多孔微晶玻璃导热理论模型的验证

为了研究多孔微晶玻璃的孔隙率与导热系数之间的关系,以伟晶岩为原料,采用粉末烧结法和添加造孔剂方法,烧制出乳白色多孔微晶玻璃.根据多孔微晶玻璃的内部结构和孔隙率情况提出3种热传导的理想等效物理模型,推导出数学公式,验证了多孔微晶玻璃的导热系数.实验结果表明,实验测得的多孔微晶玻璃导热系数值与理论导热系数之间具有较好的一致性.如果已知多孔微晶玻璃的孔隙率,那么可以利用理想等效物理模型来推算多孔微晶玻璃的导热系数.     

火山凝灰岩微晶玻璃的研究

以火山凝灰岩为主要原料研制成了以β－硅灰石为主晶相的微晶玻璃。高ＣａＯ含量玻璃核化、晶化后整体均匀结晶成为乳白色或浅黄色微晶化制品；低ＣａＯ含量玻璃烧结、晶化后成为花纹清晰的微晶玻璃大理石。高ＣａＯ含量玻璃由于ＣａＯ含量高，热处理时严重分相，分相有利于玻璃整体均匀析晶；低ＣａＯ含量玻璃在大量析晶之前基本烧结，由于表面效应在玻璃颗粒表面诱发β－硅灰石晶体，并由表及里长大为针状晶体。     

熔融法制备金矿尾砂微晶玻璃及性能测试

以金矿尾砂、方解石为主要原料,添加其它所需原料为硼砂、ZnO、Cr2O3、Sb2O3等,采用熔融法制备CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃.利用硅碳棒炉在1 300℃~1 350℃下保温4h熔制玻璃,熔好的玻璃液浇注在事先预热的不锈钢模具上,成形后放入马弗炉在600℃保温1h退火处理,对玻璃试样热处理得到微晶玻璃样品.采用TG-DSC差热分析仪测定基础玻璃的DSC曲线,确定金矿尾砂微晶玻璃较佳的热处理工艺为:800℃保温2h进行核化处理,890℃保温3h进行晶化处理.通过XRD、SEM等分析手段对试样的物相及微观结构进行了分析,测定制得微晶玻璃的抗折强度、热膨胀系数、体积密度等性能.结果表明:制得金矿尾砂微晶玻璃的主晶相为:辉石和透辉石固溶体,样品的热膨胀系数为69.5×10-7/℃,抗折强度为119.2MPa,体积密度为2.81g/cm3.     

微晶相对 Li_2O-Al_2O_3-SiO_2 系低膨胀微晶玻璃强度的影响机理探讨

微晶玻璃的强度是评定材料是否能使用于特定用途的关键。Ｌｉ２Ｏ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２系低膨胀玻璃在制备过程中常出现玻璃试样的开裂现象，本文以此为例，探讨了微晶玻璃强度的显微结构基础和制备过程中若干控制因素以保证强度的条件，提出了改善Ｌｉ２Ｏ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２系低膨胀微晶玻璃强度的可能途径。     

微晶相对Li2O—Al2O3—SiO2系低膨胀微晶玻璃强度的影响机理探讨

微晶玻璃的强度是评定材料是否能使用于特定用途的关键，Ｌｉ２Ｏ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２系低膨胀玻璃在制备过程中常出现玻璃试样的开裂现象，本文以此为例，探讨了微晶玻璃强度的可显微基石和制备过程中若干控制因素以保证强度的条件，提出了改善Ｌｉ２Ｏ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２系低膨胀微晶玻璃强度的可能途径。     

CaO—Al2O3—SiO2系统微晶玻璃的成分,结构与性能

借助Ｘ射线衍射定量分析、扫描电镜、红外光谱等现代结构测试手段以及热膨胀系数、抗折强度等性能测试,讨论ＣａＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２系统微晶玻璃成分、结构与性能的关系,认为微晶玻璃成分通过对其中晶相含量,玻璃相结构以及两相结合状态的影响,而决定了试样的不同性能。     

K_2O对CaO－Al_2O_3－SiO_2系统微晶玻璃晶化与烧结性能的影响

研究了ＣａＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２系统微晶玻璃的Ｋ２Ｏ含量对析晶及烧结过程随热处理温度的变化规律的影响。结果表明：Ｋ２Ｏ含量的增加不利于晶化，Ｋ２Ｏ含量（ｗｔ％）超过２．０％时将出现分相现象，并阻碍烧结致密化进程     

