外加应力作用下Ni75Al11.5V13.5合金时效沉淀相的定向粗化

为研究镍基合金Ni75Al11.5V13.5等温时效沉淀颗粒在外应力场作用下的长大,在三元微观相场模型中引入外加应力场,模拟1 046.5 K时效产物L12和D022在外加应力作用下的定向粗化.计算结果表明,微观相场模型可以模拟相结构和晶格中的原子配置,并能清晰地模拟有序相沉淀颗粒间界面.外加应力大小和方向以及持续施加的时间对L12沉淀时效行为有显著影响,施加的外加应力越大、持续时间越长,外加应力方向的定向粗化效应越明显.时效过程中,D022相在L12相与母相界面形核且D022相L12相的间隙中生长,其形态始终受L12相的制约.     

Al 合金激光熔凝区中的孪晶组织

用透射电镜观察到,在含稀土 Al 合金激光熔凝区中存在大面积孪晶。激光快速熔凝使稀土元素Ce 在 Al 中的溶解度提高是导致孪晶生成的主要原因。选区电子衍射证实,孪晶结构的孪晶面为{111}。     

铝硅合金中共晶硅的变质机理:杂质诱发共生成对孪晶

为探讨铝硅合金中共晶硅的变质机理,根据杂质诱发共生成对孪晶的理论,对共晶硅的变质机理进行了分析.结果表明:杂质原子诱发的共生成对孪晶之一使得共晶硅在平行于{111}晶面的方向以TPRE的机制生长,而共生成对孪晶中的另一处与原{111}晶面夹角为109.5°的孪晶,则使得共晶硅垂直于{111}晶面方向的生长也按照TPRE机制进行;共生成对孪晶大大加快了共晶硅垂直于{111}晶面方向的生长,并大大降低{111}晶面厚度方向的生长速度与平行于{111}晶面的生长速度的差异,从根本上改变了共晶硅生长时的各向异性特点,使得共晶硅以各向同性方式生长,最终长成纤维状.     

SiC_P/Al复合材料晶面衍射弹性常数的两相模型计算

通过分析外载荷作用下,SiCP/Al复合材料中Al基体相和SiC相的相互作用关系,运用自洽方法和Eshelby夹杂理论,建立了一套预测SiCP/Al复合材料"晶面衍射弹性常数"的两相模型。运用该模型计算SiC相和Al相若干晶面的"晶面衍射弹性常数",并与实验测量值进行比对。结果显示,SiC相的{101}及{116}晶面和Al相的{222}晶面的模型计算值均与实验值高度吻合,偏差小于6%。其他晶面的弹性常数值与实验值的偏差均在15%之内。说明该理论模型具有较好的预测性,可靠性较高。通过这一理论预测模型来计算复合材料的"晶面衍射弹性常数"既能避免实验测量的繁琐,减少人力和物力资源浪费,又能得到难以通过实验测量获得的"晶面衍射弹性模量"。     

室温压缩AZ91镁合金显微组织及β-Mg17Al12相析出动力学

对常温压缩粗镁直接熔炼AZ91镁合金时效处理后的组织及β-Mg17Al12相析出动力学进行研究。结果表明:AZ91镁合金在常温压缩过程中出现大量的孪晶,为β-Mg17Al12相的析出提供了大量的形核基底;时效时β-Mg17Al12相优先在晶界、孪晶界析出,尤其易在孪晶与晶界、孪晶交接处析出并长大,且孪晶内析出的β-Mg17Al12相与α-Mg基体保持一定的位向关系;时效时间越长,析出的β-Mg17Al12相越多,温度越高,析出定量β-Mg17Al12相所需时间越短;结合实验数据,由JMAK方程计算得到AZ91镁合金析出β-Mg17Al12相激活能为23.8～37.9kJ/mol。     

Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金Ω相价电子结构与沉淀硬化能力的关系

基于固体与分子经验电子(Empirical electron theory of solids and molecules,EET)理论,计算了Ω相的价电子结构,分析了主键络的空间分布形态,研究了最强共价键与位错运动、共价电子密度与析出相强度、成键能力与析出相稳定性的关系.结果表明:Ω相共价主干键络呈三维"梅花"状分布,"花心"由Cu-Cu原子最强共价键连接;基体α最强共价键的键合力n1α 为0.20857,Ω相的n1Ω 为0.49056,基体{111}晶面上析出的Ω相使{111}晶面上位错滑移的阻力增加135.20％;从共价电子密度看,Ω相强度比S、θ'相的分别大2.67％和15.83％;从成键能力看,Ω相的稳定性比S和θ'相的分别大91.31％和291.92％;从共价电子结构看,{111}晶面析出的Ω相的沉淀硬化能力比{001}晶面析出的S、θ'相强.     

