我国炼油工业能源效率提升对策研究

炼油工业是国民经济发展的基础和支柱产业,同时也是耗能大户和排放大户。为适应新常态、提高能源效率,实现绿色低碳是炼油行业"十三五"期间必须面临的重要任务。对比了国内外炼油工业发展现状,并对我国炼油工业能源效率利用问题进行了分析,最后从政府决策的宏观角度(产业布局优化、炼厂规模控制)和企业运营的微观角度(炼厂运行规划、节能管理)出发,提出了促进我国炼油工业能源利用效率的对策建议。     

炼油工艺节能环保的实现路径研究

随着社会经济的发展,我国对能源的需求不断增多,炼油工业的发展,因能源生产与消耗而产生的环境问题日益恶劣,危害了人们的健康发展。然而,炼油工业是我国生产发展的基础工业,其发展直接关系着我国社会经济的长足发展,减少炼油工业的生产明显不可取,如何促进炼油工业与生态环境可持续发展成为社会各界人士广泛关注的问题。因此简单介绍了在节能环保的前提条件下,实现炼油工艺的途径,为相关人员提供参考。     

中国炼油工业的发展及油品供需

回顾了中国炼油工业发展的历程，分析了中国炼油工业的基本格局，并对油品供需的情况、中国目前的油价和税收状况及发展趋势进行了介绍。     

催化重整装置能耗分析及节能措施

随着我国工业化进程的发展,我国的能源已经濒临衰竭,因此,就目前我国的能源状况来说,工业节能是非常必要的,而在炼油工业中,催化重整装置就是高能耗的炼油装置,导致了很多能源的浪费。本文就主要针对炼油催化重整装置中的能耗现状进行分析,并提出切实有效的节能措施。     

西欧炼油工业衰退原因分析及启示

西欧炼油工业正在经历几十年来最严重的衰退。主要原因是成品油需求下降、供需结构错位、替代能源兴起、政策监管趋严和外部竞争压力加剧。为汲取西欧炼油工业教训,对我国炼油工业发展提出如下建议:一是正视产能过剩,控制好未来的炼油投资速度和节奏;二是发展先进炼油能力,提高市场竞争力;三是在炼油能力过剩区域,逐步转型整合落后产能;四是适时调整产品结构,实施差异化经营;五是密切关注国外炼油业发展对国内的影响;六是大力节能和提高能效,高度重视环境保护工作。     

催化裂化装置单元组成与工艺流程

石油目前是世界上最主要的能源,催化裂化是炼油工业中最重要的一种二次加工工艺,在炼油工业生产中占有重要地位。     

印度化学工业寻求扩张新机遇

过去的五年中,印度经济飞速增长。受此推动,印度化学工业也获得了长足发展,并有望在未来十年中继续增长。就工业销售额来说,印度化学工业位居亚洲第3,全球第12。印度化工协会表示,印度化学工业销售额为500亿美元／年,而化学工业、炼油工业和化肥工业的销售额合计约为1500亿美元／年。化学工业产值约占印度GDP的6．5％。     

中印橡胶工业合作大有可为

中联橡胶(集团)总公司、中国化工装备总公司和中国橡胶工业协会共同主办的2001年中国橡胶工业新技术展览会将于2001年4月3～5日在印度商业中心孟买举行。现将印度橡胶工业和展览会的相关情况简介如下。1　印度橡胶工业概况尽管早在1873年印度就建起了第1家橡胶种植园,但直到1921年印度才建立了第1家橡胶制品生产厂。印度橡胶工业得到真正的发展是在印度独立以后。现在,橡胶工业在印度国民经济中占有重要地位。1999年,印度橡胶工业的基本情况见表1。表1　1999年印度橡胶工业的主要统计数据项　　目数据项　　目数据年产值/亿美元3225　ＮＲ62…     

坚持绿色低碳方针 改造与提升我国炼油产业

本文从能源资源、环境、粮食、水、健康等方面简析了绿色低碳发展对实现经济社会可持续发展的重要性;阐述了我国炼油工业绿色低碳发展的成绩与问题,提出了炼油工业实现绿色低碳发展的总体思路和措施。     

IPCL依靠信赖实现腾飞

信赖工业公司是印度最大的私营企业 ,也是信赖集团的子公司。信赖集团是由DhirubhaiH Ambani创建的印度最大的家族式经营企业。集团公司 2 0 0 2年总收入达到 16 8亿美元 ,现金利润超过 2 1亿美元 ,净利润超过 9 9亿美元 ,出口额高达 2 5亿美元。集团业务包括石油和天然气勘探和开采、炼油、石化、纺织品、金融服务和保险、电力、电信和信息 ,其中石化业务主要包括聚酯、聚合物和中间体。信赖工业主要从事石油、石化和化工业务。信赖工业在贾姆讷格尔 2 70 0万t/a的炼油厂 ,约占印度炼油能力的 2 4 %,是世界上最大的基础炼油厂和世界第 5…     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.