Nonlinear control of interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor

This paper presents a novel speed control technique for an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive based on newly developed adaptive backstepping technique. The proposed stabilizing feedback law for the IPMSM drive is shown to be globally asymptotically stable in the context of Lyapunov theory. The adaptive backstepping technique takes system nonlinearities into account in the control system design stage. The detailed derivations of the control laws have been given for controller design. The complete IPMSM drive incorporating the proposed backstepping control technique has been successfully implemented in real-time using digital signal processor board DS1102 for a laboratory 1-hp motor. The performance of the proposed drive is investigated both in experiment and simulation at different operating conditions. It is found that the proposed control technique provides a good speed tracking performance for the IPMSM drive ensuring the global stability.     

High-efficiency line-start interior permanent-magnet synchronous motors

This paper presents a successful design of a high-efficiency small but novel interior permanent-magnet motor using NdBFe magnets. It is designed to operate both at line and variable frequencies. Line start with high inertia load was a special consideration. Time-stepping finite-element analysis has been used to successfully predict the dynamic and transient performances of the prototype motors. It has been found that the proposed design has yielded successful simulation and experimental results. The maximum load inertia corresponding to the rotor-bar depth has been determined from the simulation results.     

Development and implementation of a hybrid intelligent controller for interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor drives

A hybrid neuro-fuzzy scheme for online tuning of a genetic-based proportional-integral (PI) controller for an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive is presented in this paper. The proposed controller is developed for accurate speed control of the IPMSM drive under various system disturbances. In this work, initially different operating conditions are obtained based on motor dynamics incorporating uncertainties. At each operating condition a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the PI controller parameters in a closed-loop vector control scheme. In the optimization procedure a performance index is developed to reflect the minimum speed deviation, minimum settling time and zero steady-state error. A fuzzy basis function network (FBFN) is utilized for online tuning of the PI controller parameters to ensure optimum drive performance under different disturbances. The proposed FBFN-based PI controller provides a natural framework for combining numerical and linguistic information in a uniform fashion. The proposed controller is successfully implemented in real time using a digital signal processor board DS 1102 for a laboratory 1-hp IPMSM. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified by simulation as well as experimental results at different dynamic operating conditions. The proposed controller is found to be robust for applications in an IPMSM drive.     

An efficiency-optimizing permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive

A permanent magnet synchronous-motor drive that uses and adaptive control to find the maximum-efficiency operating point at any speed and load is demonstrated. Active damping is provided by modulating the inverter frequency in proportion to the perturbations in the average inverter DC link current. All principal control functions, including efficiency optimization and frequency modulation, are performed by a real-time digital control algorithm, using only the filtered inverter DC link current as a feedback signal from the inverter. Laboratory tests and computer simulations demonstrate the performance of the efficiency-optimizing control and the frequency-modulation feedback loop     

Transient performance analysis for permanent-magnet hysteresis synchronous motor

The combination of hysteresis and permanent-magnet materials in the rotor of a self-starting synchronous motor makes the motor analysis very difficult due to its inherent nonlinearity. This paper presents the simulation results of the transient performance of permanent magnet hysteresis synchronous (PMHS) motors. The major feature in this study is to combine the time-stepping finite-element technique with the model for B-H hysteresis loop in order to take the nonlinear magnetic hysteresis into account. The good agreement between computed and measured performance in a laboratory PMHS motor validates the proposed analysis.     

永磁同步电动机的有限时间跟踪控制

针对永磁同步电动机绕组相电流和转速强耦合特性,基于永磁同步电动机精确的数学模型,依据中继切换控制机制和有限时间收敛的终端滑动模态控制机制,研究了永磁同步电动机的有限时间跟踪问题,给出了其终端滑模控制器的设计方案。在所设计的控制作用下,闭环系统将在有限时间内达到平衡状态,保证了闭环系统所有信号的有界性和平衡点的全局稳定性,系统在有限时间内精确地跟踪给定的参考信号。对永磁同步电动机模型进行了数值仿真,结果表明,在所设计的终端滑模控制器作用下,系统的跟踪误差在有限时间内达到零,验证了所提算法的正确和有效性。     

单相永磁同步电动机脉振转矩的分析和计算

利用F－B－O坐标系统下单相永磁同步电动机异步稳态运行的数学模型，推导出任何转差率下的电磁转矩表达式。结合状态空间数学模型，对起动过程中的脉振转矩进行了分析和计算。     

