基于傅里叶变换去隔行图像的动态3维面形测量

为了解决动态面形测量中隔行扫描CCD相机记录动态物体表面变形条纹图像存在缺陷的问题,提出了傅里叶变换去隔行算法,即把隔行扫描CCD获取动态物体的错位模糊帧图像分成两个单场图像,分别对每一单场图像进行傅里叶变换去隔行处理,再利用条纹分析法重建对应时刻的3维面形。理论分析得出单场傅里叶变换去隔行图像与对应的准确满帧图像相同的结论。结果表明,该方法可以很好地恢复条纹和重建物体,且简单实用,可用于基于空间相位检测、相位测量轮廓术、傅里叶变换轮廓术等条纹分析方法的动态物体3维测量中。     

基于一维经验模态分解的非等步在线三维面形测量

提出一种基于一维经验模态分解(EMD,empirical mode decomposition)的像素匹配方法,应用于在线三维面形测量。首先由计算机产生一固定正弦光栅条纹图,利用DLP投影仪投射到被测物体表面,物体在线运动将产生等效相移,由CCD相机采集5帧任意步长的受物体面形调制的变形条纹图。由于物体的运动使得几帧变形条纹图中的物体像素不对应,因此需要对变形条纹图进行像素匹配。通过对采集到的5帧变形条纹图进行一维EMD,可以得到与待测物体形貌变化一致的模态图像分布,然后通过大津法对其进行二值化处理,并截取可靠性较高的部分作为像素匹配模板进行像素匹配,计算出相应的等效相移量。最后利用五步非等步相移算法解相,并恢复出被测物体的三维形貌。计算机仿真与实验验证了本文方法的有效性。     

基于隔行扫描奇偶场图像的动态物体三维面形测量

存基于傅里叶变换轮廓术(FTP)的动态物体三维面形测量中,选用隔行扫描CCD相机记录动态图像,由于其一帧中两场图像时间上的分离性,导致帧图像错位模糊,使测量误差增大甚至产生错误.针对这一问题,提出利用隔行扫描CCD获取动态物体的错位模糊帧图像分成两个单场图像,各自直接利用FTP重建物体面形的新方法.理论分析得出单场图像与准确的满帧图像重建物体三维面形是完全相同的结论;仿真及实验结果都表明该方法的有效性.该方法既保持了原有准确帧图像的重建精度,又使整个测量系统的时间分辨率提高了1倍;实现简单快捷.     

基于单帧图像的物体面内位移和速度测量

为了实现单帧图像检测物体两个运动状态的目的 ,提出了一种利用隔行扫描摄像机采集单帧图像 测量物体在远动平面内的位移和速度的新方法。隔行扫描方式的摄像机采集在平面内运动物 体的一帧图像, 是由相隔一个场周期时间采集的奇场和偶场图像组成,每个单场图像经过傅里叶变换去隔行 算法处理,获 得与单场对应的帧图像质量相当的去隔行图像。根据物体与背景对光的反射率不同,提取物 体的轮廓获得 二值化模板,计算质心获得亚像素的定位精度,通过标定获得匹配点的空间坐标,进而计算 在一个场周期 时间内的位移和平均速度。对面内匀速运动物体的实验中,被测速度的最大绝度误差为0.35mm/s,相对误 差为0.78%。实验结果证明本文方法的有效性。     

一种适合低信噪比投影栅的时空二维相移算法

提出了一种适合低信噪比投影栅的时空二维相移算法。首先设计四步相移正弦光栅条纹图,由DLP投影仪投影到待测物体表面,再由CCD相机采集受物体形貌调制的变形条纹图;然后对其中一幅变形条纹图进行傅里叶变换以确定抽样间隔,再对4幅相移条纹图用相移法求得条纹背景和调制幅度后,对每幅变形条纹图做归一化处理;对每幅相移条纹图在空间域进行下采样抽样和灰度插值,构建相移莫尔条纹图,得到多帧时空域相移条纹图;对多帧时空域相移条纹图按时空二维相移法处理求得莫尔相位,再将莫尔相位与抽样点相位叠加求和得到变形条纹图对应的相位数据;最后,以面膜作为样品进行了实验测量,结果表明,经典四步相移法重构的物体形貌出现明显失真,而本文方法能较好恢复物体的三维形貌。     

基于二维经验模态分解的五步非等步在线三维检测

提出一种基于二维经验模态分解(2DEMD)的像素匹配方法,并结合五步非等步算法应用于在线三维面形测量中。将一正弦条纹投影到在线匀速运动的待测物体上,物体运动产生等效相移,在一个条纹周期范围内任意采集五帧变形条纹图。采用2DEMD方法对变形条纹图进行分解,可以得到与待测物体形貌变化一致的模态图像,通过大津法对其进行二值化处理,并截取可靠性较高的区域作为像素匹配模板进行像素匹配,使各帧条纹图中物点一一对应并计算出相应的等效相移量。再利用五步非等步相移算法解相可得到截断相位,采用相位展开算法得到连续相位,利用相位高度映射公式可恢复出被测物体的三维面形。计算机模拟与实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

