臭氧氧化法深度处理二沉池出水实验研究

某城市为降低污水处理厂二沉池出水COD质量浓度及色度,采用臭氧氧化法对其降解,并根据降解效果确定臭氧最佳投加量。实验结果表明:COD、BOD5、色度均随反应时间的增长而降低,臭氧氧化对COD、BOD5、色度的平均去除率分别为43.09%、61.64%、82.52%;臭氧氧化对氨氮的去除效果不明显,平均去除率仅为10.5%。最后根据实验结果确定出臭氧最佳投加量为15 g/m3。     

微米臭氧曝气深度处理工艺的最优曝气孔径研究

采用微米曝气对超滤膜出水通入臭氧进行深度处理,系统探讨了不同投加量(30、50、100、120 mg/L)及曝气孔径(5、10、20、30μm)对出水p H值以及COD、TOC、TN去除效果的影响。结果表明:在相同曝气孔径下,出水p H值随着臭氧投加量的增大而降低;当臭氧投加量为30mg/L时,出水p H值随着曝气孔径的增大而降低,而投加量≥50 mg/L时,出水p H值随曝气孔径的增大而升高。曝气孔径为30μm时对COD的去除效果相对最好,且该孔径下COD去除率随着臭氧投加量的增加而逐渐升高。臭氧对TOC的去除率小于对COD的去除率;曝气头孔径越小、臭氧投加量越大,对TOC的去除率越高。当臭氧投加量为120 mg/L时,对TOC的去除率为15.2%。臭氧对TN的去除率较其对COD和TOC的去除率低,TN去除率与臭氧投加量并没有明显的一致性规律。     

O3/BAC工艺深度处理某工业园区废水的效果

开展了规模为36 m3/d的中试研究,考察了不同臭氧投加量下臭氧/生物活性炭(O3/BAC)工艺深度处理某印染制革工业园区污水厂生化处理出水的效果,探讨了作用机理.当臭氧投量为25 mg/L时对COD、色度、TOC、UV254的去除效果最佳,去除率分别为17.4％、54.3％、14.7％和47.5％.在生物活性炭挂膜启动期间,系统对COD的去除率先下降后上升,32 d后稳定在50％左右.在生物活性炭稳定运行期间,系统进水COD和色度平均值分别为100 mg/L和112.5倍,出水值则分别降至50 mg/L和5倍,达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)中的一级B标准.臭氧将大分子的有机物降解成小分子有机物后被生物活性炭吸附和氧化,同时产生部分微生物胞外分泌物及其代谢产物,TOC和UV254在分子质量＜1 ku区间的比例分别由进水的60.7％和58.8％增加至出水的66.8％和65.7％.     

混凝联合O_3、O_3/UV深度处理焦化废水的研究

采用混凝联合O3、O3/UV深度处理焦化废水的生物处理出水。试验结果表明:当混凝剂Al2(SO4)3的投量为900 mg/L时,对TOC、COD、色度和UV254的去除率分别为23.2%、19.5%、33.6%和27.1%,相应的出水值分别为55.5 mg/L、196 mg/L、680倍和2.53 cm-1。混凝出水经O3/UV深度处理的效果优于单独O3氧化的,当臭氧投量为2.8 g/L、反应时间为80 min、UV照射强度为30 W时,对TOC、COD、色度和UV254的去除率分别达到91.8%、73.1%、96.1%和97.6%,相应的出水值分别为5.9 mg/L、60 mg/L、40倍和0.081 cm-1,出水COD浓度达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的一级标准,且大大提高了废水的可生化性。     

O_3+MBSF组合工艺深度处理污水厂二级出水

研究了"臭氧+普通/改性生物砂滤池"组合工艺对污水厂二级出水的处理效果。采用逐步增加臭氧投加量的方法来驯化生物砂滤池中的微生物,18 d后生物膜培养驯化成功。滤池稳定运行后,当臭氧投加量为3 mg/L、臭氧接触时间为15 min、水力负荷为4.5 m~3/(m~2·h)时,"臭氧+亲水改性生物砂滤池"、"臭氧+铁离子改性生物砂滤池"、"臭氧+疏水改性生物砂滤池"与"臭氧+普通生物砂滤池"四种组合工艺出水中NH_3-N平均浓度分别为0.98、1.33、2.54和2.25 mg/L,UV254平均值分别为0.075、0.076、0.073和0.079 cm-1,COD平均浓度分别为32.76、34.18、39.35和38.40 mg/L;臭氧预氧化对色度的平均去除率可达48%以上,四种组合工艺出水色度都维持在12.0倍以下,浊度均低于2.0 NTU。在低温6~12℃时,四种生物砂滤池对二级出水中NH3-N、UV254、COD、色度和浊度等常规污染物质的去除效果下降13%~20%。     

