多波束赋形在非正交多址接入技术中的应用研究

为解决非正交多址接入(NOMA)技术在毫米波Massive MIMO系统中用户的分组受限于基站波束宽度的问题,提出了一种能够产生指向多个方向的波束的波束赋形方案.基于该多波束波束赋形方案,建立了多小区多用户场景下的用户资源分配的数学模型.为降低计算的复杂性,采用两阶段的资源分配算法.在第一阶段中,在给定的功率分配条件下将模型转化为联盟博弈中联盟的生成问题,并提出一种通过迭代确定用户分组和天线单元分配的算法;在第二阶段中,通过将非凸的数学优化问题转化为DC规划问题,提出用户功率分配的算法.仿真结果表明,本文所提多波束波束赋形方案能够有效产生指向多个方向的波束,且所提资源分配算法能够有效提高系统的性能.     

无线网络中的功率域非正交多址接入技术

功率域非正交多址接入(Dower Domain Non-orthogonal Multiple Access,PD-NOMA)技术,作为未来无线通信系统中重要的多址接入技术之一,可满足系统高频谱效率、高连接密度及低时延等需求。相比正交多址接入技术(Orthogonal Multiple,OMA),PD-NOMA利用用户间信道差异、功率域复用及串行干扰消除算法,实现多用户同时共享时、频、码资源。为推动功率域非正交多址接入技术的学术研究与实际应用,梳理了其基本原理,并从信息论角度验证了其相比正交多址接入技术可获得更高的频谱效率。基于PD-NOMA的现存研究工作,分别归纳讨论了单天线PD-NOMA、多天线PD-NOMA、协作PD-NOMA、能效PD-NOMA、可见光通信中的PD-NOMA、认知PD-NOMA及PD-NOMA的性能优化等关键技术研究方向。针对上述方向,进一步剖析了其未来研究趋势,并分别从接收机设计、信令开销、物联网应用及标准化4个方面深入探讨PD-NOMA在实际应用中所面临的难题。最后指出PD-NOMA的基本理论研究已接近成熟,但多技术融合仍需深入研究以加快该技术成果转化,从而充分发挥其在未来无线网络中的高频谱效率优势。     

关于5G的非正交多址接入技术分析

5G技术创新将会出现在无线和网络两个层面,与传统方式不同的是,5G将不再以单一多址接入技术作为主要特征,其采用一组关键技术—非正交多址接入技术,内涵将更加宽泛。文章分析了当前5G研究中最热门的非正交多址接入技术、多用户共享接入技术和稀疏码多址接入技术3种非正交多址技术的本质思想,以及比较了它们各自的优势和存在的问题,并且在5G多址技术选取方面对3种非正交多址技术提出了选取依据。     

智能反射表面辅助的非正交多址接入系统用户分组、波束赋形与相移的优化

该文研究智能反射表面(IRS)辅助的多天线非正交多址接入(NOMA)网络中用户分组、发送波束赋形、相移等的联合优化问题。系统中1个分组分配1个波束并在组内进行连续干扰消除检测。该文提出一种不依赖于发送波束赋形和IRS相移的用户分组配对策略,将用户分组与其他优化分离,显著降低了优化问题求解的难度和计算复杂度。进一步,联合优化基站发送波束赋形、功率分配和IRS相移矩阵,最小化基站的总发送功率。原始优化问题是一个多变量相互耦合的非凸优化问题,利用松弛变量、连续凸逼近、半定松弛、交替迭代优化等方法将原问题转化为凸问题并求解。仿真结果显示,相较于1个用户1个波束的方案,所提方案在基站天线数较少时性能更优,而在天线数较多时也与该对比方案非常接近,但所提方案的优化计算复杂度更低。而对比采用不同分组算法、随机IRS相移方案、最大比发射方案,以及无IRS的方案,所提方案的性能始终更优。     

面向5G的非正交多址接入技术

为了满足未来5G在频谱效率和连接数等方面的需求,非正交多址接入技术日益受到产业界的重视.从多用户信息论的角度,首先,探讨非正交多址接入与正交多址的理论性能比较及其逼近多用户信道容量界的有效途径;其次,对功率域、星座域、码域3种非正交多址方案的设计原理、信号处理和性能增益进行了深入分析;最后,从网络运营的角度剖析了非正交多址接入技术的应用场景、对系统设计带来的影响和网络后向兼容性等问题.     