K2O对CaO—Al2O3—SiO2系统微晶玻璃晶化与烧结性能的影响

研究了ＣａＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２系统微晶玻璃的Ｋ２Ｏ含量以析晶及烧结过程随热处理温度的变化规律的影响，结果表明：Ｋ２Ｏ含量的增加不利晶化，Ｋ２Ｏ含量（ｗｔ％）超过２．０％时将出现分相现象，并阻碍烧结致密化进程。     

热处理对多孔玻璃性能的影响

采用Na2O-B2O3-SiO2系统制备了多孔玻璃.采用氮吸附静态容量法,研究了多孔玻璃的氮吸附特性、比表面积和孔分布曲线.讨论了热处理时间和温度对多孔玻璃的孔径和孔隙率分布的影响.结果表明,多孔玻璃随着热处理温度的增加,气孔率增大,孔径增大.在520℃下进行分相处理12h后,放入1mol/L的盐酸中浸析24h获得最佳多孔玻璃样品,样品的孔径分布可从10(A)到100(A),对应的孔容为80.95116 cm2·g-1.     

含Ni2O3的微晶玻璃装饰板材热处理制度的确定

探讨了用一步法对含Ni     

Preparation and crystallization action of SiO2 -Al2O3 -CaO-ZnO-R2O porous glass-ceramics

Using powder-sintering method,SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-ZnO-R2O porous glass-ceramics were produced for analysis. Five samples with different SiO2 /CaO ratios were used in the research. The mechanical properties, microstructures and textures of porous glass-ceramics are investigated by using differential thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis ( TGA/SDTA) ,X-ray diffraction ( XRD) ,and scanning electron microsco- py ( SEM) . The activity energy of crystallization ( E) and crystallization kinetics parameter ( k) were calculated based on the modified JMA equation. The Avrami parameter n was obtained according to Augis-Bennett function. The results show that the k value of No. 1 sample ( SiO2 /CaO = 61∶ 18) is the largest among all samples, which tends to crystallize more easily,and crystallization processes of all samples are observed bulk crystallization. The main crystal phase observed is parawollastonite ( clinorhombic system) with puncheon shape. Poreforming agents decomposed at 100 - 500 ℃ form a large number of closed pores with micron dimension and several semi-open pores distribute uniformly in the glass-ceramics matrix. This work may be expected to be favorable for industrial scale applications of porous glass-ceramics in the field of building thermal insulation.     

废旧塑料改性砂浆力学性能研究

用片状和圆柱状塑料骨料等取代砂浆中的砂子,研究塑料骨料取代量、形状对水泥砂浆流动度、抗弯强度、抗压强度、抗弯挠度和断裂韧性的影响.结果表明,随片状塑料骨料掺量增加,砂浆流动度、抗压强度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性都快速下降,抗弯挠度增加;随圆柱状塑料骨料掺量增加,砂浆流动度增加,抗压强度下降,抗弯强度在低掺量时变化不明显,断裂韧性先增加后下降,抗弯挠度逐渐增加.     

Influence of ZrO2 on sintering and crystallization of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics

ZrO2 was added into CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics and the effect of ZrO2 on sintering and crystallization of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass ceramics was investigated. The results show that the sintering shrinkage ratio of glass particles decreases with the increase of the content of ZrO2. ZrO2 has an unfavourable effect on sintering shrinkage ratio of glass particles. The sintering shrinkage ratio of glass particles increases with the increase of sintering temperature. The increase of sintering temperature favors the decrease of the liquid phase viscosity of glass particles. ZrO2 has little effect on crystallization of main crystalline phase （β-wollastonite）. However, it promotes the crystallization at relatively low temperature.     

Effects of binder strength and aggregate size on the compressive strength and void ratio of porous concrete

To test the influence of binder strength, porous concretes with 4 binder strengths between 30.0-135.0 MPa and 5 void ra tios between 15%-35% were tested. The results indicated that for the same aggregate, the rates of strength reduction due to the in creases in void ratio were the same for binders with different strengths. To study the influence of aggregate size, 3 single size aggre gates with nominal sizes of 5.0, 13.0 and 20.0 mm (Nos. 7, 6 and 5 according to JIS A 5001) were used to make porous concrete. The strengths of porous concrete are found to be dependent on aggregate size. The rate of strength reduction of porous concrete with small aggregate size is found to be higher than that with larger aggregate size. At the same void ratio, the strength of porous concrete with large aggregate is larger than that with small aggregate. The general equations for porous concrete are related to compressive strength and void ratio for different binder strengths and aggregate sizes.     

