高效石油烃降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性

为获得更为丰富的石油降解微生物资源,从沈抚污灌区石油污染土壤和实验室高浓度柴油胁迫土壤中筛选出了4株高效石油烃降解菌SF-422、SF-428、SF-433和SYS-1.这4株菌总石油烃(Total petroleum hydrocarbon/TPH)生物降解率为67.4%~73.6%.经过16项生理生化特性实验和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定,SF-433,SF-428,SF-422和SYS-1分别为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus),木糖氧化无色杆菌(Achromobacter xylosoxidans),施氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri)和洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia cepacia).纯烃降解定性实验表明所筛选出的4株高效降解菌均能够利用正十六烷、苯、菲和环己烷为唯一碳源生长,其中菌株SF-428和SYS-1显示了对芳烃及环烷烃较强的利用能力.     

海绵中生物表面活性剂生产菌的筛选及菌种鉴定

海绵（Marine sponge） 是一大类低等多细胞动物, 其体内及体表富集了大量的、不同种类的微生物.本文分别从繁茂膜海绵和南海海绵中,经富集培养、血平板分离、油扩散技术和表面张力测定等方法分离到高效产生物表面活性剂的菌株H10和菌株S6X.采用16S rDNA基因分析方法和传统生理生化实验方法对这两株菌进行了菌种鉴定,最后鉴定H10为短小芽孢杆菌（Bacillus pumilus）,S6X为帕氏假单胞菌（Pseudomonas palleronii）.     

海绵中生物表面活性剂生产菌的筛选及菌种鉴定

海绵(Marine sponge)是一大类低等多细胞动物,其体内及体表富集了大量的、不同种类的微生物。本文分别从繁茂膜海绵和南海海绵中,经富集培养、血平板分离、油扩散技术和表面张力测定等方法分离到高效产生物表面活性剂的菌株H10和菌株S6X。采用16S rDNA基因分析方法和传统生理生化实验方法对这两株菌进行了菌种鉴定,最后鉴定H10为短小芽孢杆菌(Bacilluspumilus),S6X为帕氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas palleronii)。     

高效芘降解细菌的筛选、鉴定及其基本特性研究

以多环芳烃为唯一碳源梯度驯化,从焦化废水底泥中分离筛选出2株疏水性高效芘降解细菌CY4和HY7.通过16SrDNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定CY4为杀鲑气单胞菌(Aeromonas salmonicida),HY7为施氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri).降解性能试验结果表明,这两株菌可利用底物谱较为广泛,包括水杨酸等多环芳烃转化产物,吲哚等杂化芳烃,多环芳烃和葡萄糖;其中CY4菌对芘的5d降解率达35.40%,HY7菌对芘的5d降解率达36.32%.     

一株光合细菌的鉴定及其处理大豆加工废水试验

为进一步明晰从土壤中提取的一株光合细菌的生理生化特性,并实现利用其处理污水、达到资源化的目标,对此株光合细菌进行了菌种、形态以及生理生化鉴定,并考察了其在不同条件下降解人工配制的大豆加工废水的效果.结果表明,此株菌为球形红假单胞菌（Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides,命名为Z08）.在初始COD质...     

微生物及酶对己内酰胺的降解动力学研究

采用微生物菌株和从该菌株提取的粗酶液对己内酰胺进行降解，并对己内酰胺的降解动力学进行了研究．结果表明，初始己内酰胺的浓度越小，降解速率常数越大，半寿期越短，微生物的降解能力越强；由微生物提取的粗酶液（胞外酶）的Km值较小，对己内酰胺有较强的亲和力，可有效地降解己内酰胺。     

高效苯酚降解菌的分离和鉴定

为了寻找能高效降解苯酚的微生物,从包头市污水处理厂处理车间取活性污泥,通过逐渐增加苯酚的浓度驯化菌种,然后筛选出一株高效降解苯酚的细菌.经生理生化特征测定及外观鉴定,将其初步鉴定为假单胞菌属.再经过对比实验测各种因素(碳源、温度、pH、通气)对该菌生长及降解苯酚能力的影响,得知该菌能以苯酚作为唯一碳源,最适生长温度为30 ℃,最适pH为7.0.该菌为好氧菌,在空气充足的条件下可提高降解能力.对该菌的继续研究可使其在苯酚的生物降解及污水处理等实际运用中起到重要的作用.     

Isolation and identification of a sulfate reducing bacteria and sequence analysis of its dissimilatory sulfite reductase gene

A sulfate reducing bacteria was isolated from mining sewage of Daqing Oilfield by Hungate anaerobic technology. Physiological-biochemical analysis showed that the strain could utilize polyacrylamide as sole carbon and nitrogen source. The sequence analysis of 16S rDNA illustrated that the similarity of F8 and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (AF192153) was 99%, and the similarity sequence of dissimilatory sulfite reductase gene (DSR) cloned from the strain and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (AF273034) was 98%. Their phylogenitic analysis was basically anastomosed, and thus temporarily named as Desulfovibrio desulfuricans F8. The DSR cloned from F8 strain was 2740 bp in length consisting of three ORF, DSRA, DSRB and DSRD as a single operon (DSRABD) regulated by the same operator. DSRA contained typical conservative box of sulfate—sulfite reducing enzyme (SiteⅠand SiteⅡ), which could bind siroheme and [Fe4S4]. DSRB retained a [Fe4S4] binding site, with an uncomplimentary structure for siroheme binding. There was no conservative box in DSRD. Sequence analysis of DSR will provide a theoretical basis for quantitative detection, metabolic pathway modification through gene engineering, and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) suppression.     

