河南油田炼油厂生产90#无铅汽油前景分析

河南油田炼油厂催化裂化装置通过以将所加工原料的残碳控制在１．８％－３．０％,以提高原料中环烷烃,芳烃的含量;把原采用的焦碳选择性好、裂化活性高、但裂化产品中汽油辛烷值较低的烯土氢Ｙ型催化剂,更换为异构化性能好、氢转移反应能力较低,能够提高汽油辛值的复合超稳Ｙ型分子筛催化剂;     

SRNY超稳催化裂化催化剂

随着对汽油辛烷值要求的提高,以及催化裂化原料日益变重,发展了超稳Y分子筛裂化催化剂,这种催化剂的特点是氢转移反应少,焦炭选择性好,汽油辛烷值高.SRNY裂化催化剂是我院与长岭炼油化工厂共同开发的超稳型催化剂,它是含稀土、硅复合氧化物的超稳Y型分子筛裂化催     

乳化重油催化裂化反应的研究

用乳化重油和纯重油为原料进行催化裂化反应,在相同操作条件下,分别研究了它们对裂化产品分布、生焦量、产品质量、裂化催化剂性能等主要指标的影响。结果表明,乳化油比纯重油液体产率提高2．91％、液化气增加1．33％、生焦量下降2．32％、干气量稍低;乳化油汽油辛烷值为93．4,而纯重油汽油辛烷值93．0;两者对裂化催化剂性能的影响相当。     

加氢轻循环油裂化反应规律研究

以加氢轻循环油（LCO）为原料,采用含Y型分子筛、活性中孔材料以及含β或MFI结构分子筛的不同类型催化剂在小型固定流化床ACE Model Rt装置上进行裂化反应实验,考察不同类型催化剂对加氢LCO中各组分的转化能力,并考察反应条件对加氢LCO裂化反应的影响。结果表明：采用含高活性Y型分子筛的催化剂能够得到较高的汽油收率及C6～C9芳烃收率,有利于提高汽油辛烷值或者获得较多的苯、甲苯、二甲苯等化工产品,但反应过程同时会生成双环及多环芳烃,抵消了部分加氢前处理的效果;反应温度和剂油比对加氢LCO裂化转化率影响较小;汽油收率随反应温度的提高而降低,剂油比对汽油收率的影响较小;提高反应温度会促进重质产物的生成,而提高剂油比则会抑制重质产物的生成;反应温度和剂油比的提高均有利于增加汽油中芳烃含量。     

LCO加氢-催化组合生产高辛烷值汽油或轻质芳烃技术(LTAG)的开发

从分析LCO化学组成入手,提出了LCO加氢与催化裂化组合生产高辛烷值汽油或轻质芳烃的技术——LTAG技术。在该技术中,加氢单元需进行选择性加氢控制,即双环芳烃选择性加氢饱和生成四氢萘型单环芳烃;催化单元要实现选择性裂化,即选择性强化四氢萘型单环芳烃开环裂化反应,抑制氢转移反应。工业应用结果表明,LTAG技术中加氢LCO转化率大于70%,汽油选择性接近80%,汽油辛烷值提高。     

稀土超稳Y型分子筛催化裂化催化剂的研究

针对我国FCC汽油辛烷值偏低及FCC装置剂油比难以提得很高的现状,兰州炼化公司石化研究院开发了稀土超稳Y型裂化催化剂,在实验室对NaY分子筛的稀土改性制备工艺、稀土与磷对催化剂性能的影响进行了考察 。结果表明,提高稀土含量可以提高催化剂活性,但超过一定量则会降低汽油的MON;改性可使B／L酸比例提高,同时改善催化剂的活性、稳定性及抗磨性能。制备的REUSY催化剂,具有活性高、干气和焦炭选择性好、裂化汽油辛烷值较高的特点。     

