食物抗衰老成分及其保健作用

综述了机体物致因、食物抗机体衰老的作用机理、不同食物抗氧化活性及其在贮藏加工过程中的变化。     

国外有关植物性食物成分预防疾病的研究进展

传统观点认为,食物对于人体具有2种功能:其一是营养功能,即通过摄取食物来满足人体生长发育和各种生理功能对营养素的需要;其二是愉悦功能,即在摄食过程中使人得到食物色、香、味的享受,同时也满足人体饱腹的要求。传统营养学主要关心第一种功能,即食物中各种营养素的生理作用。随着研究的逐步深入,     

提高运动成绩的食物成分

本文简单讨论了一些食物成分的生理功能及其对运动成绩的影响。中国的某些传统中草药，因对运动成绩有显著影响，也一并列入讨论。     

食物油炸过程中挥发性成分研究进展

油炸食品的特有风味与食物油炸过程中产生的挥发性成分有关。由于具有较强的挥发性和复杂性,这类物质的鉴定需要有效的气体收集方式和检测分析手段。本文介绍了挥发性成分的常用收集方法、检测技术和安全性分析等,论述了煎炸油直接加热、食物油炸模拟过程和实际食物油炸过程挥发性成分生成情况的研究进展,旨在为食物油炸安全性的提高、煎炸油脂使用期限的评价、油炸食品品质和安全性的改善提供新的研究思路。     

食物抗衰老成分及其保健作用

综述了机体衰老的致因、食物抗机体衰老的作用机理、不同食物抗氧化活性及其在贮藏加工过程中的变化。     

食物活性成分结肠靶向输送系统研究进展

随着肠道菌群的发现及其健康促进功能的明确,使得结肠的营养及健康状况受到大量关注。以结肠靶向输送体系为载体经口服主动向结肠递送食物活性成分,能够达到优化肠道菌群和/或维护结肠健康的效果。因此,食物活性成分结肠靶向输送体系是结肠功能性食品研发或结肠营养支持的技术核心。在查阅近10年相关文献的基础上,本文着重对食物活性成分（益生菌、疏水小分子活性物质、亲水小分子活性物质和大分子活性物质）结肠靶向输送体系的构建原理（pH敏感型输送系统、时间依赖型输送系统、菌群/酶触发型输送系统和其他类型输送系统）及其应用现状进行综述,并就食物活性成分结肠靶向输送体系研究开发所存在的问题及其发展方向进行阐述。     

绿茶茶汤中主要滋味成分及滋味定量描述分析的研究

通过主要滋味成分化学分析和滋味定量描述分析相结合技术对绿茶茶汤的滋味进行研究。结果表明,绿茶茶汤中各主要滋味成分含量差异较大;对于同一滋味成分而言,不同茶汤中的含量也有一定差异。茶多酚(TP)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)、表没食子儿茶素(EGC)、咖啡喊(Caf)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG)、芦丁(Rutin)、D-儿茶素(D-C)、表儿茶素(EC)、氨基酸(AA)等9个成分对绿茶茶汤滋味的贡献较大,各滋味间强度关系为涩味>苦味>鲜味>甜味。通过主成分分析提取出的2个主成分数据、绿茶茶汤滋味定量描述结果对35个绿茶样品分别进行聚类,结果表明绿茶茶汤中各滋味成分之间存在着协同作用。     

国外食物安全管理模式研究

世界各国大致形成了两种食物安全管理模式,即以美国为代表的多部门共同负责的模式和以加拿大、欧盟为代表的由一个独立部门进行统一管理的模式。而我国食物安全管理存在多元化及部门间协调不力、缺乏食品安全的系统监测与评价资料、法律法规不健全、未能全面采用与国际接轨的危险性评估技术和控制技术等问题。借鉴国外的相关经验对我国具有重要意义。     

FAO/INFOODS food composition database for biodiversity

Nutrient content can vary as much between different varieties of the same foods, as they do among different foods. Knowledge of varietal differences can therefore mean the difference between nutrient adequacy and inadequacy. The FAO/INFOODS food composition database for biodiversity has been developed with analytical data for foods described at the level of variety, cultivar and breed, and for underutilized and wild foods. It contains 6411 food entries and values for 451 components together with the bibliographic references and other information. The database is in MS Excel format and can be downloaded free-of-charge from the INFOODS website http://www.fao.org/infoods/biodiversity/index_en.stm. It is intended to annually publish new editions, making these data available for national and regional food composition databases. This database could be used to raise the awareness, promote and investigate food biodiversity and help to better estimate nutrient intakes.     

