超声波在水处理中的应用

超声波技术作为一种新的污染治理技术正在日益受到人们的重视,它具有操作简单方便,降解速度快等优点,其在强化污水污泥及有毒有害和难降解有机废水处理等方面已显示出巨大潜力。本文对近年来的超声波技术在工业水处理中的应用作了综述。     

我国超声波处理污泥技术的研究进展

针对我国污水处理厂日趋增多,污泥产量大,处理费用高,污泥处置存在很多问题,阐述了污泥减量化的重要性.超声波处理污泥技术具有污泥减量效果好而且无污染的特点,同时对提高污泥活性,促进污泥消化、脱水以及用于处理污泥的联合效应中也有很好的效果,同时提出了超声波技术处理污泥存在的问题.     

超声降解有机废水理论学说及探讨

超声波具有低能耗、无污染或少污染等特点,对难降解有机物废水处理有潜在效果,本文通过对超声波降解技术原理、影响因素和反应器的介绍提供了一种有机废水处理新思路。     

废水处理过程中污泥减量技术及机理研究进展

针对废水处理过程中污泥的有效减量化问题,介绍对比了目前国内外污泥处置技术及其运行成本,对已有4项污泥减量技术机理及其研究现状分别进行了归纳与总结,并就目前污泥减量工程应用实例中存在的技术难点进行了总结分析。对废水处理过程中污泥减量技术未来的研究方向给予了展望,建议对基于微生物代谢的污泥减量机理进行全面的综合生命周期评估,通过评估这些污泥减量机理的可持续性,实现污水处理厂的总体可持续发展战略;重点发展原位污泥减量技术,通过微调SRT、HRT及温度等操作条件,达到污染物去除与污泥减量之间运行条件的平衡;加强对微生物代谢途径的研究,以验证采用该途径实现污泥减量化的小试、中试结果。     

12 000m3/d煤制油废水处理及回用项目一期工程设计探讨和实践

简评了煤制油废水的最新处理技术,对某100万t/a煤制油项目废水处理一期工程进行了设计。该项目的难点在于进水来源多、水质水量各异,化学需氧量(COD)和氨氮质量浓度高,含难降解有机物。详细介绍了主要思路、工艺流程和污水污泥处理单元设计情况,最后进行了处理成本分析。     

城镇污水处理厂污泥在化工废水处理中的应用研究

城市污水处理厂是当今社会不可或缺的基础工程,污水厂在处理污水的同时产生了大量剩余污泥,剩余污泥仍需要进行深度处理。化学工业是我国国民经济的重要基础产业之一,同时化工产业又是一个容易产生污染、污染难处理的产业部门。化工废水在生化运行过程中需要添加大量的C源、N源等营养物质,否则废水会碳氮比失衡,微生物无法正常生长。本文主要研究了将城市污水厂剩余污泥应用于化工废水处理中实验效果,结果表明,城市污水处理厂剩余污泥在被微生物消耗过程中会与化工废水中难生化的有机物形成共代谢,实现废水的达标排放。实验过程主要考察了污泥投加量与废水COD去除率之间的关系,剩余污泥在厌氧及好氧中的应用效果。     

改良厌氧-生物接触氧化处理纺织印染废水

采用改良的水解酸化－生物接触氧化工艺处理纺织印染废水。采取了预曝气，污泥回流和分级沉淀等措施，CODcr去除率约为95％，脱色效果可达到97％，最终出水水质达到广州市污水一级排放标准的要求。运行结果表明：该工艺具有剩余污泥少，耐冲击负荷能力强，难降解有机物去除效率高等优点，在纺织印染废水处理中具有实用性。     

铝箔磷酸系化成废水处理污泥危险特性及鉴别要点

针对《国家危险废物名录》(2021年版)实施后铝箔非硼酸系化成废水处理污泥的危险特性不明、处置难等问题,以国内某典型电容器用铝箔生产企业的磷酸系化成废水处理污泥为研究对象,通过采集8个样品进行元素种类和相关危险特性测试,得出铝箔磷酸系化成废水处理污泥不具有危险废物鉴别标准规定的危险特性的结论,并提出污泥类固体废物危险特性鉴别需关注的要点.该结论有助于磷酸系化成废水处理污泥的危险特性判断和环境监管,也为污泥类固体废物危险特性的鉴别工作提供技术指导.     