添加锰改性L沸石对烃类裂化催化剂性能的影响

制备一系列不同Mn含量的超稳L沸石（Mn—USL沸石），将Mn—USL沸石替代质量分数为5％的REUSY沸石作为催化剂的活性组分，用标准轻油微反方法（MAT）对各催化剂样品进行性能评价，重点考察了添加不同锰含量的USL沸石对催化剂活性、比积炭、气体产物组成、氢转移反应活性、汽油辛烷值等的影响。研究结果表明，裂化催化剂中加入一定量Mn改性的USL沸石后，可以提高催化剂的反应活性，降低比积炭，并可以在降低裂化汽油中烯烃含量的同时提高异构烷烃的含量，汽油的辛烷值变化不大。     

催化材料对轻质油品裂化性能及油品质量的影响

对USY型、ZSM-5分子筛以及活性载体材料裂化轻质油品的性能进行了研究.实验结果表明,USY型分子筛裂化活性高、裂化反应轻质油收率高,ZSM-5分子筛裂化活性次之,气体产率高,载体的活性相对较低;从汽油质量看,分子筛裂化更有利于降低汽油的烯烃含量,同时汽油辛烷值较高,Y型分子筛同时具有降低油品硫含量的作用.     

FCC 汽油烯烃双分子裂化反应及其与双分子氢转移反应之比的研究

以催化裂化汽油为原料在不同类型的催化剂上进行了催化转化试验，探讨了不同类型的氢转移反应在烯烃转化中的作用。结果表明，汽油烯烃在不同类型的催化剂上发生裂化反应强弱及其与氢转移反应之比大小是不同的；再生催化剂有利于裂化反应，有利于提高裂化反应与氢转移反应之比；较高的反应温度和较高的重时空速有利于裂化反应，有利于提高裂化反应与氢转移反应之比。     

脱铝八面沸石的研究进展

<正> 1 前言McDanied和Mahr于1968年报道了八面沸石(Y型沸石)经水热处理过程制备超稳Y(USY)沸石的方法。USY由于其酸性强、裂化活性高、水热稳定性好、氢转移性能较缓和以及裂化产物中烯烃多、汽油辛烷值高、结炭少、     

油田轻烃非临氢重整工艺的研究与工业应用

中国石油吐哈油田公司对在原油生产过程中副产的40～50kt／a轻烃，在40kt／a装置上，用CGG-2催化剂进行了非临氢重整。工业应用结果表明，油田轻烃重整后芳烃含量显著增加，汽油研究法辛烷值由60提高到83～85，通过与汽油辛烷值添加剂按一定比例调合后可生产出符合国家车用无铅汽油GB17930-1999标准的90号汽油。     

Catalytic upgrading of coking gasoline fraction

The upgrading of the coking gasoline fraction in a reactor with a fluidized bed of a zeolite-containing catalyst is studied with the aim of enhancing the octane number. The use of the products obtained from upgrading a mixture of catalytically cracked and coking gasoline fractions is shown to be expedient for producing AI-93 high-octane gasoline, which helps solve the problem of expanding the raw-material resources for the production of high-octane unleaded gasoline.     

用国产车用无铅汽油进行L-38台架试验

论述了采用国产车用无铅汽油替代异辛烷加铅燃料进行L-38试验的初步研究进展。研究结果表明:分别采用中国97号车用无铅汽油与异辛烷加铅燃料进行L-38试验,3种油品的试验结果具有一致性。     

分光光度法快速测定无铅汽油中痕量铅

研究了无铅汽油中痕量铅的快速测定方法。在 490nm处测定经碘和四乙基氯化铵的氯仿溶液处理过的汽油与 4-( 2 -吡啶偶氮 )间苯二酚二钠盐反应生成的络合物 ,对测定条件进行了系统的考察。Pb质量浓度的线性范围为2 6 5～ 2 6 5mg/L ,方法的相对标准偏差小于 5 0 % ,实际试样测定结果的相对误差小于 5 3 %。本方法操作简便、快速 ,适合于无铅汽油中痕量铅的快速测定     

EFFECT OF METHYL TERTIARY BUTYL ETHER (MTBE) AS A GASOLINE ADDITIVE ON ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS

The effect of blending unleaded gasoline with different proportions of methyl-t-butyl ether MTBE (10, 15 and 20 vol % ) on engine performance was studied using a fixed compression ratio SI engine (Opel 4 -cylinder ). The exhaust gases were analyzed for carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and the hydrocarbons emitted. The results have shown that MTBE blends gave slightly better engine performance than the unleaded gasoline as evidenced by the power output. Analysis of exhaust gases shows better carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions for all MTBE blends tested than unleaded gasoline. A higher carbon dioxide exhaust emission of the blends than the unleaded gasoline also confirms their better combustion. The 20 vol % MTBE blend gave the lowest carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions of all blends used. A comparison was also made between a     

CRC L-38试验燃料无铅化初探

在国内现有L-38台架试验的基础上，采用国产无铅汽油在L-38试验机上进行无铅燃料的初步研究。结果表明：用国产无铅燃料替代含铅燃料，试验结果具有很好的一致性和区分性，能够满足试验方法要求。     

EFFECT OF METHYL TERTIARY BUTYL ETHER (MTBE) AS A GASOLINE ADDITIVE ON ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS

ABSTRACT

The effect of blending unleaded gasoline with different proportions of methyl-t-butyl ether MTBE (10, 15 and 20 vol % ) on engine performance was studied using a fixed compression ratio SI engine (Opel 4 -cylinder ). The exhaust gases were analyzed for carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and the hydrocarbons emitted. The results have shown that MTBE blends gave slightly better engine performance than the unleaded gasoline as evidenced by the power output. Analysis of exhaust gases shows better carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions for all MTBE blends tested than unleaded gasoline. A higher carbon dioxide exhaust emission of the blends than the unleaded gasoline also confirms their better combustion. The 20 vol % MTBE blend gave the lowest carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions of all blends used. A comparison was also made between a     

THE EFFECT OF GASOLINE FUEL TYPE ON SI ENGINE NITROGEN-OXIDES AND CARBON MONOXIDE EMISSIONS UNDER PART-LOAD OPERATING CONDITIONS

Six different gasoline blends with different antiknock agents and aromatics content were investigated for its influence on SI engine nitrogen-oxides and carbon monoxide emissions at part- load operating conditions. The six fuel types used were leaded gasoline with 0·5 g Pb/1, commercial unleaded gasoline, unleaded synthetic gasoline and its blends with different proportions of methyl tertiary butyl ether MTBE l10, 15 and 20 vol%). A four- stroke, four- cylinder, spark- ignition Regata engine (type 138 B 3.000) was used for conducting this study. The exhaust gases were analyzed for nitrogen-oxides and carbon monoxide emitted at part-load operating conditions for the speed range of 1000 to 3000 rpm. The results of this investigation have shown that blending unleaded synthetic gasoline with ethers such as MTBE reduces the aromatic content of the fuel. The 20 vol% MTBE-fuel blend gave the lowest carbon monoxide emissions of all blends used at part load condition. On the other hand, the 10 vol% MTBE-fuel blend gave the lowest nitrogen-oxides emission of all blends at part-load condition. The carbon monoxide concentration in engine exhaust differs between increase and decrease at part-load condition when fuel aromatics content increases. It was also found that as the gasoline aromatics content increases in the blend, the nitrogen-oxides concentration in engine exhaust increases. So, substitution of MTBE for the higher aromatics gasoline blends may help improving state environment and air quality.     

降低汽油烯烃、多产液化气的裂化催化剂RAG-8的研究与生产

介绍了降低汽油烯烃并多产液化气的裂化催化剂RAG-8的研究与工业生产,该催化剂系采用经改性高岭土制备的半合成单体,以金属氧化物改性的超稳分子筛做活性组份。应用结果表明,RAG-8催化剂不仅具有较强的重油裂化能力、适当的二次裂化反应深度及氢转移活性,还具有良好的水热稳定性,汽油烯烃下降效果明显,液化气收率亦较高。     

红外光谱法测定汽油中的MTBE含量

建立了红外光谱法测定无铅汽油中ＭＴＢＥ的方法。运用可调厚度吸收池消除汽油背景所产生的影响。当ＬＩＴＢＥ含量为１．５－１２ｇ／１００ｍｌ时，其误差为０．６－２．９％，对含ＭＴＢＥ为４ｇ／１００ｍｌ的试样分析７次的相对标准偏差为２％。该方法快速、简单，可用于汽油中ＭＴＢＥ的测定。