大型永磁同步电机在北欧国家的研究活动调查

本文概述了大型永磁同步电机在北欧国家的研究状况。研究发现,北欧国家在大型永磁同步电机的发展中处于领先地位。这主要得益于其悠久的造船传统,大型永磁同步电机的广泛应用及在风能转化方面的开拓。研究的焦点主要集中在运用径向磁通的永磁电机上,但最近几年,人们同样也把注意力集中在运用轴向及横向磁通的永磁电机上。大型永磁同步电机已开始在工业生产中得以应用,如ABB公司小型azipod中运用的径向磁通电机,Siemens公司的径向磁通潜艇发动机以及Jeumont在风力涡轮机中运用轴向磁通发电机。目前,欧洲大型电机生产商在他们多种多样的产品中运用径向磁通的同时正在开发轴向磁通技术,而较小且更专业的公司在他们的应用中研发出了轴向磁通电机。     

Sensorless initial rotor position estimation of surface permanent-magnet synchronous motor

This paper presents a method of estimating the initial rotor position of a surface permanent-magnet synchronous motor without a position sensor. The estimation is performed by using the nonlinear magnetization characteristics of the stator core caused by the magnet of the rotor. This method is based on the principle that the d-axis current value for the voltage vector applied to the motor under some conditions increases as the voltage vector generated from the inverter approaches the N pole of the rotor. During the estimation process, the rotor is practically at standstill. The experimental results show that the average of the estimation error is /spl plusmn/3.8 electrical degrees.     

基于Ansoft的永磁同步磁阻电机建模与仿真

采用Ansoft公司的maxwell 2D模型建立永磁同步磁阻电机模型,构建一个完整的仿真系统.通过对PMa_SynRM模型的有限元分析,得出反电势曲线,以及转子位置变化对应的转矩与磁场的分布情况,并得到最大转矩下弱磁控制角度,仿真结果为PMa_SynRM的优化设计及进一步研究提供了理论依据.     

无速度传感器的永磁同步电动机直接转矩控制

针对电机驱动系统安装传感器带来的成本高、可靠性低、维护困难等问题,在叙述永磁同步电动机直接转矩控制原理的基础上,采用基于转子磁链位置的方法采估算电机转速,并在MATLAB SIMULINK下建立系统的仿真模型.仿真结果验证了该无速度传感器估算方案在电机全速范围内都能较好地估计电机真实转速,并且具有良好的动静态性能.     

Modeling, simulation, and analysis of permanent-magnet motordrives. I. The permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive

The application of vector control to the PMSM (permanent-magnet synchronous motor) is described, and complete modeling, simulation, and analysis of the drive system are presented. State-space models of the motor and speed controller and real-time models of the inverter switches and vector controller are included. Performance differences due to the use of pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) and hysteresis current controllers are also examined. Particular attention is paid to the motor torque pulsations and speed response. Some experimental verification of the drive performance is also given     

Sensorless rotor position estimation of an interior permanent-magnet motor from initial states

This paper describes a torque, speed, or position control method at standstill and low speed in the interior permanent-magnet motor (IPMM) drive system without any rotational transducer. While IPMMs have originally magnetic saliency, it varies according to the load conditions and the control performance can be easily degraded. In this paper, the saliency or impedance difference is used as the conventional methods and, nevertheless, in order to amplify the difference containing the information of the rotor angle and to maintain a reasonable performance under any load condition a high-frequency injection scheme is proposed. A speed and position estimation scheme based on the characteristics of the high-frequency impedance is proposed. The scheme extracts the high-frequency impedance components related to the rotor position. An initial angle estimation scheme for starting from an arbitrary rotor position is also proposed. It can distinguish the north magnetic pole position from the south one in several decade milliseconds. The proposed scheme enables position control of a transducerless or position-sensorless IPMM. The experimental results clarify the satisfactory operation of the proposed position control algorithm under any load condition.     

Initial rotor position estimation of an interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine using carrier-frequency injection methods

This work presents a method using carrier-frequency injection to estimate the initial rotor position and magnetic polarity for an interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine. A nonsaturating inductance model of the machine provides no information about the polarity of the rotor magnet because the position observer based on this model is locally stable at both poles. To distinguish the polarity of the rotor magnet, the magnetic saturation effect can be used. The Taylor series can be used to describe the nonlinear magnetic saturation relationship between the current and the flux linkage in the d-axis rotor reference frame. The second-order term produces the second harmonic component of the carrier frequency, and the sign of its coefficient identifies the polarity of the rotor magnet being tracked. Both simulation and experimental results show good response of the position observer at several rotor electrical positions using either a rotating vector in the stationary reference frame or a oscillating vector in the estimated rotor reference frame.     

