低水胶比下超细粉煤灰对不同细度硅酸盐水泥水化历程的影响

从强度、结合水、粉煤灰反应程度、SEM分析及孔隙溶液碱度等方面,研究了低水胶比下超细Ⅱ级粉煤灰对不同细度硅酸盐水泥水化历程的影响。研究结果表明,水泥细度从4500cm2/g提高到5500cm2/g,对纯水泥水化过程影响不大。但当该高细度水泥与超细II级粉煤灰复合时,则对水泥及粉煤灰的水化程度、水化产物特性、孔隙溶液碱度以及力学性能均影响较大;随粉煤灰掺量的增加,其影响程度呈由小变大再变小的趋势,粉煤灰掺量存在阈值,本试验中,阈值为30%。     

粉煤灰掺量对氯氧镁水泥混凝土物理力学性能的影响

为了拓展氯氧镁水泥(MOC)材料的应用领域,以盐湖提钾肥副产物水氯镁石、轻烧氧化镁和粉煤灰为胶凝材料,制备了不同粉煤灰掺量的氯氧镁水泥混凝土(MOCC)。研究了粉煤灰掺量对MOCC抗压强度、物相组成、微观形貌和孔结构的影响。结果表明:随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,MOCC的抗压强度逐渐降低,当粉煤灰掺量为40%(质量分数)时,其300 d抗压强度降低至39.99 MPa,降低了22.52%。MOCC的主要水化产物为5Mg(OH)₂·MgCl₂·8H₂O(5·1·8)和Mg(OH)₂,掺加粉煤灰并没有产生新的晶相。掺入粉煤灰增加了MOCC的孔隙率和有害孔体积,从而降低了其抗压强度。采用相同水灰比制备了普通硅酸盐水泥混凝土,抗压强度对比测试结果表明:掺40%的粉煤灰MOCC的抗压强度虽然比未掺粉煤灰MOCC抗压强度低,但仍比普通硅酸盐水泥混凝土300 d龄期的抗压强度(33.42 MPa)高出19.66%,说明MOCC比普通硅酸盐水泥混凝土具有较高的抗压强度。     

碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料的性能与硬化浆体结构

为充分利用磷渣和粉煤灰两种工业废渣生产高性能胶凝材料,研究了不同磷渣/粉煤灰配合比的碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料性能,并用扫描电子显微镜和压汞仪分析了硬化浆体的细观结构和孔结构.结果表明:碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料的凝结时间正常,在粉煤灰掺量为0～30 %(质量分数)范围内,随粉煤灰的掺量的增加,碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料的凝结时间略有延长.与普通硅酸盐水泥相比,碱-磷渣胶凝材料的抗压强度较高,其3d和28d抗压强度分别可达到30.9MPa和98.8MPa,但其抗折强度相对较低.掺加粉煤灰后碱胶凝材料的抗压强度降低,而抗折强度提高.碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料的耐蚀性和抗冻性能均显著优于硅酸盐水泥,其干缩比硅酸盐水泥的大.用部分粉煤灰取代磷渣粉可一定程度减小干缩.碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料硬化浆体的结构非常致密,其孔隙率和平均孔径均小于普通硅酸盐水泥硬化浆体.     

氧化镁微膨胀水泥-粉煤灰胶凝材料的膨胀性能及孔结构特征

研究低钙粉煤灰对氧化镁微膨胀水泥的膨胀性能与水泥石孔结构的影响。粉煤灰强烈抑制氧化镁膨胀,粉煤灰的质量分数大于20％左右时,氧化镁膨胀几乎被完全抵消。粉煤灰降低早期强度,但随着龄期的增长,粉煤灰使强度增加的作用逐渐体现,对较长龄期的强度而言,适当掺人粉煤灰反而是有利的,如粉煤灰掺量高达35％时,其3a强度比纯水泥的还高。粉煤灰能促使水泥石孔隙细化,适当掺人粉煤灰可以改善氧化镁微膨胀水泥的水泥石孔结构。     

Effect of fly ash–gypsum blend on porosity and pore size distribution of cement pastes

Abstract

Abstract

This paper reports results on the porosity and pore size distribution (PSD) of cement paste containing simulated desulphurised waste (SDW). The SDW was chosen due to the variability in chemical composition of real desulphurised waste. The SDW is a combination of fly ash and gypsum. The content of fly ash in the SDW changed from 0 to 100% by weight. The water to binder ratio was 0·5. The binder consists of cement and SDW. Cement in the pastes was partially replaced with 25 wt-% SDW. The porosity and PSD of cement pastes at 28 days of curing is reported. Increasing amount of gypsum does not seem to greatly change the pore volume; however, there is tendency of obtaining coarser pore structure in the presence of gypsum. The compressive strength increases with increasing amounts of gypsum. Correlation between strength and PSD is conducted.     

