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基础化学实验课微型化改革的探讨 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
微型化学实验是化学实验改革的新的突破,是实现绿色化学的一条途径。本文阐述了微型化学实验的国内外发展现状,并根据我校实际情况探讨了微型实验在基础化学实验中的应用实践。 相似文献
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高校化学实验绿色化探讨 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
随着人们环保意识的增强,化学实验对环境的污染问题越来越引起了人们的重视,绿色化学实验成为化学工作者关注的热点。文章介绍了绿色化学的概念和内涵,提出在化学实验教学中渗透绿色化学理念,选择绿色化的实验内容,将常量实验改为微型及半微型实验,引入多媒体和现代实验新技术手段,探讨实现高校化学实验绿色化目标的方式方法。 相似文献
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借鉴美国微型化学实验教学的部分成果,综述了各类微型实验器材的应用、分析了微型化学实验在国内的发展现状,提出了微型化学实验教学的实施建议。 相似文献
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浅谈以绿色化学新理念指导基础化学实验教学 总被引:5,自引:5,他引:0
介绍了绿色化学的内涵及其原则,阐明了在农科院校实施绿色化学的重要意义。探讨了在基础化学实验教学中实施绿色化学教育的几项措施。通过教育提高认识,树立绿色化学的新理念,开展微型、半微型化学实验,组联实验,使用微波、超声波等现代化的实验仪器,利用多媒体技术等多种手段,来达到绿色化学教学的目的。化学教育工作者应肩负起义不容辞的责任。 相似文献
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化学是一门以实验为基础的学科。通过实验教学,不但能提高学生的实践动手能力,而且还可以培养学生的创新思维。为了减少资源消耗和最大限度地降低化学污染,微型化学实验迅速发展起来,并成为当前中学化学实验新课程的热点。本文重点阐述了中学微型化学实验的功能,并对中学化学实验的微型化实施提出了自己的见解。 相似文献
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化学微型实验,顾名思义:“实验药品微量化,实验仪器微型化”。根据微型实验的特点和要求,可以将一些普通的化学实验改造为微型实验,运用微型化的仪器进行化学实验。一方面,降低了实验成本,减少了环境的污染,体现了绿色经济的理念。另一方面,提高了学习者学习化学实验的兴趣,促进了新的教学模式的发展,体现了科学创新的理念。 相似文献
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选取几个典型的基础有机化学实验,通过常量、半微量、微量的比较实验,揭示了微型实验教学的一些优点和存在的问题,并提出了解决的方法。确认微型实验是实验改革的方向。 相似文献
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R. Brian Leavy Rebecca M. Brannon O. Erik Strack 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2010,7(5):606-615
Sphere impact experiments are used to calibrate and validate ceramic models that include statistical variability and/or scale effects in strength and toughness parameters. These dynamic experiments supplement traditional characterization experiments such as tension, triaxial compression, Brazilian, and plate impact, which are commonly used for ceramic model calibration. The fractured ceramic specimens are analyzed using sectioning, X-ray computed tomography, microscopy, and other techniques. These experimental observations indicate that a predictive material model must incorporate a standard deviation in strength that varies with the nature of the loading. Methods of using the spherical indentation data to calibrate a statistical damage model are presented in which it is assumed that variability in strength is tied to microscale stress concentrations associated with microscale heterogeneity. 相似文献
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The rarefied gas effect on concentration slip and on heterogeneous combustion in microscale chemical reactors was investigated. First, a concentration slip model to describe the rarefied gas effect on the species transport in microscale chemical reactors was derived from the approximate solution of the Boltzmann equation. Second, the model was verified using the direct Monte-Carlo method for the pure diffusion problems at different Knudsen numbers. The comparison showed that the present analytical model for the concentration slip boundary condition reasonably predicted the rarefied gas effect in the slip regime. Finally, the impact of the concentration slip on the coupling between the surface catalytic reactions and the homogeneous gas phase reactions in a microscale chemical reactor was examined using the one-step overall surface reaction model with a wide range of Knudsen and Damköhler numbers. It was shown that the rarefied gas effect significantly reduced the reaction rate of the surface catalytic oxidization for large Knudsen numbers. Furthermore, it was shown that the impact of slip effects on catalytic reactions strongly depends on the competition between the reaction rate and diffusion transport. It was found that the concentration slip causes a nonlinear reaction rate distribution at large Damköhler numbers. The results also showed that an accurate prediction of the rarefied gas effect on catalytic reactions in microscale reactors has to consider both the temperature slip and the concentration slip. 相似文献
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This is an overview of the development of process systems engineering (PSE) in a smaller world. Two different spatio-temporal scopes are identified for microscale and nanoscale process systems. The features and challenges for each scale are reviewed, and different methodologies used by them discussed. Comparison of these two new areas with traditional process systems engineering is described. If microscale PSE could be considered as an extension of traditional PSE, nanoscale PSE should be accepted as a new discipline which has looser connection with the extant core of chemical engineering. Since "molecular factories" is the next frontier of processing scale, nanoscale PSE will be the new theory to handle the design, simulation and operation of those active processing systems. 相似文献