乳胶漆贮存增稠现象研究

本文介绍了研究乳胶漆贮存增稠现象的实验方法。讨论了颜填料粒子分散程度，分散剂的用量和种类增稠剂，杂质离子，贮存温度，以及乳液的化学稳定性和其他因素对乳胶漆贮存增稠现象的影响。     

缔合增稠剂的制法及影响增稠效果的因素

缔合增稠剂是近年来出现的一种新型增稠剂，因其在水溶液中具有类似表面活性剂的性质以及其独特的增稠作用机理，使其表现出特殊的性质与行为。文中对缔合增稠剂的作用机理、制备方法进行了系统的阐述，着重介绍了影响缔合增稠剂的增稠效果以及缔合增稠剂与水性涂料中其他组分的相互作用，并指出了缔合增稠剂的发展方向。     

聚氨酯缔合型增稠剂的合成及其应用性能研究

介绍了两款聚氨酯缔合型增稠剂(HEUR)的制备方法,包括一款假塑型增稠剂(增稠剂-万华A)和一款牛顿型增稠剂(增稠剂-万华B),并在乳胶漆配方中考察了这两种增稠剂的增稠性能、配方稳定性、色浆稳定性及展色性;并考察了自制增稠剂B的增稠效率及其在水性木器涂料中的应用。研究表明:合成的自制增稠剂A具有优异的增稠剂效率、良好的配方稳定性、色浆稳定性及展色性。自制增稠剂B具有高效的高剪切增稠效率,在水性木器涂料中性能表现优异,性能良好。     

涂料印花用合成增稠剂概述

增稠剂是在涂料印花加工中用来调解色浆稠度,提高涂料印花织物的得色量和印刷效果的一种重要助剂。可分为非离子型和阴离子型。非离子型增稠剂对耐电解质适应性广,但增稠能力较低,并只能用于少火油色浆,而阴离子型增稠剂,增稠能力强,可用于无火油全水相的涂料色浆。本文对阴离子型     

聚合条件对聚丙烯酸乳胶增稠性影响的研究

用反相乳液聚合方法制备了增稠性好的聚丙烯酸乳胶。研究了引发剂、交联剂、单体浓度、水相ｐＨ、聚合温度和油－水相重量比对聚丙烯酸乳胶增稠性影响。试验结果表明，通过控制水相ｐＨ和引入非离了型亲水单体（如丙烯酰胺）可制得耐电解质性能好的聚丙烯酸增稠剂。     

缔合型聚氨酯增调剂在乳胶涂料中的应用

缔合型聚氨酯增稠剂的许多性能优于其他增稠剂。介绍了该类增稠剂的分子结构、增稠机理和添加方法。讨论了影响聚氨酯增稠剂增稠性的因素。     

浅谈乳胶漆的流变性

本文根据施工应用中，乳胶漆必须具备的流变性能要求，探讨了采用不同流变改性剂（增调剂）的调节作用，以达到乳胶漆在施工各阶段处在是最佳粘度范围，保证涂层装饰效果。同时，对不同流变改性剂的增稠机理进行了初步探索。     

水性涂料中无机增稠剂的应用及研究

涂料助剂在涂料中的用量很少，但能屁著提高涂料性能，已成为涂料不可缺少的组成部分。水性涂料常用的助剂有成膜助剂、增稠剂、分散剂、润湿剂、消泡剂、增塑剂、防霉杀菌剂等。增稠剂是一种流变助剂，不仅可以使涂料增稠，防止施工中出现流挂现象，而且能赋予涂料优异的机械性能和贮存稳定性。对于黏度较低的水性涂料来说，是非常重要的一类助剂。     

无皂乳液聚合Jr—2增稠剂的研制

本文介绍了用无皂液聚合方式合成的一种新型、高效水性涂料增稠剂Ｊｒ－２增稠剂。着重研究了引发剂加量、反应体系浓度、ｐＨ值等对无皂乳液聚合的影响，考查了Ｊｒ－２增稠剂对苯丙乳胶涂料的增稠效果，该增稠剂已通过小试，中试并已形成工业化产品。     

PU缔合增稠剂的合成、性质及其应用

论述了PU缔合增稠剂的合成、性质及其应用方法.同时对乳胶涂料中粒子相增稠与水相增稠之间的相互协调作用进行了考察.     

Steady-state operation of a compressor for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system

The performance of a system consisting of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell coupled to a centrifugal air compressor is simulated. Two modes of operation of the system are investigated: one in which the speed of the compressor is constant, and the other in which the compressor speed is varied with the electric load on the fuel cell stack. The operating characteristics of the compressor and the PEM fuel cell stack and their influence on the system efficiency are analyzed for a step change in the stack current. The effects of the fuel cell stack back-pressure and the electric load on the compressor power consumption and the system efficiency are studied. It is found that the system efficiency is higher when the fuel cell stack is operated at a constant oxygen gas stoichiometry by varying the compressor speed instead of at a constant compressor speed. The system model can be used to determine the rotation speed of the compressor for various electric loads.     