全双工主动窃听非正交多址接入系统智能超表面辅助物理层安全传输技术

针对全双工被动窃听和主动干扰攻击下的多用户非正交多址接入(NOMA)系统,该文提出一种智能超表面(RIS)辅助的鲁棒波束赋形方案以实现物理层安全通信。考虑在仅已知窃听者统计信道状态信息的条件下,以系统传输中断概率和保密中断概率作为约束,通过联合优化基站发射波束赋形、RIS相移矩阵、传输速率和冗余速率,来最大化系统的保密速率。为解决上述多变量耦合非凸优化问题,提出一种有效的交替优化算法得到联合优化问题的次优解。仿真结果表明,所提方案可实现较高的保密速率,且通过增加RIS反射单元数,系统保密性能更佳。     

基于非正交多址接入中继通信系统的功率优化

针对基于非正交多址接入(NOMA)技术的中继通信系统,在兼顾系统性能与计算复杂度的基础上,该文提出一种结合统计信道信息(S-CSI)和瞬时信道信息(I-CSI)的混合功率分配策略(H-PAS)来有效实现上述折中。仿真结果表明,NOMA方案在H-PAS策略下,一方面比单纯利用S-CSI时的传统正交多址接入技术具有更高的频谱效率;另一方面在和速率差别不大的情况下,又比单纯利用I-CSI时的NOMA方案具有更低的信令开销和计算复杂度。     

融合通用滤波多载波的非正交多址接入技术

典型的非正交多址接入技术（Non-orthogonal Multiple Access,NOMA）有稀疏码分（Sparse Code Multiple Access,SCMA）、多用户共享（Multi-user Shared Access,MUSA）、图样分割（Pattern Division Multiple Access,PDMA）等。为了研究这三种典型的NOMA技术与通用滤波多载波复用技术（Universal Filtered Multi-carrier,UFMC）技术结合后的性能,将三种典型的NOMA与UFMC结合,然后分析比较了它们的误码率性能,通过仿真对比得出UFMC-SCMA系统相比其他两种结合系统具有更好的系统性能。为了更进一步验证UFMC-SCMA系统的优点,还将其与热门的OFDM-SCMA系统进行对比。研究结果表明,由于UFMC-SCMA系统具有码本的稀疏性以及近似最优的信息传递算法（Message Passing Algorithm,MPA）检测方案,并采用子频带滤波,有效降低了误码率并提高了频谱效率,因而其具有较好的系统性能。     

非正交多址接入无线能量采集协作系统

近年,非正交多址接入(non-orthogonal multiple access,NOMA)技术作为一种应用于5G无线网络的多址接入技术,引起了人们的广泛关注。为了提高NOMA技术的频谱效率、覆盖范围和抗噪性能,并降低系统的能耗,设计了一种基于正交索引调制多址接入(quadrature index modulation multiple access,QIMMA)技术的无线携能(simultaneous wireless information and power transfer,SWIPT)协作网络上行NOMA传输系统,记为协作QIMMA-SWIPT。具体来说,多个远端用户组成一个QIMMA系统,然后通过协作中继的译码转发拓展系统的覆盖范围,并在中继端采用SWIPT技术以便信息在译码的同时进行能量的采集,降低系统的能耗。详细推导了QIMMA-SWIPT系统平均误码率的理论上界,并在频谱效率一定的情况下通过模拟仿真对比分析,得出协作QIMMA-SWIPT系统的误码率性能优于协作IMMA-SWIPT和SCMA-SWIPT系统的结论。此外,深入研究了功率切割因子和信源到中继的距离对系统误码性能的影响。     

基于OQAM-OFDM的NOMA通信系统设计

针对传统基于正交频分复用（OFDM）调制波形的非正交多址接入（NOMA）通信系统存在的旁瓣衰减较慢问题,提出了一种基于交错正交幅度调制的正交频分复用（OQAM-OFDM）波形的NOMA系统设计方案。所提设计方法通过在典型NOMA系统设计中加入OQAM预调制和滤波器组滤波等处理,有效加快旁瓣衰减,实现了较好的频域聚焦性能。仿真结果表明,提出的设计方法不仅有效提高了系统的频谱利用率,而且在抵抗多径干扰时误码率有所降低。虽然重点研究了通信下行链路,但是所得结论同样适用于上行链路。     

