离心泵输送粘油时叶轮内部流动模型

利用二维激光测速测量了离心泵输送粘油时最优和小流量工况下大出口角小包角叶轮内部流动。试验表明，在叶片吸力面存在已经分离的尾流，压力面不存在射流，叶轮内部流动与射流／尾流模型不符，尾流宽度与工况有关。     

固液两相流离心泵磨损机理和叶轮的设计

本文研究了固液两相流离心泵磨损机理，指出离心泵内叶轮出口附近的射流 尾流结构是离心泵内的局部磨损的重要原因。理论分析、试验结果及工业应用表明：采用小叶片出口角β2、少叶片数Z和大出口宽度b2的叶轮能减轻泵的磨损。     

直旋混合射流喷嘴结构参数对流场特性的影响

直旋混合射流兼具直射流和旋转射流的优点,为了进一步探究喷嘴结构参数对流场及破岩特性的影响,该文采用数值模拟方法,分析了叶轮中心孔直径、叶轮旋槽出口角度和面积、混合腔和收敛角等喷嘴结构参数对射流流动结构的影响规律。结果表明,射流轴心速度衰减主要受叶轮中心孔直径和旋槽出口角度的影响;截面切向速度分布规律主要受叶轮中心孔直径、叶轮旋槽出口角和截面积、混合腔收敛角及喷距的影响。对比不同结构参数下的破岩实验发现,轴心速度衰减梯度小,有利于提高喷嘴的有效作用距离,轴向速度大,有利于提高钻孔深度,切向速度峰值和作用面积大,有利于提高钻孔孔径。研究结果可为径向水平井射流钻头结构参数设计提供依据。     

离心泵叶轮内部流动数值解的评价

在贴体坐标系下，采用有限差分法计算了一个用激光测速计(LDV)测量过的实验叶轮内部无粘性流动。计算表明，在最优工况数值解与LDV测量值最大相对误差为17%，最小相对误差为2.7%，平均相对误差为11%.这一结果说明在最优工况，叶轮内部无粘性流动的数值解与实验得到的粘性解比较接近。因此采用叶轮内部无粘性流动模型和贴体坐标下系的有限差分法来进行离心泵叶片准三维反问题设计有较好精度。     

串列叶片技术在离心泵中应用的数值研究

将离心压缩机叶轮的串列叶片技术应用于低比转速离心泵,通过对2种叶轮的数值模拟计算分析,从流动而言,叶轮出口速度分布更加平稳,弱化射流-尾迹结构;从性能而言,整个运行范围内,扬程略减小,而使得H-Q曲线斜率平缓.     

射流泵内不可压流动N—S耦合方程有限元分析

应用Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ有限元和Ｂａｌｄｗｉｎ－Ｌｏｍａｘ湍流模型，求解射流泵内不可压粘性流动Ｎ－５耦合方程，得到了射流泵内部流动参数分布，给出两个计算实例，计算结果与滓测资料基本吻俣，从而为射流泵内部流场的数值模拟研究提供了一种新方法。     

双吸离心泵空化性能试验验证与数值模拟

对一台双吸离心泵的能量特性和空化外特性进行了试验测量,基于SST k-ω湍流模型及Zwart-GerberBelamri空化模型对双吸离心泵内部流动进行数值模拟,计算得到的双吸离心泵扬程曲线、效率曲线及扬程随有效空化余量变化曲线与试验结果吻合较好。数值模拟结果表明:随着有效空化余量的减小,叶轮内低压区从叶轮进口处向出口处渐渐扩大,叶轮内空化沿叶片吸力面从叶片头部向叶片尾部逐渐发展,并集聚在叶片吸力面顶部附近;泵扬程下降的主要原因是叶轮内空泡的阻塞作用,并叶轮内空化发展到一定程度时叶轮流道内出现旋涡区,使影响叶轮内部流态,导致泵扬程突降。     

入口含气率对深海多相混输泵性能影响研究

该文以标准状态下的水(连续相)和空气(离散相)作为流动介质,基于Eulerian-Eulerian非均相流模型,在不同进口含气率工况下对离心式深海多相混输泵内部流动特性进行数值模拟计算,研究离心式深海多相流混输泵的内部流动特性。通过获得叶轮和扩压器内部相态分布情况以及液相速度流线图,探索气液两相流在混输泵内部的流动规律。结果显示:气液两相工况下,混输泵从首级到末级的增压能力变化趋势相同,不同含气率下,末级混输泵的增压能力变化更大,含气率越高对增压能力影响越大;在低含气率下整个流道内的气相分布很均匀,气相更多聚集在叶片吸力面及出口边附近且有沿着叶片吸力面向叶轮出口运动的趋势,当进口含气率大于10%后,叶轮流道内叶片吸力面处出现较为明显的相态分离现象;不同含气率下叶轮和扩压器内压力脉动幅值变化趋势相似,幅值随着含气率的增加不断上升,通过实验结果验证了数值计算所采用的计算模型和方法是可靠的。     

