板坯连铸过程数值模拟分析

基于传热学基本原理、凝固理论和有限单元法,建立了凝固传热有限差分数学模型,对连铸凝固全过程进行模拟分析,结果表明,拉速越大,铸坯中心及表面温度越高,出结晶器坯壳厚度越薄;过热度增大,铸坯中心及表面温度均上升,出结晶器坯壳厚度减薄;冷却水量相对增大时,铸坯出结晶器坯壳厚度增大,二冷区温度下降较快。连铸坯凝固模型可用来确定常规拉速范围及不同拉速下的凝固壳厚度、凝固末端位置以及铸坯表面温度分布。     

小方坯连铸机结晶器凝固传热的分析

根据安钢德马克小方坯的现场数据，建立了小方坯连铸机结晶器的二维凝固传热模型，采用有限差分法对数学模型求解，得到铸坯在结晶器内的表面温度分布和坯壳的生长规律，同时讨论了拉速、过热度、结晶器冷却水强度对铸坯的表面温度和坯壳生长的影响．     

方坯连铸结晶器凝固传热的有限元数值模拟

根据方坯结晶器的传热特点,研究了方坯连铸机结晶器二维非稳态凝固传热的有限元模型,应用ANSYS软件预测在浇注过程中结晶器的温度分布和凝固状态,分析了拉速、浇注温度及结晶器圆角半径对铸坯温度和坯壳厚度的影响.结果表明,经模型计算得出坯壳厚度值与现场测定拉漏数据基本相符.     

凝固末端电磁搅拌和轻压下复合技术对大方坯高碳钢偏析和中心缩孔的影响

基于ANSYS软件建立了310 mm×360 mm断面大方坯连铸过程二维凝固传热数学模型,并采用窄面射钉试验及铸坯表面测温试验对模型的准确性进行了验证.通过模型研究了过热度、拉速和二冷比水量对铸坯中心固相率以及凝固坯壳分布的影响,并结合高碳耐磨球钢BU的高温拉伸试验结果,确定了最佳的拉速以及最优轻压下压下区间要求.通过工业试验对理论模型进行了验证,并分析研究了拉速对采用凝固末端电磁搅拌(F-EMS)以及凝固末端17 mm大压下量的轻压下技术生产310 mm×360 mm断面大方坯高碳耐磨球钢BU铸坯的偏析和中心缩孔的影响.结果表明:采用凝固末端电磁搅拌和轻压下复合技术,通过调整拉速优先满足轻压下压下区间要求,可显著降低中心偏析、V型偏析及中心缩孔,但如果仅达到凝固末端电磁搅拌位置要求时,则铸坯中心质量不会得到明显改善.拉速为0.52 m·min-1且轻压下压下区间铸坯中心固相率为0.30~0.75时,偏析和中心缩孔有很大程度的改善,不合理的压下量分配会引起铸坯出现内裂纹以及中心负偏析.      

宝钢厚板连铸机结晶器凝固传热模型的研究和开发

以宝钢厚板连铸机结晶器一冷传热过程为研究对象,结合高温铸坯在结晶器内的实际热量传输规律,建立了宝钢厚板连铸机结晶器凝固和传热模型.结晶器内凝固传热过程分为凝固坯壳传热、缝隙间传热和结晶器铜板传热,其中结晶器缝隙问传热模型综合考虑了气隙、保护渣和振痕对传热的影响.利用Fortran语言对模型进行编程,开发出相应的结晶器凝固和传热仿真软件Moheat.结合厚板连铸机结晶器生产数据,对模型进行了验证.所得计算结果符合实际测量值.利用该软件能够对不同生产工艺下的凝固坯壳厚度、坯壳表面温度、结晶器铜板温度、冷却水温差以及结晶器理想锥度等进行计算,分析和优化结晶器一冷制度,指导连铸生产.     

珠钢CSP薄板坯凝固层厚度研究

结合珠钢生产实际情况，采用射钉法来测定二冷区不同位置的凝固坯壳厚度，试验结果表明，4．8m／min拉速下铸坯液芯长度为4820mm，4．5m／min拉速下铸坯液芯为4490mm，两种拉速下连铸坯坯壳厚度的实际测量结果与凝固传热模型计算结果一致。整个凝固过程坯壳厚度生长符合平方根定律。     