用超声波法减少污水中污泥量

德国弗朗霍大陶瓷技术与烧结材料研究所（Ｆｒａ＿ｕｎｈｏｆｅｒＩｎｓｔｉｆｕｔｅｆｏｒＣｅｒａｍｉｃＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓ，ｃｒｎｄｓｉｎｔｅｒｅｄ，ＩＫＴＳ）已研究成功一种技术 ,利用超声波将污水污泥的体积和质量减少约２０ % ,同时增加沼气产率２０ %～２５ %。一套试验装置已在德国代特莫尔德（Ｄｅｔ-ｍｏｌｄ）处理３５０００人的生活污水和工业废水的污水处理厂运行一年多。污泥连续送入一超声波反应器 ,反应器有７个超声发射极（Ｓｏｎｏｔｒａｔｅ） ,每一发射极产生２０ｋＨｚ至１２ｋＨｚ频率的超声波。超声波使…     

好氧颗粒污泥的驯化工艺及调试要素

通过微生物的自凝聚作用形成不易发生污泥膨胀,抗冲击能力强的颗粒状活性污泥,所以,在生化处理生活污水和工业污水时被广泛应用。以神华宁夏煤业集团6万t/a聚甲醛厂的废水处理装置为例,介绍了好氧工艺处理阶段好氧颗粒污泥的驯化工艺及调试要素。     

THE LOADS OF PAHS IN WASTEWATER AND SEWAGE SLUDGE OF MUNICIPAL TREATMENT PLANT

Abstract

Sewage and sewage sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant were analyzed for 16 EPA-PAHs. This plant is a classic mechanical-biological treatment plant, consisting of activated sludge technology with additional chemical treatment for the removal of phosphorus compounds. The process of sewage sludge treatment is carried out in closed as well as open sludge digesters. Primary and mechanically thickened sludge are passed through the fermentation process. Digested sludge is dewatered on filter-press through addition of flocculent. The measurements were obtained to investigate the effect of different treatment stages on PAH content in wastewater and sewage sludge. The following wastewater samples were collected: crude ones and those after sand trap, primary sedimentation, biological treatment and secondary sedimentation. Sewage sludge samples were collected from: primary sludge, digested sludge and dewatered sludge. PAH load in influent, mechanically and biologically treated sewage, as well as in raw digested and dewatered sludge, were calculated. PAHs were extracted from wastewater and sludge samples, with cyclohexane, dichloromethane using an ultrasonic method. Gas chromatograph equipped with mass spectrometry was used for qualitative and quantitative determination of PAHs. Mechanical and biological treatment proved the removal of 83–85% of PAHs from the influent. Despite this its daily PAH load introduced into the environment was high and reached 27–37% of PAH load in influent. In sewage sludge it was 46–70 g/d of PAHs (carcinogenic PAHs content 4–12%). In waste sludge (filter pressed sludge and sand from detrirer) PAH total load reached 42–68 g/d with (10–17% of carcinogenic PAHs).     

污泥制备活性炭吸附剂及其在环境保护中的应用

简要介绍了污泥的组成及性质,阐述了污泥制备活性炭吸附剂的方法与进展,综述了污泥制备活性炭吸附剂在环境保护中的应用,指出了污泥制备活性炭吸附剂过程中应深入和注意的问题。     

Jahreszeitliche Schwankungen in der Zusammensetzung von Klärschlamm bei der Betrachtung eines Klärwerks

By evaluating sewage sludge analysis data from a large German sewage treatment plant (>1 million population equivalents), seasonal fluctuations in the composition of the sewage sludge could be identified. These fluctuations include a periodic decrease in carbon content and an increase in ash content in the middle of the year. Various wastewater and sludge treatment processes as well as climatic influences could be identified as causes for this trend. The investigation of the contents of various heavy metals and trace elements in the sewage sludge also showed partly strong fluctuations in the course of the year, which can have an influence on the utilization possibilities of the sewage sludge.     

剩余污泥微波热解技术研究进展

剩余污泥的产量大,处理处置费用高,已成为困扰污水处理厂的难题。在惰性条件下热解剩余污泥生成生物油、生物气以及污泥生物炭等产物,可实现能量和资源的同步回收,应用前景极为广阔。本文总结了目前对于污泥特性、热解温度、升温速率、微波吸收剂、化学添加剂、载气对剩余污泥微波热解的影响的研究,并探讨了污泥热解机制,为微波热解剩余污泥提供了关键技术的参数,利于提高污泥热解效率,优化热解产物品质,为促进污泥微波热解系统化、产业化提供技术支持。同时指出了污泥微波热解受限于微波热解设备,致使其处理投资成本高及处理量小,为污泥微波热解工业化提出了巨大的挑战。最后展望了污泥微波热解的发展趋势及应注重攻克的关键问题。     