基于平均流动动能输运的离心叶轮内能量损失及其机理分析

叶轮内能量损失是影响离心泵水力性能的关键因素,为探明离心式叶轮内的能量损失特性,本文采用可直接求解大尺度湍流结构的超大涡模拟方法对某低比转速离心叶轮三种流量(分别为1.0,0.6和0.25倍设计流量)下的内部流动进行数值模拟,基于平均流动动能输运研究叶轮内的流动特征、能量损失特性及其机理。通过积分平均流动动能输运方程的直接黏性耗散项和湍动能生成项,分别计算直接黏性损失和湍动能生成对应的平均流动动能损失,建立流场特征与能量损失的关联,获得流场中能量损失的空间分布特征。结果表明,叶轮内直接黏性损失集中在近壁区,且随流量降低而显著减小;湍动能生成是平均流动动能损失的主要形式,其与叶轮内流动的剪切效应直接相关,在叶片压力面,脱流和分离涡形成强剪切流动,湍动能生成项周向-周向分量(P_θθ)和径向-周向分量(P_rθ)将增加周向和径向速度脉动而使湍动能增加,径向-径向分量(P_rr)则减小速度脉动的径向分量,从而抑制平均流动动能转换为湍动能;对于叶片吸力面分离流动及叶轮出口回流所形成的强剪切流动,P_rθ和P     

离心泵叶轮旋转失速团特性分析

旋转失速是一种会显著降低水泵性能的不稳定流动现象。为研究离心泵旋转失速团的特性,采用动态混合非线性SGS模型对一离心泵叶轮进行了大涡模拟,得到了泵内部失速流场和压力脉动特性。研究发现,对于所研究的叶轮来讲,叶轮失速频率为转频的24%,叶轮内存在3个失速团,失速团的转速为叶轮转速的8%。对不同时间的内部流场进行分析,可以看到失速团首先产生于叶片吸力面,并逐渐增大,几乎阻塞了整个流道,导致顺着叶轮旋转方向的相邻叶片的进口冲角减小,该通道过流能力提高,退出阻塞状态;而在逆叶轮旋转方向的相邻叶片的进口冲角增大,通流能力减弱,直到流场也发生阻塞。按照这种传播规律,失速团在叶轮流道内以8%的叶轮转速缓慢传播。     

水平轴潮流能水轮机叶片变桨角度研究

利用Flow-3D软件建立了单桩型水平轴潮流能发电机的三维数值模型。采用该模型对不同叶片变桨角度时的水动力过程进行了模拟计算,并根据计算结果从叶轮转速、叶轮动能、叶轮受力、水位和流速变化的角度进行了分析和讨论。数值模拟结果表明：当叶片变桨角度增大时,来流方向的叶轮受力和叶轮动能也都随之增大;变桨角度对于与来流垂直的y和z方向的叶轮受力影响较小;叶片变桨角度越大、水轮机下游附近流速降低的越快,流速就越小,而在水轮机下游较远处,叶片变桨角度越大,尾流场恢复得越快,其流速也越大。     

Numerical prediction of 3-D periodic flow unsteadiness in a centrifugal pump under part-load condition

Numerical simulation and 3-D periodic flow unsteadiness analysis for a centrifugal pump with volute are carried out in whole flow passage, including the impeller with twisted blades, the volute and the side chamber channels under a part-load condition. The pressure fluctuation intensity coefficient （PFIC） based on the standard deviation method, the time-averaged velocity unsteadiness intensity coefficient （VUIC） and the time-averaged turbulence intensity coefficient （TIC） are defined by averaging the results at each grid node for an entire impeller revolution period. Therefore, the strength distributions of the periodic flow unsteadiness based on the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes （URANS） equations can be analyzed directly and in detail. It is shown that under the 0.6Qd~. condition, the pressure fluctuation intensity is larger near the blade pressure side than near the suction side, and a high fluctuation intensity can be observed at the beginning section of the spiral of the volute. The flow velocity unsteadiness intensity is larger near the blade suction side than near the pressure side. A strong turbulence intensity can be found near the blade suction side, the impeller shroud side as well as in the side chamber. The leakage flow has a significant effect on the inflow of the impeller, and can increase both the flow velocity unsteadiness intensity and the turbulence intensity near the wall. The accumulative flow unstea- diness results of an impeller revolution can be an important aspect to be considered in the centrifugal pump optimum design for obtaining a more stable inner flow of the pump and reducing the flow-induced vibration and noise in certain components.     

EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR FLOW FIELD AND FILM COOLING EFFECTIVENESS IN FILM-COOLED TURBINE

Numerical simulation of three-dimensional flow field and film cooling effectiveness in film-cooled turbine rotor and stationary turbine cascade were carried out by using the k - ε turbulence model, and the predictions of the three-dimensional velocities were compared with the measured results by Laser-Doppler Velocimetry (LDV). Results reveal the secondary flow near the blade surface in the wake region behind the jet hole. Compared with the stationary cascade, there are the centrifugal force and Coriolis force existing in the flow field of the turbine rotor, and these forces make the three-dimensional flow field change in the turbine rotor, especially for the radial velocity. The effect of rotation on the flow field and the film cooling effectiveness on the pressure side is more apparent than that on the suction side as is shown in the computational and measured results, and the low film cooling effectiveness appears on the pressure surface of the turbine rotor blade compared with that of the stationary cascade.     