Interactions of gallotannins with proteins,amino acids,phospholipids and sugars

Gallotannins play contrasting roles in food quality. They exhibit strong antioxidative and antibacterial properties, and at the same time show certain antinutritional effects. To explore this possible effect of gallotannins, the interaction mechanism between gallotannins and typical food components was investigated. The molecular structure of gallotannins and their interactions with amino acids (glycine, alanine, proline and leucine) were first studied. It is proved that galloyl groups of gallotannins are hydrophobic sites and that these groups can interact with aliphatic side chains of amino acids through hydrophobic association. Further, the binding of gallotannins (1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-d-glucose (TGG) and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-d-glucose (PGG)) to typical proteins, phospholipids and sugars was examined quantitatively. It is indicated that gallotannins bound more to proteins (histone, bovine serum albumin, casein and gelatin) and phospholipids (l-α-lecithin, l-α-cephalin and sphingomyelin) than to sugars, and that PGG had stronger binding affinity to proteins, phospholipids and sugars than did TGG. The gallotannin–protein and gallotannin–phospholipid interactions were the result of cooperative effects of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic association, and hydrogen bonding was the predominant effect in the interactions between gallotannins and sugars.     

Immunomodulating effects of water-soluble extracts of traditional French Alps cheeses on a human T-lymphocyte cell line

The immunomodulation potential of four pressed-curd cheeses was studied in vitro on human T lymphocytes. T lymphocyte proliferation and metabolic activity were evaluated with optimized 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine and 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assays, respectively. The up to 4.6-fold stimulation of T-lymphocyte proliferation and metabolic activity by Abondance and Tomme de Savoie water-soluble extracts (WSEs) at the lag phase suggested the presence of immunomodulating compounds in these cheeses. Since peptides released from milk proteins during cheesemaking are potential immunomodulatory compounds, the high-performance liquid chromatography peptide profiles of the cheese WSEs were determined. While no correlation between peptide composition and in vitro immunomodulation of T-lymphocyte cells could be established, peptide quantity, size and hydrophobicity were related to cheesemaking technological parameters such as cheese age and cooking temperature.     

食品加工条件及主要成分对CPPs延缓磷酸钙沉淀能力的影响

对食品加工条件（温度、pH值）、食品中的主要组分（葡萄糖、蔗糖、淀粉、蛋白质）、及VC和苯甲酸钠等对CPP在pH8时延缓磷酸钙沉淀形成能力的影响进行了研究。其结果为：加热温度在100℃以下时,对CPP活性无影响,在pH8-9时CPP仍能延缓磷酸钙沉淀的形成;应用CPP时在蛋白质含量高、淀粉含量低的条件下较好。     

Detection of bacterial endotoxin in food: New planar interdigital sensors based approach

Food poisoning caused by endotoxins or Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are associated with Gram-negative bacteria. Two major food-borne pathogens, Escherichia coli and Salmonella are examples of Gram-negative bacteria which cause a large number of outbreaks of food poisoning. New types of planar interdigital sensors have been fabricated with different coating materials to assess their response to endotoxins. A carboxyl-functional polymer, APTES (3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane) and Thionine were chosen to be coated onto FR4 interdigital sensors. The chosen coating materials have carboxylic or amine functional groups, which were optimized to be stable in water. All coated sensors were immobilized with PmB (Polymyxin B) which has specific binding properties to LPS. The sensors were tested with different concentrations of LPS O111:B4, ranging from 0.1 to 1000 μg/ml. Analyses of sensors’ performance were based on the impedance spectroscopy method. The impedance spectra were modeled using a constant phase-element (CPE) equivalent circuit, and a principal component analysis (PCA) was used for data classification. Sensor coated with APTES has shown better selectivity for LPS detection. The experiments were repeated by coating APTES and immobilizing PmB to a new improve designed of novel interdigital sensors (thin film silicon based sensors). These sensors were observed to have better sensitivity and selectivity to the target biomolecules of LPS. Further experiments were conducted to study the effect of different coating thickness on sensor sensitivity, selectivity and stability. Different food samples contaminated with endotoxin were also tested to verify that the interdigital sensing approach is able to be used for endotoxin detection.     