Fenton氧化/PAC吸附工艺深度处理焦化蒸氨废水

以焦化蒸氨废水经生物处理后的二沉池出水为处理对象,研究了Fenton氧化/粉末活性炭(PAC)吸附工艺对其深度处理效果及影响因素。结果表明,Fenton氧化/PAC吸附工艺对该废水的深度处理效果较好,在进水COD为298.8 mg/L、UV254为5.74 cm-1、色度为600倍的条件下,对COD和UV254的去除率可分别达到72.9%和88.8%,出水COD可降至81.38 mg/L,色度降至5倍,达到了《钢铁工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 13456—92)的一级标准。Fe2+/H2O2值、Fenton反应和PAC吸附时间、H2O2和PAC投加量、初始pH值、水温等对组合工艺的深度处理效果均有一定的影响。     

内循环流化床—臭氧催化氧化处理石化废水二级出水

采用内循环流化床-臭氧催化氧化工艺深度处理石化废水二级出水，通过单因素实验确定了该工艺的最佳运行条件，并在该条件下对臭氧催化氧化流化床与固定床工艺进行了效果对比。结果表明，流化床工艺能够更高效地降解石化废水中的有机物，在催化剂投加量为40 g/L、臭氧投加量为75 mg/（L·h）、反应时间为1 h的条件下，流化床工艺的TOC去除率为46.47%，臭氧利用率为68%，固定床工艺的TOC去除率为21.73%，臭氧利用率为39.8%；达到相同TOC去除效果时，流化床工艺所需催化剂投加量仅为固定床工艺的1/10。流化床催化剂1 h内可以吸附石化废水中30.23%的TOC，相同投量的固定床催化剂对TOC的吸附效果不明显。重复实验结果表明，臭氧催化氧化是流化床工艺去除污染物的主要途径。三维荧光光谱和UV254分析显示，相同条件下流化床工艺将臭氧转化为活性自由基的能力强于固定床工艺。内循环流化床-臭氧催化氧化工艺可大量减少催化剂使用量，提高臭氧利用率，降低废水处理成本，且效果稳定。     

强化混凝对微污染水源水消毒副产物的去除研究

通过对微污染水源水的强化混凝试验,研究不同的聚合氯化铝投加量对消毒副产物三卤甲烷生成势、UV254及TOC的影响。结果表明,增加聚铝投加量时三卤甲烷生成势呈现下降的趋势,当聚铝投加量为2.7mg/L时,三卤甲烷生成势的去除由原水的238.9μg/L降至114.5μg/L,去除率高达52.07%,四次试验的平均去除率达40%;投加不同聚铝量后UV254呈现下降的趋势,当聚铝投加量为2.7mg/L时,UV254由原水的0.070降至0.042,去除率达40%,且四次试验的平均去除率达到32.32%;投加不同聚铝量后TOC呈现下降的趋势,当聚铝投加量为2.7mg/L时,TOC的去除由原水的3.231mg/L降至1.226mg/L,去除率高达62.06%,四次试验的平均去除率达到48.48%。     

辛安水厂复合预氧化方式选择试验研究

针对辛安水厂原水水质问题,通过静态试验考察了不同预氧化方式对混凝沉淀工艺净化效果的影响。结果表明,先投加0.2 mg/L的高锰酸钾,再投加1.0 mg/L的臭氧,可以明显降低混凝沉淀出水中的浊度、UV254及UV254/TOC,相应的去除率分别为85.3%,75.8%和55.9%;为有效控制出水AOC含量,实际运行中可以考虑采用先投加0.4 mg/L的高锰酸钾,再投加0.5 mg/L的臭氧的预氧化方式。     

臭氧-生物活性炭与单独活性炭工艺处理效果比较

为有效去除水中有机物,明确是否应在活性炭前投加臭氧,比较了臭氧-生物活性炭（O3-BAC）和单独活性炭（GAC）过滤对CODMn、UV254和TOC的去除效果以及两套系统对提高水质生物稳定性的作用.研究发现,O3-BAC对CODMn、UV254和TOC的平均去除率比GAC分别高10.3%、11.1%、7.1%,对AOC的去除率＞80%,出水AOC浓度为25.9～46.4μg乙酸碳/L,属生物稳定性水质;单独GAC柱对AOC的去除率在40%左右,出水AOC浓度为85.8～117.6μg乙酸碳/L,有时不能满足水质生物稳定性的要求.可见在活性炭前投加臭氧,可以强化活性炭对有机物的去除作用,延长活性炭的使用周期,增强活性炭滤池的生物降解能力.     