考虑磁场饱和效应的凸极同步电动机建模

针对常规线性磁场模型难以准确描述凸极同步电动机的稳态和动态特性,磁场饱和效应严重影响高性能电动机驱动系统的控制精确度,对凸极同步电动机磁场饱和模型进行了研究.阐述了电动机d-q轴交叉饱和的机理,采用稳态饱和电感,动态饱和电感以及交叉饱和电感来表述磁场非线性的特征,建立了凸极同步电动机非线性磁场饱和模型,同时给出了其状态空间方程.采用矢量控制策略对凸极同步电动机的磁场饱和模型进行仿真分析,结果表明电动机的励磁电流能根据磁场饱和程度做出准确的响应建立电动机的磁场,d-q轴电流和负载功角的变化规律完全符合磁场饱和运行工况,验证了模型的有效性.     

Uncontrolled generation in interior permanent-magnet Machines

The movement toward higher power automotive electrical systems has spurred research into low-cost alternators capable of operating over a wide constant-power speed range. A promising candidate for this application is a specially designed interior permanent-magnet (IPM) machine operating in uncontrolled generation (UCG). This paper investigates the modeling and performance of IPM machines in UCG. The concept of the voltage-current locus is introduced to explain the presence of hysteresis in the machine stator current and this effect is experimentally demonstrated. The effect of nonidealities such as magnetic saturation and stator resistance are also examined, to achieve a more accurate steady-state and dynamic modeling of the machine behavior. The predictions of these models are tested against experimental results.     

粘着控制中的交流永磁同步电机调速控制研究

交流永磁同步电机的模型参数辨识精度是影响电机矢量控制方法性能的关键.基于此,在交流永磁同步电机同步旋转坐标系的数学模型下,提出了一种交流永磁同步电机模型参数的辨识方法,采用直轴电流阶跃响应实验同时辨识定子电阻和直轴电感,脉冲电压实验检测交轴电感,速度驱动实验检测转子磁通.在电机模型参数辨识结果的基础上,讨论了基于矢量控制的交流永磁同步电机调速控制系统电流环和速度环的设计方法.在基于TMS320F2812 DSP的电力机车粘着控制实验平台上进行了实验研究.实验结果表明电机模型参数辨识方法的有效性,调速系统具有良好的动态和稳态性能.     

Implementation of an artificial-neural-network-based real-time adaptive controller for an interior permanent-magnet motor drive

This paper presents the implementation of an artificial-neural-network (ANN)-based real-time adaptive controller for accurate speed control of an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) under system uncertainties. A field-oriented IPMSM model is used to decouple the flux and torque components of the motor dynamics. The initial estimation of coefficients of the proposed ANN speed controller is obtained by offline training method. Online training has been carried out to update the ANN under continuous mode of operation. Dynamic backpropagation with the Levenburg-Marquardt algorithm is utilized for online training purposes. The controller is implemented in real time using a digital-signal-processor-based hardware environment to prove the feasibility of the proposed method. The simulation and experimental results reveal that the control architecture adapts and generalizes its learning to a wide range of operating conditions and provides promising results under parameter variations and load changes.     

Fault detection and fault-tolerant control of interior permanent-magnet motor drive system for electric vehicle

This work presents a control strategy that provides fault tolerance to the major sensor faults which may occur in an interior-permanent-magnet-motor (IPMM)-based electric vehicle propulsion drive system. Failures of a position sensor, a dc-link voltage sensor, and current sensors are all included in the study assuming no multiple faults. For each possible sensor fault, a corresponding method of detection or diagnosis is provided. Additionally, once the fault is detected, the control scheme is automatically reconfigured to provide post-fault operational capability. A state observer is used to provide missing current information in the case of current sensor faults. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of both the fault detection algorithm and the reconfigurable control scheme. The resulting IPMM drive system proves to be resilient to sensor failures while providing smooth transition to the post-fault operational mode.     

Optimization of the constant power speed range of a saturated permanent-magnet synchronous motor

This paper proposes an optimization procedure for interior permanent-magnet synchronous machines to achieve wide-speed operation. This method applies on motors with a finite maximum speed. The method takes into account the effect of saturation. Nonlinear models of the d- and q-axes flux linkages are obtained from finite-element analysis and are used to derive the power capability of the machine. These models are combined with response-surface method and genetic algorithms to optimize its constant power speed range.