某大口径迫榴炮同时弹着的理论分析

采用同时弹着射击方式旨在提高火炮的突袭威力,其威力的提高程度取决于同时弹着的射弹数量.用经典外弹道模型对某大口径迫榴炮的主配弹种迫弹、榴弹和预制破片弹各装药号的最大射程范围进行了计算,从理论上分析了不同射程同时弹着的射弹数量;分别对3个弹种的不同装药号进行了射距5 km的外弹道计算,在满足该炮同时弹着方案选择条件的前提下,确定了严格同时弹着的射击方案.结果表明,多弹种混合同时弹着在射弹数量方面更具优势.某大口径迫榴炮由于射角变化范围大、配备弹种多,因此是比较适合采用同时弹着射击方式的炮种之一.     

利用随行装药技术实现超高速发射的探讨

在探讨了运用常规方法实现超高速发射的基础上,该文着重讨论了固体随行装药(STC)技术,完成了相应的弹道摸底试验.在某30mm火炮上使质量为57g的弹丸获得了大约2115m/s的初速,在最大膛压相当的情况下,初速增加了近100m/s,初步显示了随行装药(TC)技术提高火炮初速的弹道效果,并且还有很大的增速潜力.     

采用包覆随行装药提高炮射导弹内弹道性能的数值预测

在不增加过载的情况下,为了提高炮射导弹发射初速,提出采用包覆随行装药的火炮装药结构。建立了包含半可燃药筒在内的混合装药内弹道模型,主装药选取高能钝感发射药,随行装药利用低燃速药进行包覆处理,分析了不同随行率和包覆层厚度条件下内弹道性能变化。计算结果表明:在一定范围内,随着随行率的增加,弹丸初速提高;通过改变包覆层厚度能够很好地控制随行装药点火延迟时间。     

基于非层次型改进二级求解技术的大口径火炮多学科优化设计

以某大口径火炮为研究对象,研究该火炮弹-炮-药一体化设计中弹、炮、药参数的更优匹配关系。基于内弹道、外弹道及终点效应3个子学科的内部耦合关系,以弹丸最大初速、火药利用效率、射程及杀伤面积为优化目标,借助Isight集成优化平台,采用非层次型改进二级求解策略,建立了系统学科及某大口径火炮弹-炮-药一体化多学科优化模型。相比于传统的单目标优化方法,该模型充分发挥了各个子学科的自治能力,借助系统学科的统筹协调,避免了优化目标的过度劣化,实现了火炮综合性能的改善。     

埋头弹随行装药内弹道性能的数值分析

为研究埋头弹火炮的更优性能,基于2次点火及火药程序燃烧控制技术,建立了埋头弹固体随行装药内弹道零维模型。针对某埋头式榴弹的试验结果进行了数值模拟,获得的初速、膛压变化规律与实测结果相吻合。在此基础上,数值分析了加载随行装药后多参数变化对埋头弹火炮内弹道性能的影响。结果表明,在最大膛压不变的条件下,随行装药可提高炮口初速6%; 随行装药量、燃速系数及点火延迟时间三者合理优化匹配,才能实现最佳的内弹道性能。     

某大口径火炮两相流内弹道模拟

为了掌握大口径低膛压火炮初速或然误差的影响因素,建立了某大口径火炮两相流内弹道模型并完成了数值模拟。通过模拟装药分布、弹丸挤进过程、点火过程对火炮初速的影响,了解各种装药因素对火炮初速或然误差的影响程度。所得结果为进一步优化装药结构,提高初速稳定性提供参考。     

水下炮内弹道分析与数值仿真

为提高火炮在水下发射的初速,水下炮炮口设有挡水板,发射时挡水板改变了膛内弹丸的受力状况。通过水下炮发射时弹丸膛内的受力分析,考虑射弹前方压缩空气形成的激波压力,结合经典内弹道理论,建立了水下炮内弹道模型。以某口径水下炮发射为例进行了数值仿真,得到水下炮的膛压和速度曲线,与传统火炮对比,变化趋势基本一致,但膛压略有增大,初速有所减小;仿真还得到水下炮弹前激波压力曲线,仿真结果与实验结果吻合。     

120mm反坦克炮采用随行装药提高初速的理论研究

采用两相流内弹道方法，对１２０ｍｍ反坦克炮随行装药方案提高初速问题进行了理论研究。建立了两种随行装药方案，即粘结式和包容式条件下边界条件方程组，并进行内弹道数值分析。在最大压力、弹重、弹丸行程不变的假定条件下，当随行药为全部装药质量的３０％时，包容式可提高初速１１６ｍ／ｓ，即６．７％；而粘结式只能提高６６ｍ／ｓ，即３．８％。最后，就随行装药提高初速的可能性和必要条件作了讨论。     

固体随行装药内弹道模型及数值模拟

随行装药点火燃烧在整个火炮内弹道过程中具有独特性，有必要开展随行装药内弹道过程的理论研究，为工程应用提供理论指导。采用包容式固体随行装药方案，利用新研制的点火延迟机构，考虑了弹丸的变质量问题。在实验的基础上，建立了固体随行装药的内弹道零维模型，并与常规装药进行了对比，预测了弹后空间特征参数的变化规律。采用模型编写的计算软件计算结果与30mm弹道炮的实验结果进行比较可以看出，计算的P-t曲线与实测的P-t曲线具有较好的一致性。建立的数学物理模型的处理方法行之有效，可以用来指导随行装药的设计。     

地面火炮射程的外弹道优化设计

本文以射程为优化目标,对火炮弹丸在全弹道上从气动力、外弹道等诸性能方面进行了系统综合优化,同时,对火炮、弹丸外弹道优化理论中的一些问题进行了探讨,建立了优化设计数学模型,并采用数学规划方法求解,编制了相应的计算程序。利用该计算程序,只要根据下达的设计任务输入一些已知参数(如炮口能量、膛线缠度等),就可对弹丸最大射程的外弹道优化设计进行计算,给出最佳的弹重、初速、弹形参数等主要设计参数。文中还对175mm火炮弹丸进行了优化设计计算,并与原方案进行了比较.另外,利用该程序还可进行优化计算在满足一定射程时所需的最小炮口能量。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.