纳米炭纤维含量对其酚醛复合材料性能影响

采用纳米炭纤维对酚醛树脂改性,通过力学性能、烧蚀性能测试以及电镜和X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析研究了纳米炭纤维含量对炭/酚醛树脂基复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,当纳米炭纤维质量分数为15%时,其改性复合材料的层间剪切强度最大,达到31.17 MPa,氧乙炔线烧蚀率最小,为0.020 mm/s。分析了其改性机理,指出纳米炭纤维在树脂中的分散均匀程度是获得理想复合材料性能的关键。     

一种RTM用耐烧蚀改性酚醛树脂性能研究

对一种新型改性酚醛树脂的粘度特性、耐热性和耐烧蚀性能及其复合材料的性能进行了研究,得出该树脂体系的粘度在60~120℃的范围内均小于800m Pa·s,且在70℃、80℃时工艺适用期大于150min;其玻璃化温度Tg为253℃,氮气气氛800℃残炭率可达到67.1%,质量烧蚀率和线烧蚀率分别为0.0766g/s、0.119mm/s;RTM成型碳纤维增强改性酚醛树脂复合材料的层间剪切强度和轴向压缩强度分别可达39.3MPa和177MPa,氧-乙炔烧蚀的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为0.044mm/s、0.0762g/s。结果表明,该种树脂体系具有粘度低、工艺适用期长以及良好的耐热性和耐烧蚀性能,能很好地满足RTM工艺的要求,且其碳纤维针刺复合材料具有作为耐烧蚀材料的潜质。     

玄武岩纤维/酚醛树脂基复合材料性能研究

对玄武岩纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合材料进行了实验研究。制备了连续玄武岩纤维平纹织物增强酚醛树脂复合材料。研究了胶含量对玄武岩纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料拉伸、压缩和层间剪切强度等力学性能、耐烧蚀性能的影响。利用SEM对复合材料压缩、层间剪切破坏断口和烧蚀试样的微观形貌进行了分析。研究结果表明,玄武岩纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料具有较好的界面性能,树脂含量在36%时CBF/酚醛树脂复合材料的力学性能最佳,线烧蚀性率和质量烧蚀率最低。     

RTM用酚醛树脂热化学行为及其复合材料性能研究

研究了一种适用于RTM成型工艺用酚醛树脂的DSC、TG、Tg和粘温特性等热化学行为,在分析其工艺适应性的基础上制备了碳纤维针刺预制体RTM成型复合材料,对复合材料的力学性能、热物理性能及烧蚀性能进行了测试。结果表明,复合材料层间剪切强度为32.4MPa,200℃的比热容为1530J/(kg·K),25~200℃线膨胀系数为-0.234×10-6/℃,线烧蚀率为0.069mm/s,质量烧蚀率为0.0926g/s,表现出了作为热防护材料的良好特性。     

石英纤维增强可瓷化硼酚醛耐烧蚀复合材料研究

以硼酚醛树脂为基体,石英纤维为增强体,氧化硅、石墨及云母为陶瓷填料制备了可瓷化复合材料。通过1 400℃下烧结前后材料的力学性能测试、氧-乙炔焰(2 100℃)烧蚀性能测试,扫描电镜、热重分析及X射线衍射分析研究了不同含量陶瓷填料对石英纤维增强可瓷化硼酚醛树脂复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,常温下石英纤维增强可瓷化硼酚醛树脂复合材料的弯曲强度随着陶瓷填料含量的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,最高可达到220.62 MPa,经过1 400℃马弗炉烧蚀后,弯曲强度最高可达19.10 MPa。随着陶瓷填料含量的增加,复合材料的耐烧蚀性能提高,质量烧蚀率和线烧蚀率最低可分别达到0.050 g/s和0.0187 mm/s。陶瓷填料经1 400℃高温处理后在一定程度下可生成SiC,使材料转变为含碳化硅的陶瓷基复合材料,提高了复合材料的弯曲强度、耐烧蚀性和耐高温性。与通常碳化硅陶瓷复合材料相比,该制备工艺简单,可大规模生产,实现了陶瓷基复合材料的低成本化。     

纳米炭粉改性炭布/苯并噁嗪复合材料性能研究

研究了纳米炭粉对炭布/苯并噁嗪复合材料层间性能和烧蚀性能的影响.结果表明,当纳米炭粉含量为5%时,发布/苯并噁嗪复合材料的层间剪切强度提高26%达到30.3MPa,氧-乙炔线烧蚀率降低23%为0.0154mm/s.700℃高温处理后.改性后的复合材料有着较高的强度保留率.     