Effects of oxidation treatment on properties of SiO2f/SiO2-BN composites

The silica fiber reinforced silica and boron nitride-based composites (SiO_2f/SiO₂-BN) were prepared firstly via the sol-gel method and then the urea route, and the effects of oxidation treatment on the component, structure, mechanical and dielectric properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that the oxidation treatment at 450 °C will not impair the structure of boron nitride, and carbon is the main impurity with the excessive urea. The density of SiO_2f/SiO₂-BN composites is 1.81 g/cm³, and the flexural strength and elastic modulus are 113.9 MPa and 36.5 GPa, respectively. After oxidation treatment, the density varies to 1.80 g/cm³, and the flexural strength and elastic modulus are decreased to 58.9 MPa and 9.4 GPa, respectively. The mechanical properties of the composites are severely damaged, but they still exhibit a good toughness. The composites show excellent dielectric properties with the dielectric constant and loss tangent being 3.22 and 0.003 9, respectively, which indicates that the oxidation treatment is ineffective to improve the dielectric properties of SiO_2f/SiO₂-BN composites.     

Densification and sintering dynamics of 10NiO-NiFe2O4 composites doped with CaO

The effects of CaO content in the range from 0 to 4.0%, and sintering temperature on the phase composition, relative density and electrical conductivity of 10NiO-NiFe2O4 composites doped with CaO were studied. The results show that there is no change of structure for NiO or NiFe2O4; there is apparent oxygen absorbing and releasing behavior during the heating process in air for 10NiO-NiFe2O4 composites. Introduction of CaO can accelerate the densification of 10NiO-NiFe2O4 composites. The maximum value of relative density is 98.75% for composite doped with 2.0% CaO and sintered at 1 200 ℃, which is beyond about 20% for the undoped composites. The sintering activated energy of sample containing 2% CaO decreases by 15.87 kJ/mol, compared with that of the undoped sample.     

Effect of carbon fibre on properties of TiB2/C composite cathode coating for aluminum electrolysis

The tensile strength, compressive strength and electrical resistivity of TiB₂/C composite cathode coating were measured with a hydraulic pressure universal test machine and an electrical resistivity test device, and the effects of carbon fibre content and carbon fibre length on tensile strength, compressive strength and electrical resistivity were investigated. The results show that the tensile strength of coating increases at the beginning and then reduces with the increase of carbon fibre content when the carbon fibre (length of 3 mm) content ranges from 0 to 4.0%; at the carbon fibre content of 1.5%, the tensile strength of coating reaches the maximum, 25.6 MPa. For the coating with carbon fibre content of 1.5%, the carbon fibre length has a great influence on tensile strength and compressive strength of coating; when the carbon fibre length is 6 mm, the tensile strength and compressive strength of coating reach the maximum, 27.6 MPa and 39.2 MPa, respectively. The electrical resistivity of coating reduces with the rise of temperature and the length of carbon fibre, and the influence of carbon fibre length on electrical resistivity of coating at low temperature (30–200 °C) is more obvious than that at high temperature (960 °C). Foundation item: Project(2005CB623703) supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China     

纳米SiO2对橡胶再生混凝土抗压和劈裂抗拉强度的影响

为了研究掺入纳米SiO₂后对于橡胶再生混凝土抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度的影响,以C₃₀素混凝土为基准组,实验通过加入不同比例的橡胶（0%,1%,2%）、纳米SiO₂（0%,1.5%,3%）,分别等质量取代细骨料、水泥,分析纳米SiO₂和橡胶掺入再生混凝土后,对其立方体抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度的影响。结果显示:再生混凝土抗压和抗拉强度因纳米SiO₂加入量的增加逐渐变大,会随着橡胶的掺入而减小,但橡胶对再生混凝土力学性能的负面影响要远低于纳米SiO₂对其力学性能的正面作用。因此,加入一定量纳米SiO₂的橡胶再生混凝土可以有效改善其力学性能。     

Effect of CaO doping on mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance of 10NiO-NiFe2O4 composite ceramics

The CaO doped 10NiO-NiFe2O4 composite ceramics were prepared by the cold isostatic pressing-sintering process, and the effects of CaO content on the phase composition, mechanical property and thermal shock resistance of 10NiO-NiFe2O4 composite ceramics were studied. The results show that the samples mainly consist of NiO and NiFe2O4 when content of CaO is less than 4%（mass fraction）, bending strength increases obviously by CaO doping. Bending strength of the samples doped with 2% CaO is above 185 MPa, but that of the samples without CaO is only 60 MPa. Fracture toughness is improved obviously by CaO doping, the samples doped with 2% CaO have the maximum fracture toughness of 2.12 MPa·m^1/2, which is about two times of that of the undoped ceramics. CaO doping is bad to thermal shock resistance of 10NiO-NiFe2O4 composite ceramics.