高碳耐磨球钢大方坯凝固及坯壳生长规律研究

基于ANSYS软件建立了310mm×360mm断面大方坯连铸过程二维凝固传热数学模型,通过窄面射钉试验及铸坯表面测温对模型的准确性进行了验证,模拟了不同碳含量的高碳耐磨球钢大方坯宽面和窄面凝固坯壳的生长。结果表明模型能精确地获得不同工况下任意位置凝固坯壳的厚度分布、凝固终点位置及铸坯中心固相率;发现不同碳含量的高碳耐磨球钢具有相同的凝固规律:结晶器弯月面至二冷区出口,相应的铸坯柱状晶区凝固坯壳厚度与凝固时间的平方根呈线性关系,符合平方根定律,并对平方根定律进行了修正,修正项与过热度有关;二冷区出口至凝固终点,相应的铸坯等轴晶区凝固坯壳厚度与凝固时间的平方根呈非线性关系,不再符合平方根定律。     

Φ800 mm圆坯Q355NE凝固传热数值模拟和工艺实践

以钢厂断面尺寸为Φ800 mm圆坯Q355NE为研究对象,建立大圆坯传热模型,在不采用结晶器电磁搅拌的条件下,研究拉速和过热度对凝固过程的影响规律。结果表明：拉速对坯壳厚度、凝固终点位置和中心固相率的影响高于过热度,拉速每增加0.02 m·min^-1,凝固终点后移2.6 m左右;过热度升高10℃,凝固终点后移0.21 m左右。实际生产中,二冷比水量0.18 L·kg^-1、过热度25℃、拉速0.14 m·min^-1时,出结晶器坯壳厚度超过43 mm,末端电磁搅拌充分发挥作用,铸坯中心疏松和中心缩孔较结晶器电磁搅拌(300 A/1.5 Hz)、二冷比水量0.18 L·kg^-1、过热度25℃、拉速0.16 m·min^-1工艺有所改善。     

连铸板坯凝固传热过程的计算机模拟

建立了板坯连铸的凝固传热数学模型，充分考虑了弧形铸坯的几何特点，采用有限单元法求解控制方程。通过变参数φ来考虑铸坯内钢水和两相糊状区的导热系数，计算了参数φ、结晶热通量、拉速和二冷强度对铸坯表面温度和坯壳厚度的影响。结果表明，模型的准确性得到提高，拉速对固液界面有明显影响，二冷强度对铸坯表面温度影响非常大。     

基于连续模型的板坯连铸凝固过程的数值模拟

结合实际测量数据，建立了基于连续模型的板坯连铸过程流场、温度场和凝固的三维耦合数学模型。计算结果表明：该模型可用于描述连铸板坯结晶器和整个二冷喷水区的凝固进程；凝固坯壳的生长限制了流体流动的空间，加快了水口出口钢流的动量衰减；流体流动加快了铸坯内部传热机制由对流向热传导传热的转变进程，控制了两相区的发展。     

16MnNb钢圆坯连铸二冷制度的研究

 以某钢厂圆坯连铸机为研究对象,建立了连铸坯凝固传热模型。在不同拉速下对280 mm断面圆坯二次冷却过程进行仿真优化,确定了16MnNb钢合适的二冷制度。根据仿真结果,在最小工作拉速(0.9 m/min)下,矫直点处铸坯内弧表面中心温度为947 ℃,有效避开了铸坯的二次低延性区。在最大工作拉速(1.2 m/min)下,铸坯出结晶器时,其凝固坯壳厚度为19 mm,二冷初期产生漏钢等质量问题的可能性较小。不同拉速下,横断面温度场分布均匀。经低倍检测发现,铸坯表面及内部质量良好,无裂纹、疏松、缩孔等质量缺陷。     

大方坯连铸二冷区凝固坯壳厚度测试

应用"射钉法"测试了攀钢2#大方坯连铸典型钢种在工作拉速下凝固末端附近的凝固坯壳厚度,获得了凝固坯壳厚度、凝固末端位置与连铸拉速和冷却强度的关系,为优化连铸工艺,控制连铸坯凝固终点位置和制定合理的轻压下工艺制度提供了重要依据.     

Effect of Electromagnetic Stirring on Molten Steel Flow and Solidification in Bloom Mold

The effect of electromagnetic stirring on molten steel flow and heat transfer in a 260 mm× 300 mm bloom mold was investigated by using a method combining both finite element method and finite volume method. The simu lation results related to magnetic fields were consistent with the onsite measured data. The magnetic flux density in creased with increasing the current intensity but decreased with increasing the current frequency. Electromagnetic stirring caused molten steel to flow with rotation on a horizontal section and two sets of recirculation regions with opposite fellow directions in a longitudinal section formed. The maximum tangential velocity increased with increasing the current intensity and frequency. Furthermore, the superheat degree of the molten steel on the outlet cross section of the mold decreased with increasing the current intensity. growth zone of solidified shell in the effective stirring zone. bearing steel, the appropriate values of current intensity and to be 300 A and 3 Hz, respectively. Electromagnetic stirring caused the emergence of a zero For the 260 mm N 300 mm bloom continuous caster of current frequency of electromagnetic stirring were found     

