同步、异步组合轧制取向硅钢极薄带的织构研究

采用同步、异步组合轧制方式将成品工业取向硅钢板冷轧到0.08mm,然后在纯氢气炉中高温退火,采用ODF和反极图定量分析硅钢薄带的冷轧和再结晶织构。研究结果表明,在同步、异步组合轧制方式下,冷轧薄带的变形织构与一般常规冷轧板的相同,但沿板厚呈现了不对称分布,经840℃保温6h退火,晶粒取向为集中的{110}〈001〉。     

异步轧制取向硅钢薄带的三次再结晶

采用带比为１．２的异步轧制及常规轧制，将０．３０ｍｍ厚的工业取向硅钢冷轧至０．１０ｍｍ，在普通氢气炉中退火。对退火薄带的再结晶组织、织构和磁性的研究表明：经异步轧制并在１１５℃退火的５ｈ中发生了三次再结晶，晶粒度１￣３ｍｍ、晶粒取向为｛１１０｝［００１］；与冷轧前板材相比，薄带的磁性明显改善；铁损下降了５１％，Ｂ８＝１．９７８Ｔ，Ｐ１３／５０＝０．３０ｍＷ·ｇ＾－１，Ｐ１７／５０＝０．７２ｍＷ·ｇ     

典型特殊制备技术对无取向电工钢织构的影响规律EICSCD

电工钢又称硅钢,是一种重要的特殊钢,常被称作特殊钢中的“艺术品”,这主要是因为其加工制备流程复杂、性能影响因素繁多。其中无取向硅钢主要应用于旋转电磁场环境,为了获得优良的软磁性能,需要形成较多的{100}等有利织构,为此研究人员进行了大量探索,近年来发现一些特殊制备技术在形成大量{100}等有利织构方面有显著效果。本文综述二次轧制、斜轧、异步轧制及双辊薄带连铸四种典型特殊制备技术对无取向硅钢再结晶织构的影响规律,发现二次轧制与双辊薄带连铸均能增强λ与高斯织构,并削弱γ织构,斜轧也会增强λ织构,但对γ织构影响不大,异速异步轧制能增强η织构,而异径异步轧制对再结晶织构却基本没有影响。最后,总结目前各项特殊制备技术存在的缺陷,并提出一些发展方向,如借助斜轧原理在常规冷轧中产生更多剪切带、利用异步轧制进行二次加工以均匀化磁感等,为后续无取向硅钢的工业生产提供更多参考。     

典型特殊制备技术对无取向电工钢织构的影响规律

电工钢又称硅钢,是一种重要的特殊钢,常被称作特殊钢中的“艺术品”,这主要是因为其加工制备流程复杂、性能影响因素繁多。其中无取向硅钢主要应用于旋转电磁场环境,为了获得优良的软磁性能,需要形成较多的{100}等有利织构,为此研究人员进行了大量探索,近年来发现一些特殊制备技术在形成大量{100}等有利织构方面有显著效果。本文综述二次轧制、斜轧、异步轧制及双辊薄带连铸四种典型特殊制备技术对无取向硅钢再结晶织构的影响规律,发现二次轧制与双辊薄带连铸均能增强λ与高斯织构,并削弱γ织构,斜轧也会增强λ织构,但对γ织构影响不大,异速异步轧制能增强η织构,而异径异步轧制对再结晶织构却基本没有影响。最后,总结目前各项特殊制备技术存在的缺陷,并提出一些发展方向,如借助斜轧原理在常规冷轧中产生更多剪切带、利用异步轧制进行二次加工以均匀化磁感等,为后续无取向硅钢的工业生产提供更多参考。     

冷轧压下率及初始高斯晶粒取向度对超薄取向硅钢织构演变与磁性能的影响

以不同高斯取向度的取向硅钢成品板为初始原料,采用一次冷轧法制备0.06~0.12mm厚的取向硅钢薄带。利用EBSD取向成像技术研究冷轧压下率以及初始高斯晶粒取向度对超薄取向硅钢织构演变与磁性能的影响。结果表明:随着冷轧压下率增大和厚度减小,退火后再结晶织构增强,当压下率为70%时,再结晶织构中RD∥〈001〉织构最锋锐,磁性能最佳;初始样品高斯取向度越高,制备的薄带样品磁性能越好;因此,生产高性能的取向硅钢薄带应选用初始高斯晶粒取向度较高的成品板。     