一种新型太阳能溶液预处理电渗析再生系统

太阳能溶液除湿空调系统是一种具有较大节能潜力的新型空调系统。然而,太阳能热再生系统严重依赖于环境工况,在高温或高湿的气候条件下其再生后得到的除湿溶液将不能满足除湿的需求。提出一种用于溶液除湿空调系统的新型太阳能溶液预处理电渗析再生系统,分析了该系统的工作原理,建立了该系统的耗能模型,并与传统太阳能热再生系统进行了对比研究。研究结果表明,太阳能溶液预处理电渗析再生系统具有较高的节能潜力。     

MSF Desalination plants. Availability,reliability and safety analysis

While good MSF desalination plant performance exerts a positive influence on plant economics, as part of water supply systems in isolated regions, the availability of the desalination system becomes a major design criteria. Reliability problems have historically been a major cause of poor performance for desalination plants. The emphasis of this paper is on the importance of availability modeling methodology to MSF desalination plant reliability problems by providing a context in which the effect of unit unavailability can be quantified.An assessment is made of failures and outages which impact the availability of MSF desalination plants. Limited fault tree logic for system failures is developed and reliability data from the literature is incorporated, where possible. The impact of other water supply system failures on the reliability requirements of the desalination plant is quantified as are the effects of increased average water system demands.The single largest influence on the effective capacity of a water supply system based on MSF desalination of sea water is found to be the availability and maintainability of the desalination plant. Forced outages as a result of equipment failure are significant, but other dominant contributions to unit unavailability include externally caused problems, such as silting. The design configuration of the desalination plant is also found to have an impact on the acceptability of water supply system performance.     

Review on Progressive Freeze Concentration Designs

Progressive freeze concentration (PFC) is a process where only a large single ice crystal is formed in the system and grown on the cooling surface so that the separation between the ice crystal and the mother solution is very easy. This makes the system very simple and leads to a lower cost. The conventional setup of PFC produces ice with high purity but lower productivity than suspension freeze concentration (SFC). The volume of ice produced is also usually low. Hence, continued areas of the development for PFC system include the quest for improved productivity and better efficiency. Different kinds of design have been investigated, which are easy to operate and cost-effective besides the ability to obtain high quality of product and better efficiency of the system. The PFC system is recognized as a good alternative if high-quality products can be produced with higher productivity. In this article, previous researches on PFC designs were reviewed for the purpose of providing an understanding on methods of designing a PFC system and also to provide references for future application of PFC.     

竖炉焙烧过程METSIM动态模拟

竖炉焙烧是我国赤铁矿选矿工业中常见的工艺环节。其关键工艺指标是磁选管回收率, 反映了矿石焙烧的质量。但磁选管回收率无法在线实时测量。在实际生产中, 对竖炉焙烧磁选管回收率的控制一般通过运行优化控制实现。而运行优化控制策略的设计需要进行大量工业现场实验, 建立磁选管回收率相对于主要控制变量的动态响应关系, 这样做的成本高, 风险大。为了解决这一问题, 基于冶金模拟软件METSIM设计了竖炉焙烧工艺动态模型, 并采用与实际一致的过程控制软硬件系统建立了竖炉过程半实物仿真系统。通过仿真实验获得磁选管回收率与燃烧时温度设定值之间的动态关系, 并与实际数据进行了比较验证。表明该平台能够作为运行优化控制方法设计的实验和测试工具。     

复杂系统故障诊断中一种多黑板问题求解模型的实现

针对化工过程故障诊断问题的复杂性,在催化裂化故障诊断专家系统开发工具的设计过程中,提出一种多黑板问题求解模型。对系统中知识体的描述进行分析,给出基于该模型的系统结构,对系统的具体实现进行讨论,并对其调度算法进行研究。结果证明,该体系结构是专家系统在解决各种复杂问题时的一种良好的问题求解途径。     

线性分类-重构网及其在化工过程早期故障诊断中的应用

提出了一种以线性递推学习为基础的分类-重构神经网络。网络具有学习算法简单、速度快、学习与分类并行,以及可自动积累知识等基本功能,尤其适用于生产过程的早期故障诊断一类实时系统。给出了化工过程早期故障诊断的应用实例,研究结果证明了网络的有效性。     

FCCU反再系统异常工况的安全分析

石油化工行业因生产规模大、生产工艺复杂、原料多易燃易爆,所以具有高危险性。对石化行业进行安全分析是保证安全生产的重要途径。基于石油催化裂化(FCCU)反再系统动态模型实现了再生催化剂失活、再生器稀相尾燃、反应器催化剂跑损3种异常工况的动态模拟。将工商管理模式的及时生产方式(just-in-time,JIT)应用于反再系统的安全分析,建立了上述4种异常工况的简化模型,实现了异常工况的及时识别。该方法能够有效地辨识不同状态下过程的运行规律,具有一定的可行性和优势,可以为实际生产安全提供准确、可靠的指导。将JIT理论用于动态过程的非线性分析,希望为动态系统的辨识提供一种新思路。     

Economic assessment of a distributed energy system in a new residential area with existing grid coverage in China

A distributed energy system refers to an energy system where energy production is close to end use, typically relying on various small-scale energy generation, conversion and storage technologies. The Chinese government has recently expressed interest in promoting this type of energy system. The paper develops an optimization model to evaluate the economic feasibility of adopting a distributed energy system in a new residential community in Beijing, where grid coverage is already well developed and accessible. The economic implications of adopting different grid connection regimes are also assessed.Results show that compared to the more conventional approach of relying entirely on the grid for electricity supplies, a distributed energy system is cheaper when a connection to the power grid can still be used to draw some electricity during periods of peak demand. Additionally, the economic benefits of electricity buy-back provisions for the distributed energy system are found to be minimal.     

捣固机设计方案综合评价方法研究

根据层次分析法建立捣固机设计方案的综合评价指标体系,依此计算出各评价指标的权重,从而得出一种方案中各子指标相对重要程度的权值排序.多种设计方案的优化排序则是通过灰色系统理论来完成的.捣固机设计方案是一个集技术、经济、社会等多方面为一体的复杂的、多层次且信息不够完全的综合系统,将层次分析法与灰色系统理论有机结合起来进行综合评价,确定出最优方案,是一种简便易行的新方法.