O3/BAC工艺应用于城市污水深度处理

为使再生水适合不同用途,对经过混凝沉淀和砂滤处理的再生水进行了臭氧-生物活性炭的深度处理.在臭氧消耗量和反应时间分别为5 mg/L和10 min,BAC空床停留时间(EBCT)为10 min的条件下,臭氧-生物活性炭工艺对CODMn、DOC、UV254和色度平均去除率为32.4%、29.2%、48.6%和80.1%,出水CODMn、DOC、UV254和色度的平均值分别为3.3 mg/L、4.0mg/L、0.05 cm-1和2.0倍;臭氧生物活性炭工艺出水SDI《4,从而满足了反渗透系统的进水要求.     

臭氧生物活性炭深度处理黄浦江上游原水

对黄浦江上游原水进行臭氧生物活性炭中试研究表明：在臭氧有效投量为2．0mg／L、臭氧接触塔和活性炭柱停留时间均为11min的条件下，臭氧生物活性炭工艺对水中CODMn和UV254的平均去除率分别为29．95％和48．83％，出水CODMn和UV254值分别为2．96mg／L和0．053cm^-1；为保证炭柱出水氨氮浓度≤0．5mg／L，建议控制炭柱进水氨氮浓度≤1．5mg／L；水温、进水浓度、炭柱停留时间以及臭氧投量对污染物去除效果均有一定的影响。     

滦河源水的深度处理技术研究

针对滦河源水水质，在常规处理的基础上分别进行了生物活性炭和臭氧生物活性炭两种深度处理工艺的对比试验。结果表明，普通生物活性炭和臭氧生物活性炭两种深度处理工艺均能有效改善常规工艺的出水水质，经过色质联机检验，水中各类微量有机物的种类和含量均有了显著降低。相比较而言，臭氧生物活性炭对有机物具有更高的去除率，对氨氮的平均去除率为58．3％，对CODMn的平均去除率为58％，对UV254的平均去除率为62．3％，对TOC的平均去除率为51．6％，对分子质量为1～5ku有机物的去除率〉60％，对分子质量〈1ku和分子质量〉5ku的有机物去除率〉30％。     

Mineralization of some natural refractory organic compounds by biodegradation and ozonation

The objective of this study was to explore the extent of mineralization, reduction in color and reduction of COD of gallic acid, tannin and lignin by ozonation and a combination of aerobic biodegradation and ozonation. Ozonation of pure aliquots (phase I experiments) resulted in the decline in TOC, COD, COD/TOC ratio, UV absorbance at 280 nm and color of the three model compounds investigated, with COD removals of greater than 80% and high removals (>90%) of UV absorbance at 280 nm and color observed in all cases at an ozone dose of 6 mg ozone/mg initial TOC or higher. Aerobic biodegradation of pure gallic acid, tannin and lignin aliquots resulted in COD decline of approximately 36-38%. Subsequent ozonation (phase II experiments) resulted in further decline in TOC, COD, COD/TOC ratio, and increase in UV absorbance at 280 nm and color removals. COD and TOC removals comparable to phase I experiments were obtained with 30-40% lower ozone absorption in phase II experiments. The biodegradation step was quite effective in removing specific UV absorbance at 280 nm, with up to 75% removal observed. Subsequent ozonation increased overall specific UV absorbance at 280 nm to greater than 90%.     

管道混凝/超滤工艺深度处理回用水的中试研究

采用管道混凝/超滤组合工艺深度处理回用水,考察了其处理效能及影响因素.结果表明,在相同条件下FeCl_3的混凝效果优于PAC的;组合工艺对COD_(Mn)和UV_(254)的去除率均随混凝剂FeCl_3的投量及混凝时间的增加而增大;组合工艺深度处理回用水的最佳工况:膜通量为64L/(m~2·h)、混凝剂FeCl3投量为7 mg/L、混凝时间为100 S,此时对浊度、COD_(Mn)和UV_(254)的去除率分别可达84.1%、28.6%和52.4%.     