取向硅钢常化及其对二次再结晶影响的研究进展

取向硅钢是重要的铁芯材料,而常化是目前生产高磁感取向硅钢不可或缺的工业生产工序,它可以调整热轧板的组织、织构和抑制剂析出从而改善硅钢磁性能。本文综述了取向硅钢热轧与常化组织的遗传性规律与常化过程中抑制剂的演变规律,重点讨论了常化对初次再结晶和二次再结晶组织与织构的影响规律,指出常化组织中细小γ-晶粒群有利于二次再结晶,而大的变形α-晶粒与λ-晶粒不利于二次再结晶。最后针对低温加热渗氮型高磁感取向硅钢推荐了能最优化磁性能的三段式常化工艺及其参数。而如何在保证获得同等织构组分与抑制剂含量的基础上进一步简化工艺以及常化工艺在薄板坯连铸连轧和薄带连铸生产取向硅钢中的合理应用将是未来常化发展的重点方向。     

退火工艺参数及母材性能对取向硅钢超薄带磁性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

采用EBSD技术对不同退火工艺处理后的冷轧取向硅钢超薄带样品进行研究,分析退火样品的显微组织、织构与磁性能的关系,讨论母材性能对超薄带性能的影响。结果表明:冷轧超薄带的退火组织均匀、Goss取向度高以及母材磁性能优良均可有效提升磁性能;退火升温速率主要影响晶粒尺寸、Goss取向度及磁性能;再结晶的平均晶粒尺寸改变,会影响最终超薄带的磁感应强度及铁损;在900℃退火5 min以上会明显发生再结晶,10~30 min内退火的超薄带磁性能变化较小,退火15 min获得最佳磁性能。此外,在1000℃及1100℃下退火的时间均不宜超过10 min,否则会恶化磁性能。     

薄规格取向硅钢二次再结晶过程中Goss织构演变的Monte Carlo模拟

通过EBSD实验获取了薄规格取向硅钢(0.18 mm厚)初次再结晶样品表面晶粒组织的取向数据,并以此构建模拟的初始组织.采用Potts模型Monte Carlo方法对薄规格取向硅钢初次再结晶样品的二次再结晶过程进行了模拟仿真,研究了表面能对Goss织构演变的影响.模拟结果表明:Goss取向晶粒与相邻晶粒的表面能差是Goss取向晶粒异常长大的重要驱动力;表面能差存在一个临界值(约12％),只有当表面能差大于此临界值时才会发生表面能驱动Goss取向晶粒的异常长大.     

复合成形轧制铜极薄带变形局部化的晶体塑性有限元模拟

随极薄带厚度的进一步减薄，轧制极薄带变形由于轧件厚度/晶粒尺寸比值小的尺寸效应和变形程度导致各向异性与局部化已完全不同于轧制厚件时的变形特性。采用具有拉拔-压缩-剪切复合成形功能的微型异步轧机开展系列厚度铜极薄带的箔轧实验，结果表明复合成形轧制工艺和极薄带尺寸显著影响轧制力能参数与箔材质量。宏观有限元理论已不再适用出现这些新现象的极薄带轧制变形的建模。将嵌入初始晶粒形貌和取向等微观组织结构信息的介观晶体塑性有限元模型(CPFE)用于复合成形条件下铜极薄带轧制变形局部化的模拟与分析，指导箔轧工艺优化和提高箔材质量。晶粒层次的晶体塑性有限元模型，准确预测了单层晶铜极薄带轧制变形局部化的现象和趋势，模拟与实验的轧制力吻合较好，尤其是各向异性。随上下工作辊异速比的增大，箔材厚度方向剪切变形增强，变形带、滑移带形成且局部化趋势显著。晶粒变形局部化的差异，对轧制制备极薄带材的控形控性造成困难。     

初次再结晶组织和渗氮量对低温渗氮取向硅钢二次再结晶行为的影响

通过控制初次再结晶工艺获得尺寸不同的低温渗氮取向硅钢初次再结晶组织,研究初次晶粒尺寸对二次再结晶行为和磁性能的影响,探索初次晶粒尺寸过大条件下合适的渗氮量,并分析初次再结晶组织中{411}〈148〉织构对二次再结晶行为的影响。结果表明:随着初次晶粒尺寸由10μm升高至15μm,二次再结晶温度升高,Goss织构更加锋锐,成品磁性能提高,当初次晶粒尺寸为28μm时,合适的渗氮量约为6×10-4。初次再结晶组织中{411}〈148〉取向晶粒生长能力更强,极易粗化,阻碍二次晶粒的异常长大,同时{411}〈148〉与黄铜晶粒之间为大于45°的低迁移率晶界,对黄铜晶粒异常长大的阻碍作用更为显著。     