应用三步相移法的三维面形测量

提出一种基于三步非定步相移的三维面形测量方法。首先将投影仪投出的光栅进行预校正,保证投到参考面的条纹为标准的正弦条纹。测量时,由投影仪投影三幅等相移量的光栅到待测物体表面,CCD相机对应采集三帧变形条纹图,由相位计算模型提取相位。最后通过高度映射公式恢复待测物体的三维面形。该方法有较好的抗噪性能,在噪声较大情况下,仍能进行测量,为动态在线测量奠定了基础。模拟及初步实验均验证了该方法的可行性。     

傅里叶变换轮廓术中抑制零频的新方法

基于条纹投影的傅里叶变换轮廓术(FTP)是一种非接触、快速的光学三维面形测量方法.将短时傅里叶变换引入傅里叶变换轮廓术中,通过合适滑动窗口把变形条纹分成许多局部条纹段.计算每一个局部变形条纹的归一化傅里叶谱,提取零频分量,从中重构出变形条纹的零频分量.再计算原变形条纹的归一化傅里叶谱,并从中减去零频分量,以达到利用一帧变形条纹就可以抑制或消除零频分量对傅里叶变换轮廓术测量的影响,使得携带被测物体高度信息的基频分量的扩展几乎可以达到零频,而不发生混叠,相当于达到了π相移技术消除零频的效果.同采用π相移技术来消除背景光场的改进傅里叶变换轮廓术方法相比,此新方法仅需要对CCD获取的一帧条纹图进行处理,测量装置简单,随着计算机处理速度的提高,使傅里叶变换轮廓术能真正发挥其快速测量的优势.     

基于灰度拓展复合光栅的单帧三维测量方法

提出了一种基于灰度拓展的单帧正交复合光栅三维测量方法。由于受商用DLP最大灰阶动态范围256的标准限制,单帧复合光栅中的多张调制光栅共享256灰阶动态范围导致其对比度变小,其表征的三维物体的相位信息被压缩,解相过程出现相位断裂现象,测量误差增大。采用时分复用原理,将一具有766灰阶的正交复合光栅拆分为三幅不同的具有256灰阶的条纹图。依次序加载进循环播放的视频中投射至待测物体表面,当用曝光时间为3倍视频刷新周期的整数倍10 bit CCD采集时,就可采集到具有766灰阶动态范围的变形复合光栅像。通过滤波和灰度校准等计算后,物体的三维面形能够完整而精确的重建。经仿真和实验验证,所提方法打破了DLP256灰度投影的限制,有效提高了相移变形条纹的动态范围,增大了被测物体细节信息,避免了相位展开环节相位断裂而引起物体面形重构不完整的现象。     

改进的阶梯相位去包裹算法研究

为减少投影条纹数量,提高测量速度,提出了一种 改进的阶梯相位去包裹算法。算法 采用彩色条纹投影测量物体三维形貌,将正弦和阶梯相位条纹分别输入彩色图像的红 色和蓝色通道构成彩色条纹,由DLP投影仪将四步相移彩色条纹投影到待测物体上,由彩色 CCD相机采集。利用颜色分离技术得到2组四步相移条纹图,其中一组为4幅正弦条纹,由四 步相移法求得正弦条纹包裹相位,另一组4幅阶梯相位编码条纹图,由与正弦条纹周期一致 的阶梯相位构成,经阶梯相位解码确定条纹级次,利用自校正算法去除条纹级次噪点后,实 现相位去包裹。进行了实际测量,结果表明,本方法 测量精度与采用四步相移法相当,但只需4幅条纹图,有效减少了投影和采集的条纹数量, 提高了测量速度。     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first     

JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS(CHINA)

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NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS NETWORKS–ESPECIALLY THE USE OF MILLI-MICROWAVE BANDS

The global bandwidth shortage of wireless communications has motivated the exploration of the naillimeter wave （ram-wave） frequency spectrum for the next generation wireless communications. Recent advances in RF CMOS technology and high speed baseband signal processing technologies have enabled tile extensive research and development of turn-wave wireless communications. The multi gigabit per second data rate of ram-wave system will lead to applications in many important scenarios, such as WPAN, WLAN,back-haul for cellular system. And the frequency bands include 28 GHz, 38 GHz, 45GHz, 60GHz, E-BAND and even beyond 100 GHz. The propagation and the imitation of the RF circuits design in these frequency bands make the directional antennas be inevitable for mm-wave communications.