Sewage Sludge Electro-Dewatering Treatment—A Review

Purification of municipal wastewater generates huge amounts of sewage sludge, which contains large quantities of water, biomass, and extracellular polymeric substances. It is widely known that sewage sludge usually has a poor dewaterability. A large amount of water in sludge directly translates into high transport and handling costs; therefore, sludge treatment and disposal usually requires over 50% of the operation budget for wastewater treatment plants. The application of a low electric field through the sludge segment, called electro-dewatering, is considered to improve the liquid–solid separation, resulting in low water content in the sludge cake. However, prediction of dewatering enhancement for sewage sludge, in particular, offers a challenge due to variations in sludge pretreatment practices and the lack of harmonized testing methodologies. In this review article, the aspects that have an effect on sewage sludge electro-dewatering and its feasibility are discussed in the light of recent technological developments. It was found that electro-dewatering has several potential benefits, such as removal of pathogens, reduction in energy and transportation costs, and prevention of filter fouling.     

不同种泥对IC反应器处理大豆蛋白废水启动的影响

采用3套相同的生产性IC反应器,1号反应器以处理屠宰废水的颗粒污泥接种,2号、3号反应器以处理大豆蛋白废水的厌氧污泥和城市污水处理厂的消化污泥混合以后接种,研究了不同种泥对IC反应器处理大豆蛋白废水启动的影响。结果表明,采用颗粒污泥接种的IC反应器能很快适应不同类型的废水,在短时期内能承受较高的容积负荷,达到较高的COD去除率,并在较短时间内形成连续的内循环。而用絮状泥接种的IC反应器在启动过程中系统运行不稳定,易发生污泥流失。     

Non-steady state estimation of biodegradability of dyeing wastewater using respirometer

Dyeing wastewater is notorious for its non-readily-biodegradability because it contains various kinds of refractory chemicals. To set up a strategy for controlling the dyeing wastewater discharged into conventional wastewater treatment plants, obtaining bio-kinetic information such as maximum specific growth rate (μ _max ) and half saturation constant (K _s ) should first be done. To estimate the biodegradability of the dyeing wastewater, bio-kinetic constants of the artificially formulated dyeing wastewater containing 33 different dyes and auxiliaries were determined by using a respirometer. Activated sludge acclimated to the artificial dyeing wastewater was inoculated to the respirometer and the bio-kinetic constants were determined from oxygen uptake data. The μ _max was found to 0.06 hr⁻¹, which is 3 to 15 times smaller than that of the typical activated sludge for sewage treatment. The K _s was found to 210 mg/L, which was 3.5 to 21 times higher than that of the normal activated sludge.     

净化厂含硫污水对SBR系统的影响及消除技术

SBR序列间歇式活性污泥法是一种按间歇曝气方式来运行的活性污泥污水处理技术。通过分析某天然气净化厂含硫检修污水中各种有毒有害物质对SBR反应池污泥性能影响因素的分析,为有效控制有毒有害物质的影响提供依据。针对不同的影响因素,首先在缓冲罐中采用曝气、调整pH、氧化除硫、絮凝沉降等方法对进入SBR污水系统的原水进行预处理,去除有毒有害物质,减少其对系统影响。结果表明,预处理及工艺调整技术,减少了含硫污水对SBR池活性污泥的冲击,污泥活性稳定,污水处理后外排指标达标率100%,保证了运行的正常进行,减小对环境的污染。     

云南省城市污水处理厂污泥处置技术探讨

随着城市污水收集率及处理率的不断提高,污水处理厂污泥量不断增加,若不加妥善处置易造成二次环境污染。国外发达国家以土地利用为主,且土地利用的比例还在不断提高,云南省污泥处置方式以卫生填埋为主。分析了云南省污水处理厂污泥产生的特点及处置现状,提出了应该按照统一规划,合理布局,充分研究,优先选择土地利用特别是用于园林绿化的方案。     

污水处理厂污泥“三化”处理处置的关键问题

该文阐述了污水污泥“三化”（减量化、无害化、资源化）处理处置的必要性,列举了目前正在运用或正在研究的各类污水污泥“三化”技术,指出了推行污水污泥“三化”处理处置技术应用的关键问题,综上所述,认为推行污水污泥的“三化”处理处置非常必要,且当标准规范、政策补贴与资源化产品市场出路同时得到完善的时候,才能具备污水污泥“三化”处理处置技术推广的条件。