Magnetic properties of grain oriented ultra-thin silicon steel sheets processed by conventional rolling and cross shear rolling

A new procedure consisting of the cross shear rolling (CSR) and the subsequent tertiary recrystallization annealing under dry hydrogen atmosphere was developed to produce the grain oriented ultra-thin silicon sheets less than 0.1 mm with high magnetic property performance. For comparison, the conventional rolling (CR) was also used to process the grain oriented ultra-thin silicon steel sheets. The effect of processing parameters on magnetic properties of the grain oriented ultra-thin silicon steel sheets was investigated. With the increase of annealing temperature and holding time, magnetic properties of the sheets processed by both rolling methods reach saturation as the result of the proceeding of the tertiary recrystallization. The thin sheets rolled by CSR did achieve better magnetic properties than those rolled by CR.     

Primary Recrystallization of Grain Oriented Silicon Steel Strip Rolled by CSR and Annealed in Magnetic Field

The magnetic properties and textures of grain oriented silicon steel with different thickness rolled by cross shear rolling (CSR) of different mismatched speed ratio (MSR) and annealed in magnetic field under hydrogen were presented. Effects of the factors such as thickness and mismatched speed ratio on the magnetic properties and recrystallization texture were analyzed and the recrystallization principles in magnetic field annealing were discussed. The study would provide a new route for mass production of high quality ultra-thin grain oriented silicon steel strip.     

Textures and Magnetic Properties of Grain Oriented ElectricalSteel Produced by Cross Shear Rolling

Commercial grain oriented electrical steels were made by cross shear rolling (CSR) with a chosen mismatch speed ratio 1.1. Original sheets of 0.75 mm thick, which had been produced by conventional cold rolling and intermediate annealing were rolled to thickness from 0.35 mm to 0.15 mm, and followed by industry annealing. The deformation texture and the magnetic properties were measured. Results indicate that: in the condition of the CSR, the deformation texture of rolled sheet is generally similar to that of conventional rolled sheet; for sheets with the thicknesses from 0.35 mm to 0.25 mm, favorable deformation textures, mainly consisting of {111} <112>, are also found at subsudece layers, which may help produce sharp Goss texture, and after the final annealing, the magnetic properties of sheets are not lower than that of conventional rolled sheets     

Textural Characteristic of 70-30 Brass Rolled by Cross Shear Rolling in Single Direction

70-30 brass is rolled with 90% reduction bycross shear rolling in single direction with speed ra-tio 1.39.The sheet is divided into five layers alongrolling plane normal to measure macroscopic statis-tical unsymmetric textures in every layer are des-cribed and analysed by means of three dimensionalorientation distribution function.The results indi-cate that the main textures in every layer of brassrolled by cross shear rolling in single direction arethe same as the main textures of brass rolled byconventional rolling.But the intensities,peak posi-tions and scatters of every texture component in{110}<112>are different,namely,there is amacroscopic statistical unsymmetry.It is found thatthe textures in every layer of brass rolled by crossshear rolling in single direction can be considered asthe textures of brass rolled by common rolling insingle direction at identical shear forces,themacroscopic statistical unsymmetry depends on theshear forces which are exerted on the layer.     

Untersuchung des Einflusses von Prozessparametern in der Fertigstrasse auf die Tertiärzunderausbildung

Investigation of the influence of processing parameters during hot rolling on tertiary scale formation The permanent demand for a cost saving production of flat products of steel as well as the technical progress in the engineering established the basis for a substitution of cold rolled products by hot rolled products. Precondition is a systematic control of the inevitable oxidation of the strip during the entire hot rolling process. With the generation of appropriate scale properties at hot rolled strip, taking into account the required mechanical properties, a direct processing of hot strip without prior pickling, cold rolling and annealing could be possible. The knowledge of the influence of the processing conditions during hot rolling on the properties of tertiary scale, especially the thickness, the constitution and adherence is incomplete till now. That’s why influences on the oxidation and scale properties respectively during the hot rolling process starting from the finishing line to the coiling as well as consequences for the downstream process are discussed in this paper based on the results of laboratory hot rolling trials to the simulation of considerably processing parameters in the finishing line.     