耐烧蚀硅橡胶复合材料的研制

以苯基硅橡胶为基体,研究了氧化锆、短切碳纤维、碳纳米管、芳纶纤维不同填料对硅橡胶复合材料力学性能和烧蚀性能的影响。结果表明,同条件下以短切碳纤维为填料的复合材料耐烧蚀性能最佳。随着短切碳纤维用量的增加,复合材料烧蚀率逐渐降低,硬度逐渐升高,拉伸强度逐渐减小,拉断伸长率逐渐降低。     

纳米无机填料改性酚醛树脂基防热复合材料烧蚀性能研究现状

树脂基体中共混纳米无机填料是提高酚醛树脂基复合材料烧蚀性能的一种有效途径,无机填料与酚醛树脂共混改性制备复合材料的工艺简单、成本低、改性效果明显,已成为重要的研究方向。本文对无机填料特别是纳米无机填料改性酚醛树脂基烧蚀材料的烧蚀性能研究进行了梳理,并对多种纳米填料改性复合材料的烧蚀机理研究进行总结归纳。     

剥离型酚醛树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料研究

用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对蒙脱土进行了有机化处理,使蒙脱土由亲水性变成亲油性。采用XRD、FTIR及TEM研究了有机蒙脱土及其在酚醛树脂中的剥离行为,制备了酚醛树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料并测试了其层间剪切性能和烧蚀性能。实验结果表明,经CTAB处理的蒙脱土与酚醛树脂具有良好的相容性,且CTAB的含量较多时所制得的有机蒙脱土的结构较好,根据Bragg方程计算,CTAB用量超过蒙脱土量50%时,蒙脱土的片层间距由原来的1.48 nm增加到2.33 nm;有机蒙脱土用量小于5%时生成完全剥离型酚醛树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料;与碳布增强酚醛树脂复合材料相比,碳布增强酚醛树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的力学性能和烧蚀性能均有一定的提高和改善,层间剪切强度随蒙脱土含量的增多而增大,蒙脱土用量为15%时,层间剪切强度提高了27.1%,线烧蚀率在用量为3%时降低了48.5%,质量烧蚀率变化不明显。     

RTM成型针刺预制体增强糠酮树脂烧蚀复合材料性能研究

以炭布/炭网胎叠层针刺预制体为增强体,糠酮树脂为基体,采用RTM工艺制备出表面质量良好的复合材料,对复合材料的力学及烧蚀性能进行测试分析.结果表明,制备的复合材料具有良好的力学性能特别是层间剪切强度,高达66.3MPa;氧-乙炔线烧蚀率为0.0368mm/s,质量烧蚀率为0.0865g/s,烧蚀性能较好.     

CE/EP/CF复合材料的湿热性能研究

采用溶液预浸渍法分别制备了两种碳纤维(CF)增强环氧树脂(EP)改性氰酸酯树脂(CE)(CE/EP/CF)复合材料,研究了该复合材料的吸湿行为及湿热环境对其力学性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明,CE/EP基体具有比EP更小的吸湿能力;湿热环境对CE/EP/CF复合材料的纵向拉伸强度影响不大,但对其层间剪切强度的影响较为显著。     

Improving delamination resistance of carbon fiber reinforced polymeric composite by interface engineering using carbonaceous nanofillers through electrophoretic deposition: An assessment at different in-service temperatures

In this article, modification of carbon fiber surface by carbon based nanofillers (multi-walled carbon nanotubes [CNT], carbon nanofibers, and multi-layered graphene) has been achieved by electrophoretic deposition technique to improve its interfacial bonding with epoxy matrix, with a target to improve the mechanical performance of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites. Flexural and short beam shear properties of the composites were studied at extreme temperature conditions; in-situ cryo, room and elevated temperature (−196, 30, and 120°C respectively). Laminate reinforced with CNT grafted carbon fibers exhibited highest delamination resistance with maximum improvement in flexural strength as well as in inter-laminar shear strength (ILSS) among all the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy (CE) composites at all in-situ temperatures. CNT modified CE composite showed increment of 9% in flexural strength and 17.43% in ILSS when compared to that of unmodified CE composite at room temperature (30°C). Thermomechanical properties were investigated using dynamic mechanical analysis. Fractography was also carried out to study different modes of failure of the composites.     