产氢产乙酸互营共培养体7-m-2a的生长代谢特性

为了对产氢产乙酸互营共培养体的扩大培养和应用奠定基础,采用静态培养实验,考察了碳源、氮源、温度和pH等因素对前期分离得到的新型共培养体7-m-2a的生长代谢特性的影响.结果表明,产氢产乙酸互营共培养体7-m-2a对丙酸、丁酸和苯甲酸都具有很高的转化率,其最适宜碳源为丁酸,不易利用葡萄糖和蔗糖;以蛋白胨和酵母粉混合物为氮源时,其生长代谢活动最旺盛,适宜的pH和温度分别为8.0和45℃.     

一株乳酸菌培养条件优化及菌种鉴定

针对取自某工厂的一株未知乳酸菌种进行菌株的培养条件优化及菌种鉴定。以乳酸菌在不同固体培养基中的菌落数、菌落大小及溶钙圈大小为检测指标确定乳酸菌分离培养基为最优乳酸菌固体培养基。在此基础上,对其固体和半固体形式中的生长情况进行比较,发现半固体培养较固体培养更适于乳酸菌生长。通过对乳酸菌生长曲线、pH-t曲线的绘制,了解了此种乳酸菌的生长特性。通过菌落形态观察以及生化鉴定实验,如：吲哚试验、接触酶试验、运动性检测、糖发酵试验等鉴定出此种乳酸菌为德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种。     

Isolation and characterization of YNTC- 1, a novel Alicyclobacillus sendaiensis strain

A heterotrophic acidothermophilic bacterial strain, YNTC-1, was isolated from an acidic hot spring in Tengchong, Yunan, China. YNTC-1 grows at pH value of 1.5-8.0 and temperature of 40-70℃, with optimal pH and temperature at 3.0 and 55℃,respectively. The cells of the strain are in shape of short rod, with 1.0-1.2 μm in length and 0.7-0.8 μm in diameter, and with distinct spores at both poles of each cell. The predominant fatty acids in cellular membrane of the strain are C18:1ω7c. 16s rRNA gene analysis reveals that this strain is closely related to Alicyclobacillus sendaiensis, with over 99% sequence similarity. Based on phenotypie and genotypic analyses, YNTC-1 is identified as a member ofA. sendaiensis. Considering some important morphological and biochemical differences between strain YNTC-1 and A. sendaiensis ATCC 27009T, YNTC-1 may be proposed to be a novel subspecies of A. sendaiensis. However, this viewpoint has to be confirmed by further studies. Co-bioleaching of pyrite and chalcopyrite with strain YN22, Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans, shows that strain YNTC-1 has no evident influence on bioleaching rates of these two sulphide minerals.     

一株枯草芽孢杆菌分离鉴定及其降解稠油特性

以稠油为唯一碳源,从被稠油污染过的土壤中筛选到一株高效石油烃降解茵,经生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA鉴定确认其为枯草芽孢杆茵.在摇瓶实验中,该菌最佳降解温度为35～45℃,最佳pH值为7.5～8.5,最佳盐质量浓度为8～16 g/L.在最佳降解条件下,当油质量浓度为0.1 g/L时,稠油降解率达34.3%.利用GC-nD分析知,该茵主要降解稠油中n-C9～n-C40的烷烃组分;利用GC-MS分析得知,该茵对蔡及烷基化萘去除彻底,对二苯并噻吩、芴和稠二萘等部分芳烃类化合物有降解作用,在稠油降解过程中菲及菲的衍生物有所增加.     

Isolation and characterization of YNTC-1, a novel Alicyclobacillus sendaiensis strain

A heterotrophic acidothermophilic bacterial strain, YNTC-1, was isolated from an acidic hot spring in Tengchong, Yunan, China. YNTC-1 grows at pH value of 1.5-8.0 and temperature of 40-70 ℃, with optimal pH and temperature at 3.0 and 55 ℃, respectively. The cells of the strain are in shape of short rod, with 1.0-1.2 μm in length and 0.7-0.8 μm in diameter, and with distinct spores at both poles of each cell. The predominant fatty acids in cellular membrane of the strain are C18：1 ω7c. 16s rRNA gene analysis reveals that this strain is closely related to Alicyclobacillus sendaiensis, with over 99% sequence similarity. Based on phenotypic and genotypic analyses, YNTC-1 is identified as a member ofA. sendaiensis. Considering some important morphological and biochemical differences between strain YNTC-1 and A. sendaiensis ATCC 27009T, YNTC-1 may be proposed to be a novel subspecies of A. sendaiensis. However, this viewpoint has to be confirmed by further studies. Co-bioleaching of pyrite and chalcopyrite with strain YN22, Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans, shows that strain YNTC-1 has no evident influence on bioleaching rates of these two sulphide minerals.     

Use of mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria for the improvement of copper extraction from a low-grade ore

Bioleaching was examined for copper extraction from a low grade ore using mesophilic and moderate thermophilic bacteria. Five equal size columns were used for the leaching of the ore. Sulfuric acid solution with a flow rate of 3.12 L·m-2·h-1 and pH 1.5 passed through each column continuously for 90 d. In the first and the second column, bioleaching was performed without agglomeration of the ore and on the agglomerated ore, respectively. 28wt% of the copper was extracted in the first column after 40 d, while...     

高烈度区某天燃气工程指挥部隔震加固设计与施工

针对新疆某天燃气工程指挥部的抗震问题,对其采用隔震技术进行加固,并采用“抱柱托梁加垫”和“夹墙梁”的方法进行施工,确保其上部结构安全。采用国际通用的三维空间有限元软件ETABS对其进行建模分析,并用时程分析方法对其进行隔震加固设计分析。在此基础上,分析了其减震效果,并介绍了本工程采用的施工工艺及相应的关键技术。结果表明：该工程隔震加固效果比较显著,能较好地满足现行规范和使用功能的要求,故对其进行隔震加固设计与施工是可行的。