洪泽凹陷顺河次凹无水芒硝矿床精细描述

通过对无水芒硝矿床的构造、厚度及分布特征等描述,认为顺河次凹矿层构造稳定;无水芒硝沉积厚度变化大,主要分布在次凹南部,北部缺失;主要矿层为Ⅷ层,具有分布范围广、厚度大、品位好的特点。通过对次凹内无水芒硝岩分布及岩矿特征的精细描述,指出了顺河次凹无水芒硝矿床的分布规律,对该区盐类矿床的勘探、开发具有十分重要的意义。     

辐照与真空包装联合作用对即食食品货架期的影响

为确定辐照与真空包装联合作用对室温条件下即食食品货架期的影响,并确定杀灭食品中腐败微生物和某些非芽孢致病微生物（乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌、痢疾志贺氏菌）的最低剂量进行本研究。采用的辐照剂量分别为２．５、５、１０、２０ｋＧｙ。实验结果表明,大多数经过辐照的即食食品在室温下均可保存２年,而且一些即食食品的试样在一年后变得非常干硬。杀灭即食食品腐败微生物的最低辐照剂量为２．５ｋＧｙ。用１．０×１０２～１．０×１０４／ｇ乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌人工污染真空包装条件下的即食食品,经过５ｋＧｙ的剂量照射后,可以有效地杀灭该致病菌,并在室温条件下存放２年仍未检出沙门氏菌。在相同条件下杀灭痢疾志贺氏菌的最低辐照剂量为２．５ｋＧｙ。辐照与真空包装联合作用可有效地延长室温条件下即食食品的货架期。     

A Comparison of Canadian and Colombian Food Inspection Systems

This article compares food inspection systems of Canada and Colombia. The Canadian Processed Products Establishment Inspection Manual (PPEIM) for products of plant origin is used as a model. The Canadian food inspection system has the advantage of including specific regulations per product type, making the establishment inspection more precise. Colombia lacks a sound health risk model to establishment inspection. The Canadian Health Risk Assessment Model might serve as a basis for building a health risk model. In Canada, establishment registration is mandatory and is a requisite for food product marketing. In Colombia, establishment inspection is mandatory but not requisite for product registration and marketing. Colombian regulations should be reviewed to make the food inspection system stronger and more soundly based on preventive dispositions, specifically establishment inspection as a prerequisite for product registration and marketing.

In Canada, specificity of inspection instruments such as the PPEIM increases food safety. In Colombia, the Food Processing Establishment Check List (FPECL) is not specific about product or process type. There is no specificity in regards to the control process, making this inspection instrument weak when inspecting different process types. In Colombia, there is a need for guide instruments such as a manual to support the FPECL assessment criteria used during establishment inspections. In Colombia, the FPECL does not include inspection of a recall system and process records.     

广东省保健食品产品现况研究

采用流行病学现况研究法对广东省１９９７年保健食品进行调查研究,发现在１５０个保健食品产品中,剂型以口服液（３３．３％）、胶囊（２４．７％）、片剂（１６．０％）为主,含既是食品又是药品的品种（下称药食两用品种）或中草药的保健食品占９０％,产品标签合格的达到９６．７％,口服液的平均产值最高,酒的平均利税最高。调查结果表明保健食品正朝着科学化、规范化方向发展     

Stability of electronic nose (e-nose) as determined by considering date-pits heated at different temperatures

Variability and sensitivity of a portable electronic nose (32 sensors) was assessed by considering different variables for measurement (i.e., reference, standard, first and second purges, sample draw time, waiting time for the volatiles released in the headspace, and mass of sample or headspace volume of the jar containing sample). In this study, dried date-pits were used a model sample. The highest stability was achieved when both reference and standard (i.e., dried date-pits, no heating treatment) were used before test sample measurement. Higher sample draw time more than 10 s significantly decreased the stability, whereas optimum second purge was observed at 50 s. Optimum time to generate volatile was observed as 24 h. A sample of 100 g increased the signal intensity compared to the 50 g sample for the 60°C and 100°C treated samples, while an opposite trend was observed for the 150°C treated sample. Finally, the responses of volatile components in date-pits heated at different temperatures (60°C, 100°C, and 150°C) were measured using the optimum operating conditions. Principal component analysis explored the relationships between the volatile features and classified date-pits heated at different temperatures. The results showed that an electronic nose was able to classify date-pits based on their volatile components generated by different degrees of heating (93.3% accuracy).