微量Mg强化γ′相的X射线研究

应用X射线衍射技术,采取超结构线(100)和基本线(200)积分强度对比的方法,探讨了Mg含量对Ni基GH220合金γ′相长程有序参数的影响。实验结果表明,微量Mg的加入能够明显提高γ′相的长程有序度和反相畴界能,因而有效地增加了γ′对位错运动的阻力。这应看做是Mg强化时效高温合金的一种重要机制。     

单晶镍基合金的层错能及其对蠕变机制的影响

通过对合金进行不同温度层错能的计算、蠕变性能测试及位错组态的衍衬分析,研究温度对单晶镍基合金层错能和蠕变机制的影响。结果表明:合金在760℃具有较低的层错能,其蠕变期间的变形机制是〈110〉超位错剪切进入γ′相,其中,切入γ′相的位错可分解形成(1/3)〈112〉位错+(SISF)层错的位错组态。随温度的提高,合金的层错能增大,合金在1070℃蠕变期间的变形机制是〈110〉螺、刃超位错剪切进入γ′相。在980℃,合金的层错能介于760~1070℃之间,蠕变期间的主要变形机制是〈110〉螺、刃超位错剪切进入γ′相,其中,剪切进入γ′相的螺位错由{111}面交滑移至{100}面,形成(1/2)〈110〉不全位错+反向畴界(APB)的K-W锁位错组态,这种具有面角非平面芯结构的K-W锁可抑制位错的交滑移,提高合金的蠕变抗力。其中,蠕变期间较低的应变速率仅释放较少的形变热,不足以激活K-W锁中的位错在{111}面滑移,是K-W锁在980℃得以保留的主要原因。     

二相粒子对低碳铝镇静钢织构演变规律的影响

通过单向拉伸实验检测力学性能,利用透射电镜观察化学成分不同的两种低碳铝镇静钢的析出相粒子,利用X射线衍射仪测量钢中各种织构的含量。经73%的压下率冷轧和700℃×4h退火处理,2#试样比1#试样屈服强度高28MPa,抗拉强度高19MPa,r值低0.24。结果表明:1#试样的{111}织构含量在冷轧、退火过程中都增加,Goss织构含量都减少,{100}织构含量冷轧后增加,退火后又明显减少;2#试样退火过程中析出大量Al2O3粒子抑制AlN粒子的析出,且其作为新的形核质点改变了形核机制,退火后Goss织构和{100}织构含量增加,而{111}织构含量减少,r值降低,不利于深冲性能;细小的Al2O3粒子的析出形成了细晶强化和沉淀强化,试样的屈服强度和抗拉强度都明显升高。     

Cu对Fe-NiAlMn合金析出强化过程的影响EI北大核心CSCD

将Fe-NiAlMn和Fe-CuNiAlMn合金在900℃固溶2 h后水淬,并在500℃时效不同时间。利用显微硬度测试和原子探针层析技术(APT)研究Cu的添加对Fe-NiAlMn合金析出强化过程的影响。结果表明:Cu的添加增强了时效初期的析出强化效果,加快了整个析出强化进程。时效过程中,Cu元素首先偏聚形核成为富Cu相,并促使Ni,Al,Mn元素在富Cu相与基体界面处偏聚形核形成Ni(Al,Mn)相,两相为核壳结构。随着时效时间的延长,富Cu相由BCC结构转变为FCC结构,与Ni(Al,Mn)相逐渐分离。     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to     

Win-Win Cooperation

正The Chinese Premier Li Keqiang's recent trip to the UK has reinforced the China-UK comprehensive strategic partnership;just as the British Prime Minister David Cameron put it,"the relationship is gaining in strength,depth and understanding"after a bucket of business deals being inked worth more than 30 billion US dollars.From the first agreement signing in 2004 to the new agreement of mutual standards recognition and adoption in     

Systematic Approach for Emerging Industry

正A national directory of standards complexes for strategic emerging sectors was recently developed and released jointly by 12governmental departments,namely,SAC,NDRC,MOST,MIIT,MEP,MOA,AQSIQ,State Forest Administration,State Administration of Science and Technology for National Defense,State Oceanic Administration and National Railway Administration.     

Strictest Pollutants Emission Standards

正Four new national standards on air pollutant emission control offi cially issued by the Ministry of Environment Protection(MEP)together with AQSIQ and SAC has been brought into force from July 1,2014.The Emission standard for air pollutants of coal-burning,oil-burning and gasfi red boilers,which is the strictest emission standard historically,will tackle the stubborn pollution problem of boilers and waste incineration in most of China’s regions.     

Instructions to Authors

New Carbon Materials is a bimonthly journal published with the permission of the Ministry of Science and Technology and of the State News and Publication Agency.The journal is sponsored by the Institute of Coal Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and is published by Science Press.Aims and Scope     

Progress on Standards Copyright Protection

正Recently,National Copyright Administration of China(NCAC)has rewarded 215 organizations and 179 individuals for their outstanding efforts on investigating standards copyright infringement and piracy in 2013.Hua Jianhua,the Deputy-Director of National Standards Copyright Protection Workgroup Office won a third prize of the national individual award.In 2012,SAC set up the national standards copyright protection working group,and developed policies to crack down standards infringement and piracy behaviors and to strengthen standards copyright protection.