非正交多址技术中利用对称矩阵的用户分组

现有非正交多址接入技术中,用户分组算法的实现首先对信道相似度门限值进行判断,选出候选成组用户;进而对候选成组用户的信道增益差进行比较,选出最优的成组用户。然而,上述分步求解算法中信道相似度门限值的设置存在一定的随机性,导致候选成组用户的选取不准确,从而影响分组结果,限制系统性能的提升。针对上述问题,提出利用对称矩阵的用户分组算法,对用户信道相似度进行非线性变换,而后将用户信道相似度和增益差线性求和构建成新的信道信息矩阵,进一步利用该矩阵的对称性进行求解。仿真分析表明该方法分组结果比设置门限的传统方法更优,在不同用户数目时系统容量均得到提升。在传统方法门限值为0.95时,所提算法系统容量在用户数为16时提升了13.4 Mb/s。     

毫米波波束管理的设计与研究

毫米波是第五代移动通信系统的重要通信技术,因其频谱特性可以利用大带宽承载大量信息,有效提升系统的吞吐量。高频段毫米波传输具有高损耗性,且受环境影响较大,为了支持非视距和移动性,必须支持准确且实时的波束跟踪以确保信号传输质量。波束管理的目的是使得基站与终端之间发送与接收波束对准以提高链路的性能。文中根据3GPP协议规范设计了波束管理方案,包括以下几方面的内容:波束扫描、波束测量、波束上报、波束指示、波束失败恢复。     

衍射高斯波束分析方法

毫米波与亚毫米波在军事、民用方面都有广泛的用途.反射面分析通常采用几何光学法和物理光学法.本文首先对这2种方法进行了简单的比较分析,然后特别介绍了基于几何光学的衍射高斯波束分析方法,并在此基础上将其改进为可以分析三维系统的分析方法.并将其高效性、精确性与基于物理光学的商用软件进行对比验证.可以看出,三维衍射高斯波束分析方法是一种高效准确的分析设计三维准光网络的方法.     

面向5G的非正交多址接入技术

在频谱资源受限的情况下,非正交多址接入（non-orthogonal multiple access,NOMA）技术由于其良好的过载性能而受到广泛关注。首先,提出了基于复杂度受限的NOMA理论设计模型;接着,对目前主流的NOMA 技术方案进行了研究分析,并针对每种方案给出了其设计原理;进一步,设计了基于期望值传播（expectation propagation,EP）的低复杂度接收机;最后,通过仿真比较了 NOMA 与传统正交多址接入（orthogonal multiple access,OMA）技术的性能。结果表明,NOMA较传统的OMA技术能够显著提升系统容量和误码率（block error rate,BLER）性能。     

Exploiting cooperative diversity with non-orthogonal multiple access over slow fading channel

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has attracted a significant attention to the research community as a potential candidate for 5G or future radio access. This article presents a NOMA-based cooperative network where a transmitter considered as a base station communicates simultaneously with two users treating as a far user and a near user via the help of a half-duplex decode-and-forward relay. We investigate the outage probability and the outage capacity of the proposed network over independent Rayleigh slow fading channels. Closed-form expressions of the outage probabilities are derived for both users. Approximate outage capacity of the users are also investigated at high signal to noise ratio regime. It has been shown that the proposed cooperative NOMA can achieve superior performance compared to the non-cooperative NOMA in terms of outage probability. The tightness between the simulation and theoretical results confirms the efficiency of the proposed protocol.     

Joint beam selection and user association strategy for beam space millimetre wave downlink systems

Beam space multiple‐input multiple‐output (B‐MIMO) systems operating at mmWave frequency in downlink uses different beam selection techniques for reducing the required number of radio frequency chains without apparent performance loss. In this paper, a joint beam selection and user association scheme with the objective of sum rate maximization is proposed. The proposed work on beam selection is based on a norm and uncorrrelation based approach, which considers channel correlation among the users so as to avoid inter‐user interference. Two different methods for beam user association with one modelled as a balanced assignment problem based on average sum assignment method and the other method that associates an optimal beam to every user by considering their channel gain values are also proposed along with beam selection. The proposed beam assignment methods are less complex and efficient in finding a suitable beam to every user within the cell. Simulation results show that the proposed method accomplish comparable performance in terms of sum rate and energy efficiency with appreciably low computational complexity relative to the existing methods in a correlated environment.     

