芬顿氧化法深度处理亚麻生产废水

亚麻生产要进行煮炼脱胶处理,过程中产生的大量胶质,常规的生物处理不能有效去除.往往需要后续氧化处理.试验采用芬顿氧化法处理生物处理后的亚麻废水.该废水COD的质量浓度为1747 mg/L,色度为200倍,通过正交试验和单因素影响试验获得最佳控制条件为pH值为4.5.FeSO4投加量1 500mg/L,H2O2投加量1500mg/L,反应时间为1 h,在最佳条件下,COD去除率为57%,色度去除率达到90%以上.     

铁炭微电解吸附-Fenton氧化联合处理高浓度有机实验室废水的研究

采用铁炭微电解吸附-Fenton氧化、超声联合工艺处理高浓度有机实验室废水,研究了pH值、H2O2投加量、FeSO4投加量、反应时间等因素对COD去除率的影响。结果表明:铁炭微电解吸附体系在pH=5、Fe∶C体积比为1∶1、时间为3h条件下COD去除率为24%;再经Fenton氧化控制反应时间2h,在FeSO4投加量为6g/L、H2O2投加量为90mL/L、pH=3的处理条件下,废水COD总去除率达48.32%。     

臭氧-过氧化氢氧化预处理H酸废水

采用工业生产中排放的H酸废水作为研究对象,探讨了臭氧-H2O2氧化的预处理方法对该废水的处理效果。结果表明：在单独臭氧氧化反应体系中,初始CODCr的质量浓度为1 200 mg/L,pH值为7,臭氧氧化时间在20 min（通量为1 L/min）时,CODCr和色度去除率分别为36.7%和95%。单独H2O2氧化反应体系中,H2O2投加量为8 mL/L时,CODCr去除率为7.7%,H2O2投加量达到60 mL/L时,CODCr去除率最高仅达到25.6%。臭氧-H2O2联用体系中,相同初始CODCr浓度、pH值、臭氧氧化时间及臭氧通量条件下,质量分数为3%的H2O2溶液投加量为8 mL/L时,CODCr和色度去除率分别可达48.8%和98%。因此,臭氧-H2O2氧化的预处理方法对H酸废水降解效果良好,且明显优于单独臭氧氧化以及单独H2O2氧化。     

UV-Fenton催化氧化处理印染废水的实验研究

对采用UV-Fenton催化氧化反应处理印染废水的主要影响因素及其处理效果的影响进行了实验研究.主要考察了FeSO4·7H2O的投加量和H2O2的投加量、pH、反应时间、投加方式等对色度和COD去除率的影响.正交实验结果显示,UV-Fenton催化氧化反应对色度和COD都有较好的去除效果.在0.1 mol/L FeSO4·7H2O的投加量为1.5 mL,30%H2O2的投加量为2 mL,pH为3,反应时间为3 h,H2O2分三次投加的情况下,色度去除率达到90.4%,COD去除率达到86.2%.同时与Fenton反应和UV-H2O2反应处理方法进行了比较实验,结果表明,UV-Fenton处理效果最佳.     

用Fenton试剂处理丁苯橡胶废水

用Fenton试剂处理丁苯橡胶废水,考察了H2O2和FeSO4的用量、初始pH值、反应时间以及反应温度对废水化学需氧量(COD)去除率的影响。结果表明,适宜的处理条件为H2O2(以1 L废水计)8 mL、FeSO4质量浓度1.0 g/L、初始pH值3～10、反应时间30 min、反应温度40℃,在此条件下废水COD的去除率可超过55%。     

Fenton试剂处理阿奇霉素废水的研究

研究了用Fenton试剂处理阿奇霉素废水的影响因素及适宜工艺条件.试验表明,用Fenton试剂处理阿奇霉素废水的最佳实验条件:反应温度为25℃、pH为3.0、FeSO<,4>投加量为10 mL/L、H<,2>O<,2>投加量为30 mL/L、氧化时间为2.0 h.在此条件下,其对COD的平均去除率达51.09%.     

固体废弃物预处理中药制药废水的实验研究

采用固体废弃物(铁屑和炉渣)预处理中药制药废水,并以COD去除率和脱色率为指标考察其处理效果。考察了废水pH值、试剂投加量、反应时间等对COD去除率及脱色率的影响,确定了最适工艺条件。结果表明,在弱酸性条件下内电解处理效果较好;加入适量的H2O2可明显提高对COD和色度的去除效果;内电解处理后投加适量的石灰乳对废水的COD去除和脱色均有利。废水预处理的最适工艺条件为:常温下,废水的pH为5.0~6.5,铁屑加入量为60 g/L,炉渣加入量为100 g/L,H2O2加入量为20 mL/L,反应30 min后,加入石灰乳(16 mL/L)调节pH至9。在此条件下,废水COD去除率及脱色率可分别达到73%和96%以上,而且处理成本较低。     

Fenton高级氧化法深度处理焦化生化废水的实验研究

采用硫酸亚铁和过氧化氢所构成的Fenton试剂,对经生化处理后的焦化废水进行Fenton高级氧化深度处理,重点考察了废水初始pH,FeSO4·7H2O、H2O2及PAM投加量对焦化生化废水处理效果的影响。结果表明,采用Fenton高级氧化法可使经生化处理后的焦化废水中的COD、NH3-N和色度得到进一步有效去除。对于中等浓度的焦化生化废水,较适宜的Fenton氧化工艺条件:废水初始pH为8~10,FeSO4·7H2O投加量为500 mg/L,H2O2投加量为3.5 mL/L,PAM投加量为4.0 mg/L。在此条件下,COD、NH3-N和色度的去除率分别可达85.9%、97.3%和84.6%。     

微波协同活性炭和H_2O_2处理苯酚废水的研究

对微波协同H2O2和活性炭降解苯酚废水的研究。考察了活性炭用量、H2O2用量、微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间、pH和活性炭使用次数对苯酚降解效果的影响。结果表明：对于100 mg/L的苯酚废水来说,微波辐射功率为210 W,辐射时间为4 min,活性炭用量为1.0 g,H2O2用量为1.0 mL,pH为5时,苯酚去除率可达到93.56%。将该方法作用于实际废水中,苯酚的去除率也能达到89%以上。通过对比实验,发现微波、活性炭、H2O2对处理苯酚废水起协同作用。并用该方法处理1 m3的实际废水,大约需要3.64元。     

马铃薯淀粉废水的综合处理工艺研究

实验以H2O2/Fe2+为氧化剂,与改性膨润土处理马铃薯淀粉废水,并考察了不同浓度H2O2的加入量、FeSO4加入量、pH值、反应时间及膨润土的加入量对COD去除率和脱色率的影响。结果表明,在反应条件为10%H2O2投加量10mL/L,0.1mol/L FeSO4加入量20mL/L,改性膨润土的用量40g/L,pH=4.0,反应时间1h时,COD去除率和脱色率分别达90%和98%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。