城市公共设施公平评价：物理可达性与时空可达性测度方法的比较

弄清可达性测度方法对公共设施公平研究具有重要意义。本文系统地比较了物理可达性与时空可达性两大类测度方法,前者是基于地方的、考察设施与个体日常生活位置之间的物质空间邻近度方法,受距离、交通方式或设施数量、质量影响,主要用于1970-1990年代的空间公平研究。后者是基于人的、考察个体使用设施机会的大小,受时间、空间、机动能力、偏好（NUM、NUMD、DUR）及设施质量（BAGG）等影响,主要用于21世纪以来偏重个体差异的社会公平研究。不同测度方法对公平问题的解释内容和机制不同,NUM、DUR、BAGG更适于质量异质的设施（如公园、学校、医院等）,而NUMD适于质量均质的设施（如办公部门、消防站、邮局等）。最后以基本可迭性方法为基础,介绍4种典型的综合公平分析模型在公共设施公平研究中的应用。     

Public Housing Residents as Clients of the State

State-welfare provision cushions individual citizens from the full impact of capitalist market economy. One of its consequences is the expansion of the rights of citizens in their claims for welfare provisions as citizenship entitlements. The government is obligated to meet these claims in order to maintain its mass loyalty and its legitimacy to rule. However, citizens' dependency on state provision renders them clients of the state, reducing their political power at the ballot box. This emasculating tendency reaches its logical conclusion when the state monopolises the provision of particular goods or services, it is then able to threaten to withhold provision, thus threatening the material life of particular societal segments, if electoral support were not forthcoming from the latter. This political dynamic is examined through the near universal public housing programme in the single-party dominant state of Singapore.     

Property Agents,Housing Markets and Housing Services in Transitional Urban China

This study examines the particular role, services and functions of property agents in the housing markets in mainland China. Since the implementation of housing market reforms, cities on the Chinese mainland have transferred from a centrally-directed, welfare-oriented housing system to a more decentralized, market-based one. Commodification of housing has expanded the opportunity of new market intermediaries to service the growing urban housing markets. Yet there appears to be little research on these agents, which bear similarity in name, but not exactly in operation, to those in a market society. Based upon insights from new institutional economics, this study examines how the existing institutions in China have constrained and facilitated their services in the housing transaction process. This micro-analytical study provides a different means towards understanding the market transformation of a socialist housing system.     

关于城市公益设施多功能作用的思考

城市公益设施是各级政府公共服务的重要内容,社会事业各个领域、各个行业都主管着与本行业相关的城市公益设施,但由于各领域相对独立,互不渗透,有些城市公益设施没有发挥有效作用.在这里将着重讨论公益设施发挥多功能作用问题,指出政府和社会事业行政主管部门应统筹协调城市公益设施的多功能作用,力求在规划建设、使用和管理方面有所突破,达到既让大多数民众受益又能节约公共财政投入、节约土地和保护环境的目的,促进经济社会协调发展.     

Population Aging,Disability and Housing Accessibility: Implications for Sub-national Areas in the United States

The older population in many countries is large and growing rapidly, increasing the number of people with disabilities and driving up the need for accessible housing. In a previous study, the authors projected the number of households in the USA with at least one disabled resident and estimated the probability that a newly built single-family detached unit will house at least one disabled resident during its expected lifetime. This study extends the analysis to the sub-national level by constructing similar estimates and projections for four states that differ widely on two characteristics affecting the need for accessible housing: age structure and disability rates. The results vary from state to state, but all four display a substantial need for accessible housing. Homebuilders, planners and policy makers are urged to account for this need when building new homes and making modifications to the current housing stock.     

城乡基本公共服务设施均等化发展的界定、特征与途径

基本公共服务设施是基本公共服务的载体,促进基本公共服务设施的均等化发展是落实基本公共服务均等化,从空间规划与建设角度推动城乡统筹发展的重要方面和技术支撑。针对现实发展中存在的各种缺失,试图从基本公共服务设施均等化的界定着手,通过对当前发展特征的总结探索均等化发展的必要途径。认为分权化的制度安排导致基本公共服务供给能力存在巨大差异,经济发达地区数量均等已获较大发展,质量均等程度远远不够,集中化规模化带来的空间可达性问题凸显。基于以上问题,认为健康城市化与基本公共服务设施均等化发展相辅相成政府责权明晰是基本公共服务设施均等化发展的保证,基本公共服务设施均等化发展需要规划技术支撑。     

城市公共空间设施便利性设计研究

城市公共空间的设施是使用者进行各种行为活动的基础,设施的便利性问题直接影响使用者多公共空间的使用以及评价。该文以设施的便利性为研究对象,通过调研,发现问题,研究设计策略,提出了重视系统观设计和重视细部设计的设计思路。     