双吸泵小流量工况下的空化特性研究

为研究双吸泵在小流量工况下叶轮内部空化特性,同时进一步说明小流量工况相比于设计工况时的空化特性差异,结合均质两相流模型和SST k-ω湍流模型,对双吸泵小流量工况和设计工况下的全流道空化流场进行数值模拟,以分析不同流量工况下空化分布与发展情况,以及空化对各叶片载荷造成的影响。研究结果表明:适当减小双吸泵进口流量,有助于改善双吸泵的空化性能;在小流量工况下空化首先发生于叶片吸力面头部靠后盖板附近,而且此处的空泡体积分数最大,这一空化特征同设计工况有所差异;随着NPSH的降低,叶轮内空化不断加强,但是小流量工况下的空化强度始终不及设计工况;不同空化状态会导致叶片吸力面压力的变化,从而表现为叶片表面载荷分布的变化。     

Experimental study of flow field in interference area between impeller and guide vane of axial flow pump

Axial flow pump is a kind of typical pumps with rotor-stator interaction, thus the measurement of the flow field between impeller and guide vane would facilitate the study of the internal rotor-stator interaction mechanism. Through a structural modification of a traditional axial flow pump, the requirements of particle image velocimetry（PIV） measurement are met. Under the condition of opt.0.8Q, the axial vortex is identified between impeller hub and guide vane hub, which is developed into the main flow and to affect the movement when the relative positions of impeller and guide vane at different flow rates are the same. Besides, the development and the dissipation of the tip leakage and the passage vortex in impeller passages are mainly responsible for the difference of the flow field close to the outer rim. As the flow rate decreases, the distribution of the meridional velocities at the impeller outlet becomes more non-uniform and the radial velocity component keeps increasing. The PIV measurement results under the condition of opt.1.0Q indicate that the flow separation and the trailing vortex at the trailing edge of a blade are likely to result in a velocity sudden change in this area, which would dramatically destroy the continuity of the flow field. Moreover, the radial direction of the flow between impeller and guide vane on the measurement plane does not always point from hub to rim. For a certain position, the direction is just from rim to hub, as is affected by the location of the intersection line of the shooting section and the impeller blade on the impeller as well as the angle between the intersection line and the rotating shaft.     

离心叶轮内宾汉流体的密相两相湍流数值模拟

阐述了宾汉流体控制方程的特点,首先对单相的宾汉流体与密相液固两相流进行了计算,计算结果与实验数据吻合较好。其次对离心叶轮内的含颗粒的宾汉流体的两相流动进行了计算,从进口到出口,宾汉流体的速度是减小的,压力随半径增大逐渐升高,而且压力面上的压力大于吸力面上的压力。吸力面上的颗粒拟温度小于压力面上的颗粒拟温度,而且靠近壁面处的大于叶道中的。从减轻叶片磨损角度来讲,双圆弧型线比单圆弧的好,叶片出口角小的比出口角大的好。最后比较了液固两相流与含颗粒的宾汉流体的两相流的流动,颗粒拟温度有较大差别。     

轴流泵叶片安放角增大过渡过程特性

建立配置虹吸式出水流道的立式轴流泵几何模型, 提出轴流泵在运行中调节叶片安放角过程的三维非定常数值模拟方法, 采用动网格及网格重构技术实现叶片自转与其随叶轮公转的复合运动。选定 3 种调节规律进行数值模拟, 获得相关工作参数变化规律和内部流场变化情况。结果表明: 采用 3 种不同时间增大叶片安放角 2°, 机组流量增加 4.4% ~ 4.9% , 叶轮水力矩增加 5.1% ~ 5.9% , 叶轮进出口平面的测点静压波动范围较大; 在叶片安放角增大的过程中, 叶轮区域流态恶化、有涡核分布, 叶片吸力面出现分布不均匀的低压区域; 调节时间为 1 s 时, 叶轮进 出口平面测点静压及叶轮水力矩的波动范围要大于其他两种规律, 叶轮区域的涡核分布也要多于其他两种规律, 故在较短时间增大叶片安放角会增加叶轮区域的不稳定性。     

INTERNAL FLOW MECHANISM AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF LOW PRESSURE AXIAL FAN WITH FORWARD-SKEWED BLADES

This article presents the flow mechanism analysis and experimental study of a forward-skewed impeller and a radial impeller in low pressure axial fan. The forward-skewed blade was obtained by the optimization design of the radial blade and CFD technique. Measurement of the two blades was carried out in aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performance. Compared to the radial blade, the forward-skewed blade has demonstrated the improvements in efficiency, total pressure ratio, Stable Operating Range （SOR） and less aerodynamic noise. Detailed flow measurement and computation were performed for outlet flow field for investigating the responsible flow mechanisms. The results show the forward-skewed blade can cause a spanwise redistribution of flow toward the blade mid-span and reduce tip loading. This results in reduced significantly total pressure loss near hub and shroud endwall region, despite the slight increase of total pressure loss at mid-span.