable calorimeter that can be incorporated as a new approach for detection of highly energetic materials such as explosives based on the information obtained from the calorimeter. The concept of this application is that indirect detection via the determination of thermal energy released in exothermic reactions can be detected by chip-scale calorimetric sensors. Details about the calorimeter design using finite element analysis are presented along with the fabrication procedure of the proposed sensor. Finally, preliminary results that provide experimental validation of the device design are presented.     

可见和红外偏振遥感技术研究进展及相关应用综述

由于大气及地物光谱辐射的偏振敏感性,使得可见和红外偏振遥感逐步发展成为地基、航空和卫星观测的新技术手段,在全球气候变迁研究、对地遥感和天文研究等领域得到应用。根据不同探测目标,从偏振分析机制和偏振信息获取模式等方面介绍了光学偏振遥感系统研究进展,并结合光与物质相互作用的偏振机理,以及国内外相关领域可见和红外波段偏振探测实验研究结果,讨论了光谱偏振遥感信息在反演大气、自然地物、人工目标以及天体等性质中的应用基础研究情况。最后,充分关注偏振光学、光电子技术和计算机技术发展状况,并考虑先进偏振检测、定标等技术在光学偏振遥感系统中的应用进程,展望了光学偏振遥感技术的发展趋势。