公共租赁房居民入住满意度实证研究

从政府政策、规划建设、居住条件和居民满意度四个维度构建模型;以沈阳市丽水新城小区为例,实证分析沈阳市公租房居民满意度现状和影响因素;针对公租房准入制度和分配方式、公租房所在位置和建筑质量、公租房户型设计和物业服务等关键因素,提出提升居民入住满意度的建议。     

婺源城市公共空间结构分析

针对当前我国城市中普遍存在的空间缺乏整体性和空间特色危机等问题,选取城市公共空间结构为研究对象,以婺源城市公共空间为例,分析提出婺源城市公共空间结构优化的目标和措施,以寻求改善公共空间质量、塑造城市特色景观的途径。     

郑州公交设施空间分布特征与可达性研究

城市交通拥堵是制约城市发展的重大问题之一,而公交优先能够引导城市交通优化,近年来公交优先已成为国内大城市空间发展优化的策略之一.国内城市公交已具备相当规模,公交设施的空间布局也反映了城市结构特征.文章以郑州公交为例,基于ArcGIS软件中的核密度分析、可达性分析等分析方法对郑州公交设施的现状空间分布特征和可达性进行分析.并基于现状特征进行讨论,提出相应的布局优化建议.     

The State and Self-help Housing in Urban Finland, 1920 to 1950

This paper examines self-help housing and state housing policies in urban Finland from 1920 to 1950. In Finland self-help housing consisted primarily of self-building of one- and two-family houses. It is often assumed that self-building used to be the typical urban form of housing production. It was certainly the form that housing reformers preferred. However, most urban housing production was private speculative production. Self-building became relatively important only when other production was depressed. The state supported self-building by providing subsidised housing finance. Of the three successive housing finance systems examined, only the last concerned only self-building. The loan policies also included an attempt to control the quality and design of self-built housing. The policies were, however, so limited that they did not have a large impact on urban housing in normal times. In Finland, as in many other countries, the government's attitude towards self-building can be characterised as guarded support.     

上海住宅区公建设置问题的探讨

提出在执行上海市《城市居住地区和居住区公共服务设施设置标准》过程中出现的一些问题,并提出解决的思路。     

用责任和爱心筑造精品安居工程

保障性安居工程是关系国民经济和社会发展全局的重大民生工程,在工程的建设过程中,以确保工程质量为核心,提倡技术创新,鼓励推广应用新技术、新材料、新设备、新工艺,实现工程质量持续改进的管理理念。     

保障性安居工程质量监督管理的探讨

保证工程质量是建设保障性安居工程的根本要求。在当前建设形势下,通过监督实践,加强监督队伍建设、强化监督措施、严格分户验收、开展创优治劣等手段,有效促进工程质量的标本兼治,减少质量投诉,促进社会和谐,提升群众的满意度。     

城市公共消防设施现状及对策

The building and the management of urban fire facilities, which are an impertant Integral part In city infrastructures, have direct relatlenshlp with the public security of the ceuntry and seclety. With the devofopmelat and roctificstien of economy in the new era, strongtheniug the building aud the mnagemeiat of urban public fire facllmes is a pressing tasking in a period el time that comes, it is Impertant in enhancing cues＇ defondlng capability against fire er other calamities, safeguarding the state property and peeple＇s life and property, and maintaining the political stability and social security,     

城市公共服务设施专项规划编制工作实践与思考——以宁波城市医疗卫生设施专项规划为例

从我国城市规划编制体系入手,试图探讨城市公共服务设施专项规划的法定地位、编制内容及深度,并结合宁波城市医疗卫生设施专项规划的编制实践,提出一些编制这种类型规划的工作方法,思路等,以期提升城市公共服务设施专项规划的法定地位与作用。     

关于城市住区公共设施配套规划的分析

本文主要从公共设施配套供应模式与实际需求之间的矛盾关系等方面,综合分析了引起住区公共设施配套调整的因素,探讨了住区公共设施的需求和配套发展趋势,提出了调整住区公共设施配套规划的思路和建议。     

城市公共服务设施专项规划编制工作实践与思考--以宁波城市医疗卫生设施专项规划为例

从我国城市规划编制体系入手,试图探讨城市公共服务设施专项规划的法定地位、编制内容及深度,并结合宁波城市医疗卫生设施专项规划的编制实践,提出一些编制这种类型规划的工作方法、思路等,以期提升城市公共服务设施专项规划的法定地位与作用.     

城市公共设施规划观念的更新

实行改革开放以来,城市发生了很多变化,这些变化正是城市规划需要更新观念,改进方法的基础。本文从城市政府职能、城市人口结构、居民消费结构以及城市经济结构等方面的变化,探讨对城市公共设施规划的影响和编制问题。