Millimeter‐wave signal generation and transmission to multiple radio access units by employing nonlinearity of the optical link

Fifth‐generation communication demands seamless multi–giga‐bit per second data transmission in its small‐sized ultradense cells. The congestion‐free millimeter‐wave spectrum is the best option to be utilized for high data rate transmission. Generation and transmission of millimeter‐wave signals in the electrical domain is challenging mainly owing to bandwidth limitation of electronic components. Therefore, optical generation and transmission of these high‐frequency signals are a feasible option. In this work, we propose all‐optical millimeter‐wave signal generation and transmission in a centralized radio‐over‐fiber architecture. The proposed architecture performs all the major optical signal processing tasks at the central unit by eliminating the requirement of light sources and local oscillators at the multiple radio access units. Therefore, a potentially simplified and cost‐effective solution for fifth‐generation mobile networks is demonstrated through simulation results. Nonlinearity of the Mach‐Zehnder modulator and of a highly nonlinear dispersion‐shifted fiber is exploited to generate coherent optical carriers from a single centralized laser source instead of several separate laser sources. The coherent optical carriers are used to perform remote heterodyne detection at the radio access units and at the central unit to generate millimeter‐wave signals. Each of the four radio access units receives data from the central unit at a rate of 512 Mbps over two subcarrier multiplexed signals. Each of the radio access unit transmits the uplink data received from the mobile units at a rate of 128 Mbps and centered at a frequency of 25 GHz. It has been demonstrated through simulations that the proposed system gives acceptable bit error rate results.     

Fusion of artificial intelligence and game theory for resource allocation in non-orthogonal multiple access-assisted device-to-device cooperative communication

Device-to-device (D2D) communication offers a low-cost paradigm where two devices in close proximity can communicate without needing a base station (BS). It significantly improves radio resource allocation, channel gain, communication latency, and energy efficiency and offers cooperative communication to enhance the weak user's network coverage. The cellular mobile users (CMUs) share the spectral resources (e.g., power, channel, and spectrum) with D2D mobile users (DMUs), improving spectral efficiency. However, the reuse of radio resources causes various interferences, such as intercell and intracell interference, that degrade the performance of overall D2D communication. To overcome the aforementioned issues, this paper presents a fusion of AI and coalition game for secure resource allocation in non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based cooperative D2D communication. Here, NOMA uses the successive interference cancellation (SIC) technique to reduce the severe impact of interference from the D2D systems. Further, we utilized a coalition game theoretic model that efficiently and securely allocates the resources between CMUs and DMUs. However, in the coalition game, all DMUs participate in obtaining resources from CMUs, which increases the computational overhead of the overall system. For that, we employ artificial intelligence (AI) classifiers that bifurcate the DMUs based on their channel quality parameters, such as reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and channel quality indicator (CQI). It only forwards the DMUs that have better channel quality parameters into the coalition game, thus reducing the computational overhead of the overall D2D communication. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated using various statistical metrics, for example, precision score, accuracy, recall, F1 score, overall sum rate, and secrecy capacity, where an accuracy of 99.38% is achieved while selecting DMUs for D2D communication.     

基于频域数据采样和时域信号同步的超宽带时间反转成像

提出一种基于频域数据取样和时域信号同步的超宽带（Ultrawideband,UWB）时间反转（Time-Reversal,TR）成像方法.单个发射机发射UWB脉冲信号到探测区域,时间反转镜（Time Reversal Mirror,TRM）的每个天线单元对散射信号进行细频和粗频数据采样,得到各自单元的频率-频率-多站数据矩阵（individual-FF-MDM）.把所有单元的该矩阵堆砌起来,形成一个全体单元的频率-频率-多站数据矩阵（full-FF-MDM）,并对full-FF-MDM进行奇异值分解（Singular Value Decomposition,SVD）,得到耦合了目标位置信息的左奇异值向量.将每一个左奇异值向量变换成时域脉冲回传辐射,则来自TRM各单元的回传辐射信号在相应目标处同时到达波形的最大值,而在非该目标处则不能同时达到最大值.于是,定义各单元的回传信号乘积作为目标成像函数,可获得良好的横向和纵向分辨率.