Challenge to control mould heat transfer during thin slab casting

Abstract

At the thin slab caster of Tata Steel, IJmuiden, mild cooling mould powders were introduced with the aim to control the mould heat transfer during casting. These mild cooling mould powders are characterised by specific values of basicity, solidification point and chemical composition. Application of these mould powders resulted in a redistribution of mould heat transfer during casting, i.e. a reduced and more stable mould heat transfer in the critical upper part of the mould and an increased mould heat transfer in the lower part of the mould. The average mould heat transfer and hence the shell thickness at mould exit are comparable to the standard powder. The application of mild cooling mould powders also resulted in improved solidification behaviour of the steel shell. A thinner chill zone with smaller thickness variations was observed. Furthermore, it was found that the mould taper required optimisation to match the changes in shrinkage behaviour to ensure uniform solidification. The use of mild cooling powders was observed to give an increase in mould friction. Mould thermal monitoring indicated that the solid slag films fractured (sheeting) in the upper part of the mould. However, no operational problems were reported, which indicate that the first 200 mm under the steel meniscus is essential for initial solidification and for the formation of a homogeneous steel shell. All these findings can be understood by considering the crystallisation properties of the mould slag, which include the cooling rate. Mild cooling has been shown to provide uniform heat transfer and adequate lubrication for high speed thin slab casting.     

Analysis of variability and non-uniformity of mould heat extraction for round billet continuous casting in plant trials

Abstract

Maintaining a stable and uniform heat transfer from steel shell to mould is important to produce high quality casting billet. In the present paper, a large amount of measured data of heat flux and temperature for round billet continuous casting mould from a plant trial has been analysed to shed light on the variability and non-uniformity of mould heat transfer around the perimeter. The results show that the variability and non-uniformity of heat extraction from the steel through the mould is affected slightly by operational parameters, such as pouring temperature, casting speed, meniscus, electromagnetic stirring current, but strongly by the steel carbon content and mould powder type. The installation of the mould in caster machine determines the magnitude of non-uniformity of heat transfer to a great extent. The relative root mean square (rRMS) of mould heat flux, presenting the variability and non-uniformity of mould heat transfer around the perimeter in transverse section, has wider range of variation and higher mean value compared with that of temperature. When the abnormality of heat transfer happens, such as deposit, the non-uniformity of mould heat transfer is also studied.     

利用射钉法测量240mmx240mm铸坯凝固坯壳厚度

利用射钉法测定了连铸机生产240mm×240mm断面35CrMoA、20CrMoA、GCr15、60Si2MnA四个钢种的铸坯凝固坯壳厚度,并根据凝固定律计算了其液相穴长度和综合凝固系数;针对240mm×240mm方坯选择固相率0.70、0.75进行计算得出F-EMS在不同拉速条件下的电磁搅拌位置,分析了工艺参数对连铸机凝固系数的影响,提出的工艺优化措施为:改变电磁搅拌位置,F-EMS位置修正为根据高碳钢GCr15、60Si2MnA来安装,35CrMoA,20CrMoA,GCr15和60Si2MnA四钢种拉速值分别调整为0.80、0.81、0.78、0.80 m/min。工艺优化后铸坯质量得到明显改善,中心偏析级别≤0.5合格率由原来≤40%提高到100%,中心疏松级别≤1.5合格率由原来≤50%提高到≥90%。     

Solidification and Particle Entrapment during Continuous Casting of Steel

Avoiding particle entrapment into the solidifying shell of a steel continuous caster is important to improve the quality of the continuous cast product. Therefore, the fluid flow dynamics in the steel melt and mushy zone, heat transfer and solidification of the steel shell, as well as the motion and entrapment of inclusion particles during the casting process were investigated using computational models. Solidification of the strand shell is modelled with an enthalpy‐formulation by assuming a columnar morphology in the mushy zone. The motion of particles is tracked with a Lagrangian approach. When the particles reach the solidification front, they can be entrapped/engulfed into the solid shell or pushed away from the solidification front, depending on the mushy zone morphology and the forces acting on them. The current paper focuses on the mould region at a steel continuous caster, including the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) and 1.2 m length of the strand. The results are validated with plant measurements and demonstrate the potential of the model to predict fluid flow, shell growth and the positions and the amount of entrapped/engulfed particles in the solidifying strand.