Effect of quasi‐carbonization processing parameters on the mechanical properties of quasi‐carbon/phenolic composites

In this work, quasi‐carbon fabrics were produced by quasi‐carbonization processes conducted at and below 1200°C. Stabilized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fabrics and quasi‐carbon fabrics were used as reinforcements of phenolic composites with a 50 wt %/50 wt % ratio of the fabric to the phenolic resin. The effect of the quasi‐carbonization process on the flexural properties, interfacial strength, and dynamic mechanical properties of quasi‐carbon/phenolic composites was investigated in terms of the flexural strength and modulus, interlaminar shear strength, and storage modulus. The results were also compared with those of a stabilized PAN fabric/phenolic composite. The flexural, interlaminar, and dynamic mechanical results were quite consistent with one another. On the basis of all the results, the quasi‐static and dynamic mechanical properties of quasi‐carbon/phenolic composites increased with the applied external tension and heat‐treatment temperature increasing and with the heating rate decreasing for the quasi‐carbonization process. This study shows that control of the processing parameters strongly influences not only the mechanical properties of quasi‐carbon/phenolic composites but also the interlaminar shear strength between the fibers and the matrix resin. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Mechanical and thermal transmission properties of carbon nanofiber‐dispersed carbon/phenolic multiscale composites

The present article reports the development and characterization of carbon nanofiber (CNF)‐incorporated carbon/phenolic multiscale composites. Vapor‐grown CNFs were dispersed homogeneously in to phenolic resin using an effective dispersion route, and carbon fabrics were subsequently impregnated with the CNF‐dispersed resin to develop carbon fiber/CNF/phenolic resin multiscale composites. Mechanical and thermal transmission properties of multiscale composites were characterized. Elastic modulus and thermal conductivity of neat carbon/phenolic and multiscale composites were predicted and compared with the experimental results. It was observed that incorporation of only 1.5 wt % CNF resulted in 10% improvement in Young's modulus, 12% increase in tensile strength, and 36% increase in thermal conductivity of carbon/phenolic composites. Fracture surface of composite samples revealed the formation of stronger fiber/matrix interface in case of multiscale composites than neat carbon/phenolic composites. Enhancement of above properties through CNF addition has been explained, and the difference between the predicted values and experimental results has been discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

碳纳米管对酚醛树脂/碳纤维复合材料力学性能的影响

利用碳纳米管(CNTs)对酚醛树脂(PF)进行改性,研究了CNTs含量对PF/碳纤维(CF)复合材料力学性能的影响。研究表明,CNTs能够明显提高PF/CF复合材料的力学性能,当CNTs的含量为0.5%时,复合材料的弯曲强度达到最大值(891.8MPa),与未加入CNTs时相比提高了168.4MPa,而弯曲弹性模量降低了9.5GPa;当CNTs的含量为1.5%时,复合材料的压缩强度、层间剪切强度、冲击强度均达到最大值,与未加入CNTs时相比,分别提高了10.4%、79.2%、71.9%。     

碳纳米管／环氧耐热复合材料性能研究

研究了碳纳米管／环氧树脂复合材料电性能、热氧老化性能和粘接性能。研究结果表明：添加量为2％时,复合材料的综合性能最优,表面电阻率和体积电阻率分别下降了9—10个数量级,剪切强度提高了12．33％,当老化时间达到200h,复合材料重量保持率仍有90％。制得的复合材料能够用于耐热胶粘剂和防静电材料。     

Hygrothermal cycling effects on the durability of phenolic based composites

Work has been performed to investigate the thermal and mechanical properties of carbon fiber/phenolic resin composites as engineering materials for the aerospace industry. These materials are cost effective while displaying excellent temperature and fire resistance as well as good mechanical properties. All phenolic and epoxy composite specimens used here were prepared by resin transfer molding (RTM) to model a cost‐effective process. Hygrothermal cycling effects on the property changes of phenolic composites were evaluated through thermal, mechanical, and morphological tests. The fracture performance of a phenolic composite modified with a silicone‐based additive decreased after fewer hygrothermal cycles than unmodified phenolic and epoxy composites. Results from dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) experiments showed that the modified phenolic composite was more significantly affected by the hygrothermal cycling than the unmodified phenolic composites. Fatigue tests showed that the phenolic composites that were not exposed to hygrothermal cycling had more resistance to fatigue cycles than the epoxy composites.     

Carbon/carbon composites derived from poly(ethylene oxide)‐modified novolac‐type phenolic resin: Microstructure and physical,and morphological properties

A poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) novolac‐type phenolic resin blend was prepared by the physical blending method. The modified novolac‐type phenolic resin with various PEO contents was used as a matrix precursor to fabricate carbon/carbon composites. The effect of the PEO/phenolic resin mixing ratio on the change of the density and of the porosity was studied. The flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength of the PEO/phenolic resin blend‐derived carbon/carbon composites were also investigated. The results show that the density of the PEO/phenolic resin blend‐derived carbon/carbon composites decreases with the PEO content. The X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectra studies showed that the carbon fiber in the samples will affect the growth of the ordered carbon structure. From SEM morphological observation, it is shown that the fracture surface of specimens is smooth. Also, there is less fiber pull‐out and fiber breakage on the fracture surface. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1609–1619, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10407