利用双层培养基筛选烟草抗赤星病突变体

在接种有赤星病菌(Alternaria alternata)的双层培养基上,成功地从高感赤星病烟草品种 NC89的花药中诱导出突变体苗,对这些突变体苗进行了离体抗病性鉴定,结果表明:其中70％的植株不同程度地表现赤星病抗性,部分表现高度抗性。     

利用赤星病菌毒素快速高通量鉴定烟草抗性种质的方法研究

为寻求一种快速高通量筛选鉴定烟草抗赤星病种质或材料的方法,本研究以烟草（Nicotiana tobacum L.）种质净叶黄、Beinhart1000-1、NC89 和G140 作为供试材料,利用烟草赤星病菌毒素就烟草种质对赤星病的抗病性鉴定方法进行研究,试验设计3 种鉴定方法：毒素液浸根法、毒素液浸种法和毒素培养基法.为验证毒素培养基法鉴定结果的可靠性,对烟草种质材料净叶黄、Beinhart1000-1、NC89、G140、K326、G28 和中烟100 的室内鉴定结果,与其对烟草赤星病的田间抗性鉴定结果进行了相关性分析.结果表明,室内鉴定结果与田间鉴定结果之间极显著相关（r=-0.9588）,室内鉴定结果可准确反映烟草种质对赤星病的抗病性.     

一个与净叶黄抗赤星病基因紧密连锁的SSR标记

为了在分子水平上弄清烟草赤星病抗性的遗传规律,并进行遗传定位,以抗赤星病品种净叶黄和感赤星病品种NC82为亲本,构建了F₁、F₂、BC₁ 代群体。通过对该群体进行赤星病接种鉴定和抗性遗传分析,发现净叶黄对赤星病的抗性由显性多基因控制。通过分子标记群体扩增,在第M号连锁群上,筛选到一个与净叶黄的赤星病抗性基因紧密连锁的SSR标记,它与抗性基因间的遗传距离为4 cM。该标记可用于抗赤星病育种的辅助选择。     

两个烟草赤星病抗源的遗传分析

以高抗赤星病烟草品种净叶黄(JYH)、Beinhart1000-1(Beinhart)和感病品种NC82为材料分别构建了2个杂交组合的P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂四世代群体,成熟期赤星病菌人工接种鉴定后,采用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对JYH和Beinhart两个材料进行抗性分析,结果表明,两者的赤星病抗性均受两对加性-完全显性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制。组合1的加性效应以第1对主基因为主,且多基因的加性效应大于显性效应;组合2的两对主基因负向加性效应相等,且多基因的显性效应大于加性效应;2个组合F₂群体主基因遗传率分别为64.72%和63.88%,表明赤星病的抗性遗传以主基因效应为主,并且受环境影响较大。     

不同抗性烟草品种内源激素对赤星病胁迫的响应差异

为进一步明确烟株内源激素与赤星病抗性的关系,以抗赤星病烟草品种净叶黄和感病品种长脖黄为研究对象,通过盆栽种植并接种赤星病菌,比较不同抗性品种内源激素含量对赤星病胁迫的响应差异。研究结果显示,在赤星病胁迫下,净叶黄、长脖黄的脱落酸（ABA）含量和乙烯（ET）释放量均呈上升趋势,而生长素（IAA）以及细胞分裂素（CTK）含量表现为降低。同时,赤星病胁迫导致净叶黄的赤霉素（GA）、茉莉酸（JA）含量增加,引起长脖黄的JA含量降低,GA含量则先增加后降低。与净叶黄相比,长脖黄的ABA含量增幅较小,而GA、IAA、CTK与JA含量降幅较大,并且ET释放量较高。综上,在赤星病胁迫下,内源激素的含量差异以及变化幅度可以反映不同品种的抗病能力。     

“净叶黄”抗赤星病遗传规律的测定

净叶黄是从长脖黄的原始群体中途育出来的高抗赤星病种质，为进一步提高该种质的利用率，设置了正、反交，回交及自交试验。通过对其后代大量表现型的分析，摸清了净叶黄抗赤星病的遗传规律。初步结论：净叶黄抗赤星病受显性基因控制，抗病性已稳定，遗传力强，杂交成功率高，易于利用。与净叶黄杂交育成的品种，对赤星病均有一定的抗性。     

新引国外烤烟品种的抗病性鉴定

为选育和利用抗病品种,有效防治烟草病害,采用人工诱发抗病性鉴定的方法进行了9个新引进的烤烟品种对烟草黑胫病、TMV、赤星病的抗性鉴定.结果表明:PVH2254,PVH2306,PVH2299抗性最好,高抗TMV,抗黑胫病,中抗赤星病;RGH04抗黑胫病,高抗TMV,中感赤星病,PVH2110和K326PVY中抗黑胫病、赤星病,感TMV;PVH1452抗黑胫病,感TMV,中感赤星病;NC71抗黑胫病,中感TMV和赤星病.     

抗PVYN烟草突变株SN01的筛选及其生理生化特性

为筛选出烟草抗PVYN种质资源,利用病毒汁液摩擦接种法,从烤烟品种NC89烟株中筛选出一株自然突变的抗PVYN变异株,留取其种子编号为SN01.接种PVYN后,对抗病植株SN01与常规NC89烟株的总酚、类黄酮、丙二醛含量以及多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性进行了比较.结果表明:在接种后第12 d烟草抗PVYN突变株SN01的总酚和类黄酮含量最高,高于常规NC89,丙二醛含量基本无变化,PPO活性在接种后第15 d有小幅度升高,但明显低于接种后常规NC89的PPO活性,说明在接种PVYN后抗病突变株与常规NC89烟株的生理指标有明显差异,抗病突变株对病毒的侵染有较强的抵抗和调节能力.     

烤烟品种和打顶时期对赤星病抗性的作用

对生产上主要栽培的烤烟品种和抗源材料进行抗病性比较 ,结果表明 ,中烟 90、净叶黄、许金 4号抗病性较强 ,K32 6、G2 8属中抗品种 ,G140、NC89、红花大金元等为感病品种。通过烟株不同时期打顶试验 ,表明现蕾期打顶较盛花期打顶烟草赤星病发病重 ,差异达到极显著水平     

烟草突变体筛选与鉴定方法篇:2.烟草抗主要病虫害突变体的筛选与鉴定

参照烟草品种抗病性鉴定标准GB/T 23224—2008,烟草基因组计划重大专项"烟草突变体创制、筛选与分析"建立了烟草抗病毒病、青枯病、黑胫病、赤星病、烟蚜的高通量筛选方法,将全面开展烟草抗主要病虫害突变体的大量筛选与鉴定工作。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the