Influence of tragacanth resin on the thermal and mechanical properties of fly ash-cement composites

This study was aimed to search the possibility of usage of the thermal power plants fly ashes, cement and tragacanth composites in concrete or plaster by investigating their thermal insulation characteristics. The fly ash used in the experiments is supplied from Af?in Elbistan Thermal Power Station. Portland cement (KPC 325) with resin is used as binding and 24 specimens are prepared depending on the percentage of fly ash and tragacanth. In all fly ash, tragacanth and binding mixture, the weight percentages of fly ash are taken as 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%. The amount of the resin in the mixture is 0.5, 1 and 1.5% of the weight of the total cement and fly ash.

24 samples were prepared and tested to find out the effects of resin on thermal and mechanical properties of fly ash and cement composites. Whereas fly ash percentage increased from 0% to 50%, i) thermal conductivity and compressive strength decreased 19.37–28.62% and 7.66–16.55% respectively as the porosities of the samples increased 18.91–28.62% with the effect of artificial pores generated by 1.5% resin other than the pores generated by fly ash. ii) the new produced samples can be used as partition walls, floorings, ceiling concretes, briquettes or bricks and plaster.     

Activation of Pozzolanic Reaction of Hydrated Portland Cement Fly Ash Pastes in Sulfate Solution

The activation of the pozzolanic reaction of fly ash in portland cement paste immersed in sulfate solution has been studied. Mixtures of two Spanish fly ashes (ASTM class F) with 0%, 15%, and 35% replacement of portland cement by fly ash were immersed in Na₂SO₄ solution, of 2880 ppm SO₄²⁻ concentration, for a period of 90 days. The resistance of the different mixtures to the sulfate attack was evaluated using the Koch-Steinegger test. The results showed that all of the mixtures were sulfate resistant, despite the high Al₂O₃ content of the fly ash. The diffusion of SO₄²⁻ and Na⁺ ions through the pore solution activated the pozzolanic reactivity of the fly ashes, causing microstructural changes, which were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a result, the flexural strength of the mixtures increased, principally for the fly ash of a lower particle size and 35% of addition.     

粉煤灰-水泥浆体的孔体积分形维数及其与孔结构和强度的关系

采用压汞法对不同龄期粉煤灰-水泥浆体的孔分形结构进行了实验研究，测定了复合浆体孔体积分形维数，探讨了孔体积分形维数与孔隙率，孔表面积、平均孔径、孔分布及宏观力学性能的关系。实验结果表明：粉煤灰-水泥浆体的孔结构具有明显的分形特征，孔体积分形维数在3．3～3．5之间；孔体积分形维数越大，浆体的孔径越小、孔隙率越低，孔表面积越大，小于20nm的微孔越多，大于100nm的大孔越少，而且复合体系的抗压及抗折强度也越高。     

基于X-CT的非饱和水泥基材料水分传输与渗透系数计算

利用X射线计算机断层扫描(X-CT)联合Cs离子增强技术连续监测水分在非饱和水泥基材料中的动态传输过程,建立水分传输距离与时间的关系,获得水分传输的毛细吸水系数,在此基础上提出了计算水泥基材料渗透系数的理论模型。系统研究了水灰比、粉煤灰掺量、矿渣掺量和砂体积掺量对水泥基材料毛细吸水系数和渗透系数的影响,结果表明:当水灰比从0.35增大到0.55时,硬化水泥浆体的毛细吸水系数从2.07×10^-4 m/s^1/2增大到3.22×10^-4 m/s^1/2,而固有渗透系数增大1个数量级;粉煤灰的掺入能有效降低浆体的水分传输性能,且粉煤灰的最佳掺量为30%(质量分数),当矿渣掺量为30%(质量分数)时,硬化浆体的固有渗透系数比掺同等质量粉煤灰的高1个数量级;当砂体积掺量从0%增加到40%时,砂浆的毛细吸水系数和固有渗透系数均下降,当砂体积掺量大于42.4%时,砂浆的界面过渡区(ITZ)连通,砂浆的毛细吸水系数增大。     

磨细矿物掺合料对水泥硬化浆体孔结构及砂浆强度的影响

采用压汞法研究了钢渣、矿渣、粉煤灰单掺或复掺对水泥硬化浆体孔结构的影响.同时还研究了掺合料单掺或复掺对水泥砂浆抗压强度的影响.结果表明:掺合料单掺或复掺对早期水泥硬化浆体的孔结构有一定的劣化作用;水化后期,矿渣与钢渣均明显降低了水泥硬化浆体的孔隙率,矿渣与粉煤灰均明显降低了水泥硬化浆体的中值孔径并改善了水泥石的孔径分布,掺合料复掺对改善水泥硬化浆体的孔结构有积极作用,尤其是掺合料三元复合可取得最佳的效果.3种掺合料降低水泥硬化浆体孔隙率能力的大小顺序为:矿渣>钢渣>粉煤灰.3种掺合料降低水泥硬化浆体孔径并改善孔径分布能力的大小顺序为:矿渣>粉煤灰>钢渣.掺合料降低了水泥砂浆早期的抗压强度,却增加了水泥砂浆90 d的抗压强度.掺合料的活性大小顺序为:矿渣>钢渣>粉煤灰.     