Microstructural control by secondary processing of strip cast low carbon steel

Abstract

The secondary processing of low carbon steel strip produced by twin roll casting was investigated to examine its effect on microstructural development and mechanical properties. The as cast microstructure is predominantly acicular ferrite with regions of bainitepearlite and polygonal ferrite. Deformation at temperatures below Ar1 produces a heterogeneous microstructure with regions of moderately deformed acicular ferrite adjacent to highly deformed regions containing shear bands. Cold rolled and warm rolled steels show similar behaviour to conventional hot band in that dynamic recovery during warm rolling results in sluggish recrystallisation and produces a coarse final grain size. However, the initial as cast microstructure recrystallises at a slower rate than conventional hot band and produces a weaker recrystallisation texture. This can be attributed to the heterogeneous microstructure of the as cast strip such that, after rolling, nucleation occurs within shear bands and more ill defined sites, which results in nucleation of randomly oriented grains thereby producing a weak final texture. It was found that austenitising the as cast strip followed by rolling in the vicinity of Ar3 produces a uniform distribution of equiaxed, ultrafine ferrite UFF grains throughout the thickness of the strip. The production of UFF by twin roll casting and subsequent rolling represents a simple processing route for the production of fine grained low carbon sheet steel products.     

退火时间对单向异步轧制70—30黄铜再结晶织构的影响

借助三维取向分布函数探讨了退火时间对单向异步轧制７０－３０黄铜再结晶结构及其宏观统计不对称性的影响，结果表明，各层再结晶织构存在明显的宏观统计不对称性，是由形变织构的不对称所致；随着退火时间的不断延长，宏观统计不对称性逐渐增强，待再结晶结束后趋于稳定。     

Formation of textures and microstructures in asymmetrically cold rolled and subsequently annealed aluminum alloy 1100 sheets

The formation of textures and microstructures in asymmetrically cold rolled and subsequently annealed AA 1100 sheets was investigated. The asymmetrical rolling procedure in this experiment was performed in a rolling mill with different roll velocities (roll velocity ratio of 1.5/1.0). In order to enhance the shear deformation, asymmetrical rolling was performed by a large reduction per pass and without lubrication. Asymmetrical rolling led to the formation of strong shear textures. The evolution of asymmetrically cold rolled textures was analyzed by FEM simulations. After recrystallization annealing, pronounced {111}//ND orientations prevailed in all thickness layers. Intensified shear deformations by asymmetrical rolling also led to the formation of ultra-fine grains after recrystallization annealing.     

Influence of intermediate annealing on final Goss texture formation in low temperature reheated Fe-3%Si steel

The precipitation behavior of inhibitors and their influence on final Goss texture formation in grain-oriented electrical steels produced by compact strip processing technology with a reheating temperature lower than 1200 °C were investigated under two distinct intermediate annealing methods: conventional intermediate recrystallization annealing and a new intermediate decarburizing and recrystallization annealing method without final decarburizing after the second cold rolling. The initiation of secondary recrystallization, the distributions of second phase particles, the final Goss texture, and the grain structure were observed. The new technology could maintain higher inhibitor densities because the deformed matrix could provide higher site densities for inhibitor nucleation before secondary recrystallization, resulting in a relatively higher inhibition effect of the second phase particles. The new technology could also compensate for the disadvantages of fewer inhibitors induced by fewer dissolved Mn and S elements in the matrix during lower reheating temperature for hot rolling. The final sheet produced after the secondary recrystallization annealing obtained stronger Goss texture, larger grain size, and better magnetic properties.     

Texture Characteristics of Thin Grain Oriented Silicon Steel Sheet Produced by Cross Shear Rolling

1. IntroductionSilicon steel is widely used as core materials oflarge transformers and large rotating machines. AfterWalter et al.11] reported that a difference in surface en. ?ergy induced tertiary recrystallization, very thin (lessthan 100 pm) grain oriented silicon steels producedby using tertiary recrystallization phenomena in vacuum have excellellt soft magnetic properties[2]. Nevertheless, since starting material using grain orientedsilicon steel sheet after secondary recrystallization i…