Ozonation of naphthalene sulfonic acids in aqueous solutions. Part I: elimination of COD, TOC and increase of their biodegradability

Ozonation of 11 naphthalene sulfonic acids (NSA) in the aqueous solution was studied by bubbling at 31 degrees C at an ozone dose rate of 5.56 mg min(-1) l(-1). COD, TOC and BOD5 of these compounds were tested. It was found that COD and TOC can be removed effectively by ozonation as expected. More than 40% COD of compounds No. I (2-amino-1-NSA), No. 5 (1-hydroxy-7-amino-5-NSA), No. 6 (6-hydroxy-1-NSA), No. 8 (6-amino-1,4-naphthalene disulfonic acid) and No. 11 (I -hydroxy-6-amino-3-NSA) has been eliminated at an ozone dosage of 5.56 mg min(-1) l(-1) for 2 h. Although TOC removal was very different, a good biodegradability was reached for NSAs with an average ozone consumption of 3.0 mgl(-1) for a TOC0 concentration of 100 mg(-1). Ozonation and biotreatment should be good alternatives for these compounds, especially after 20% TOC reduction and TOC removal were more sensitive in predicting an increase in biodegradability during ozonation, than that of COD. NSAs are similar in their behavior with reference to ozone consumption. In order to obtain a good biodegradability of NSAs at a TOC0 concentration of 100 mgl(-1), an ozone consumption between 2.0 and 4.0 mg mg(-1) ACOD is needed for this setup and 3.0 mg O3 mg(-1) TOC0 requirement may be more practical in predicting the biological behavior of naphthalene compounds.     

Fenton试剂对垃圾渗滤液中有机物的去除特性研究

采用Fenton试剂处理垃圾渗滤液,在最佳试验条件下,考察了Fenton试剂对渗滤液中不同表观分子质量和不同种类有机物的去除效果。结果表明,Fenton试剂对表观分子质量〉2ku的COD和表观分子质量〉4ku的UV254的去除效果较好,去除率分别大于60％和80％。Fenton试剂对富里酸（FA）的去除率为85％,对腐殖酸（HA）的去除率为68．4％,对亲水性有机物（HyI）的去除率为36．5％。     

Fe-H2O2深度处理造纸中段废水的研究

为解决零价铁法处理废水时效率偏低的问题,采用Fe-H2O2法对造纸中段废水的二级处理出水进行了深度处理,分别考察了pH值、反应时间、铁炭比、曝气量和H2O2投量对色度和COD去除率的影响.结果表明：在pH值为3.5、铁炭比（体积比）为1.2、曝气量为1.4 L/min、铁屑粒径为60～80目、H2O2投量为40～60 mg/L的最优条件下,当处理时间控制在35 min时,对色度和COD的去除率可分别达到98%和77%左右,出水可回用.     

Effect of photochemical treatment on the biocompatibility of a commercial nonionic surfactant used in the textile industry

The degradability of surfactants is a frequent and complex issue arising both at domestic as well as industrial treatment facilities. The present paper describes a laboratory study conducted to elucidate the photochemical and biochemical treatability of a nonionic, alkyl polyethylene ether-based surfactant formulation commonly used in the textile preparation stage. The application of H(2)O(2)/UV-C advanced photochemical oxidation appeared to be a suitable treatment alternative and 90% COD removal (COD(0) approximately 500 mg/L) could be achieved under optimized process conditions. A significant COD removal efficiency (74%) could also be reached after biodegradation (final COD=135 mg/L) of the surfactant; however, necessitated an acclimation period of at least 6 weeks for the achievement of steady-state conditions. H(2)O(2)/UV-C treatment efficiency was seriously retarded upon elevation of the initial COD to around 1000 mg/L, resulting in 46% COD and 38% TOC removal after 120 min photochemical oxidation (H(2)O(2,0)=1020 mg/L; pH(0)=9.1). The BOD(5)/COD ratio increased from 0.23 to 0.31 after the application of H(2)O(2)/UV-C revealing that photochemical pretreatment may have a positive effect on the ultimate biodegradation of the nonionic surfactant. Although the time required for activated sludge treatment to reach steady-state conditions could be reduced to 3 weeks for the photochemically pretreated surfactant formulation biochemical COD removal efficiency dramatically decreased from 74% to 39% for the nonionic surfactant being subjected to H(2)O(2)/UV-C pretreatment (ultimate COD after activated sludge treatment=265 mg/L).