Properties of high-volume fly ash concrete incorporating nano-SiO2

This paper presents a laboratory study on the properties of high-volume fly ash high-strength concrete incorporating nano-SiO₂ (SHFAC). The results were compared with those of control Portland cement concrete (PCC) and of high-volume fly ash high-strength concrete (HFAC). Assessments of these concrete mixes were based on short- and long-term performance. These included compressive strength and pore size distribution. Significant strength increases of SHFAC compared to the high-volume fly ash high-strength were observed as early as after 3 days curing, and improvements in the pore size distribution of SHFAC were also observed. In this work, the hydration heat of nano-SiO₂ fly ash cement systems was also studied in comparison to the fly ash-cement systems and to the pure cement systems. In addition, the weight change of fly ash incorporating nano-SiO₂, fly ash, and nano-SiO₂ alone after immersed in saturated lime solution was also studied.     

The effectuation of seawater on the microstructural features and the compressive strength of fly ash blended cement at early and later ages

The current work scrutinizes the effectuation of seawater on morphological properties, pore structure, and compressive strength during the hydration process of fly ash blended cement at 3, 7, 28, 56, and 90 days to better understand the influence of salinity conditions of seawater on the microstructural modification and strength development of the hydration products as well as the total porosity. The chemical reaction's mechanism of mightily soluble salts, for example, Mg₂SO₄ and NaCl, with hydrated fly ash and blended cement (calcium-bearing phases) was also confirmed. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy has been appointed to observe and characterize the energetics of variation in the formulation of portlandite (CH), calcium silicate hydrate, gypsum (Gy), ettringite (AFt), and calcium chloroaluminate (Friedel's salt [FS]) throughout the hydration process of fly ash blended cement with seawater in comparison with deionized water. X-ray diffraction analysis exposed that the peak intensities of FS, portlandite, and some particular phases of the hydrated fly ash blended cement in seawater are higher and sharper than the comparable peaks in deionized water. Mercury intrusion porosimetry-measurements have been appointed that the total porosity of artificial seawater (ASW) was decreased from 28.9% at 3 days to 19.4% at 56 days. In addition, the average, median, and critical pore diameter were decreased in ASW while compared to deionized water (DIW). The reaction products of this work were also characterized using scanning electron microscopy, EDS, compressive strength, and isothermal calorimeter.     

煤矸石对硅酸盐水泥水化历程的影响

从强度、反应程度、孔溶液碱度和SEM等方面,研究了煤矸石作为水泥辅助胶凝材料的水化情况,并与Ⅱ级粉煤灰进行比较。试验结果表明:煤矸石发生火山灰反应时间比粉煤灰早,且发生火山灰反应所需的碱度值比粉煤灰低;掺煤矸石水泥水化样的早期抗压强度比粉煤灰水泥水化样低,但7d到28d强度增长速率明显大于相同掺量的粉煤灰水泥,相同28d抗压强度的条件下,煤矸石掺量比粉煤灰的掺量高10%。     

Fire resistance of fired clay bricks-fly ash composite cement pastes

This work aims to study the effect of substitution of fly ash for homra on the hydration properties of composite cement pastes. The composite cements are composed of constant proportion of OPC (80%) with variable amounts of fly ash and homra. The addition of fly ash accelerates the initial and final sitting time, whereas the free lime and combined water contents decrease with fly ash content. The fly ash acts as nucleation sites which may accelerate the rate of formation of hydration products which fill some of the pores of the cement pastes. The fire resistance of composite cement pastes was evaluated after firing at 250, 450, 600, 800 °C with rate of firing 5 °C/min with soaking time for 2 h. The physico-mechanical properties such as bulk density and compressive strength were determined at each firing temperature. Moreover, the phase composition, free lime and microstructure for some selected samples were investigated. It can be concluded that the pozzolanic cement with 20 wt% fly ash can be used as fire resisting cement.     

Utilization of fly ash coming from a CFBC boiler co-firing coal and petroleum coke in Portland cement

Fly ash coming from a circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) boiler co-firing coal and petroleum coke (CFBC fly ash) is very different from coal ash from traditional pulverized fuel firing due to many differences in their combustion processes, and thus they have different effects on the properties of Portland cement. The influences of CFBC fly ash on the strength, setting time, volume stability, water requirement for normal consistency, and hydration products of Portland cement were investigated. The results showed that CFBC fly ash had a little effect on the strength of the Portland cement when its content was below 20%, but the strength decreased significantly if the ash content was over 20%. The water requirement for normal consistency of cement increased from 1.8% to 3.2% (absolute increment value) with an addition of 10% CFBC fly ash; and the free lime (f-CaO) content of CFBC fly ash affected the value of increasing. The setting time decreased with an increase of CFBC fly ash content. The volume stability of the cement was qualified even when the content of SO₃ and f-CaO reached 4.48% and 3.0% in cement, respectively. The main hydration productions of cement with CFBC fly ash were C-S-H (hydrated calcium silicate), AFt (ettringite), and portlandite.     

The effects of fly ash composition on the chemistry of pore solution in hydrated cement pastes

This paper reports the findings of an investigation to determine the influence of fly ash composition on the evolution of the pore solution chemistry in Portland cement/fly ash systems. Twelve fly ashes, selected to represent the wide range of composition of North American ashes, were used in the study. In addition to pore solution expression and analysis, inner hydration products were analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The study shows that the alkalinity of pore solution increases as the calcium and alkali content of the fly ash increase, and decreases as the silica content of the ash increases. However, there is no consistent trend between the composition of the inner calcium-silicate hydrate and fly ash composition.     

纳米颗粒对道路粉煤灰混凝土耐磨性能的影响及作用机理

为探讨纳米颗粒对道路粉煤灰混凝土耐磨性能的影响,采用纳米材料和超细粉煤灰等量取代水泥制备了纳米改性粉煤灰水泥砂浆,在此基础上制备出三种纳米改性道路粉煤灰混凝土:纳米SiO2 (NS)混凝土、纳米SiC(NC)混凝土和纳米复掺混凝土,并研究了两种纳米材料对粉煤灰水泥砂浆力学性能和道路粉煤灰混凝土耐磨性能的影响及作用机理.结果表明:混凝土中掺入纳米材料能显著提高其耐磨性能.单掺NS混凝土中NS最优掺量为2％,单掺NC混凝土中NC最优掺量为3％;而复掺2％ NS、2％ NC时,纳米复掺混凝土耐磨性最佳,与基准混凝土相比,磨损量降低了75％.分析认为:纳米材料的表面效应、活性效应和微集料填充效应使其具有较大的表面能,在水泥浆体中与Ca(OH)2晶体发生二次水化反应,改善了Ca(OH)2的取向程度,强化了水泥石微细观结构,优化了水泥基体内孔径分布与孔结构,使其更加密实,从而提高了道路粉煤灰混凝土的耐磨性能.     

掺Ⅱ级粉煤灰混凝土的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能研究

对掺Ⅱ级粉煤灰的混凝土,改变其水胶比和粉煤灰掺量,进行抗硫酸盐侵蚀试验,结果表明：水灰比为0．40的普通混凝土,无法抵抗硫酸根离子浓度2500-20250mg／L硫酸盐溶液侵蚀,其水泥石孔隙中侵蚀产物以石膏为主,侵蚀现象主要发生在试件的表层,具体形态表现为试件表层逐渐疏松、剥落。水胶比为0．40以下、粉煤灰掺量30％及其以上的混凝土能够抵抗硫酸根离子浓度为20250mg／L的硫酸盐侵蚀。     

粉煤灰对水泥浆体早期水化和孔结构的影响

通过硬化水泥浆体力学性能、交流阻抗和孔结构等性能的测试,以及扫描电镜分析,研究了不同掺量的粉煤灰对硬化水泥浆体早期水化和孔结构的影响。结果表明：随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,水泥的凝结时间增加,抗压强度降低,熟料矿物的水化速率提高,但水泥-粉煤灰体系的水化速率降低,水泥浆体中孔溶液电阻和阻抗相应降低,硬化水泥浆体中大孔数量减少,微孔数量增加。     

粉煤灰矿渣复合水泥的强度和活化研究

低钙粉煤灰由于其含有较稳定的莫来石晶体和高的聚合度 ,因而活性较低 ,在通常条件下 ,它与 Ca O反应很慢 ,提高细度和碱度对粉煤灰的活性激发有利。本文研究了混合材掺量为 50 %的粉煤灰矿渣复合水泥的力学性能 ,通过热分析和孔结构分析研究了复合水泥的水化特性 ,并采用外加剂得到性能优异的复合水泥。