急倾斜多煤层开采地表沉陷分区与围岩破坏机理——以木城涧煤矿大台井为例

为了研究急倾斜多煤层开采条件下地表及围岩移动变形特点,以木城涧煤矿大台井急倾斜多煤层开采为研究对象,进行了相似材料模拟研究.揭示了地表移动变形规律和围岩垮落、破坏机理,得出了不同区域移动变形的大小及主要特点,并与实地观测数据进行了对比分析.结果表明:该条件下开采,地表沉陷盆地可分为露头塌陷区、整体沉陷区、渐变沉陷区和轻微沉陷区,浅部开采形成的地表分区格局对整个采动影响区的地表移动变形起到了控制作用,浅部开采覆岩破坏以陷落和张裂为主要特征,深部开采以离层带裂隙顺层通达地表和台阶错落下沉为主要特征.     

FSIP系统研究

本文编制了FSIP系统的所有计算和管理方面的应用软件，采用中文菜单技术人机对话，实现了在褶曲构造煤层及任意形状工作面开采条件下；预计地表任意点在任意计算方向的下沉倾斜变形、曲率变形、水平移动、水平变形、煤层开采面积，及求解预计参数等万面的自动化     

急倾斜煤层可采工艺性评价及应用研究

为了预测急倾斜煤层开采的效果和决策辅助技术，对急倾斜煤层可采工艺性进行综合评价．在急倾斜煤层开采工业性试验及开采实践的经验和统计数据分析的基础上，建立了适合急倾斜煤层地质条件开采工艺性块段评价的层次结构，影响急倾斜煤层开采的复合因素有8个，基元因素13个；运用多指标综合评价方法和模糊数学原理，构造了急倾斜煤层可采工艺性影响因素的评价函数，建立了模糊综合评价模型．用该模型对京煤集团大台煤矿289个工作面进行了评价计算，并且根据工作面块段的评价值对工作面单产进行了预测，结果表明，工作面中1级27个，占9．34％；2级87个，占30．1％；3级112个，占38．75％；4级63个，占21．8％。评价结果与开采结果基本相吻合．     

开采沉陷中采深偏移系数的性质分析

在处理倾斜煤层的开采沉陷数据时,往往采用平均采深代替走向主断面实际开采深度,此时存在着采深偏移系数的情况,不可避免地造成了开采沉陷预测的不准确性.为了提高开采沉陷预测精度,通过理论推导,给出了采深偏移系数计算公式,分析了上覆岩层岩性、煤层倾角、松散层厚度等地质采矿条件对采深偏移系数的影响.同时,结合11个矿区的开采工作面资料,求取了以平均采深代替走向主断面实际采深时各地表移动变形值的偏差.结果表明,采深偏移系数随着覆岩强度和煤层倾角的增加而增加,随基深比的减小而减小.当煤层倾角达到20°以上时,应该考虑采深偏移系数对各移动变形值造成的影响,为矿山开采沉陷准确预测提供参考.     

多煤层采区岩层移动相似材料的模拟研究

通过对平顶山煤业集团公司八矿多煤层采区同采条件下,下部煤层开采对上部煤层开采影响的相似材料模拟试验结果的分析,得出了下组煤层开采时上覆岩层的移动及变形规律、有关岩层移动参数、上组煤层巷道变形预计方法及采动影响的时空关系     

FSIP 系统研究

本文编制了ＦＳＩＰ系统的所有计算和管理方面的应用软件，采用中文菜单技术人机对话，实现在褶曲构造煤层及任意形状工作面开采条件下，预计地表任意点在任意计算方向的下沉倾斜变形，曲率变形，水平移动，水平变形，煤层开采面积，及求解预计参数等方面的自动化。     

多煤层采区岩层移动相似材料的模拟研究

通过对平顶山煤业集团公司八矿多煤层采区同采条件下,下部煤层开采对上部煤层开采影响的相似材料模拟试验结果的分析,得出了下组煤层开采时上覆岩层的移动及变形规律、有关岩层移动参数、上组煤层巷道变形预计方法及采动影响的时空关系．     

缓倾斜,倾斜煤层地质条件的开采工艺性评价

本文从采矿的角度出发,研究了影响开采的重要地质因素及其评价函数,应用模糊数学和灰色系统理论方法,建立了煤层地质条件开采工艺性评价的数学模型,并以一些矿井的煤层块段为实例进行了评判,得出了可比的统一的综合评判指标,为我国缓倾斜、倾斜煤层地质条件对开采的适合程度提供了定量的评价方法。     

远距离下部煤层回采对上部采场巷道影响分析

为了研究远距离多煤层开采时下部煤层回采对上部采场巷道破坏的原因和影响范围,结合云煤一矿和正德矿业的井下采掘关系,通过覆岩破坏高度经验公式和UDEC数值模拟,得到远距离多煤层开采覆岩破坏的特点以及部分巷道受损的原因。利用概率积分和FLAC3 D数值模拟揭示了正德矿业倾斜岩面移动变形特征以及巷道破坏的主要原因;采用岩层移动角计算云煤一矿开采对正德矿业的影响范围,确定了巷道受损数目。研究结果表明:受损巷道少部分是由下部工作面回采引起的覆岩破坏和岩层移动变形共同造成的,而大部分受损巷道则仅由岩层移动变形造成;在采场倾斜岩面上,由于自重力和平行于岩面原岩应力分力的影响,下部工作面回采对其上山影响范围大于下山;采用优化的岩层移动角计算云煤一矿对正德矿业的采动影响范围,确定了巷道受损数量和位置,基本与现场实际情况吻合,可以为相似案例提供参考。     

急倾斜煤层开采地表移动变形数值模拟

针对急倾斜煤层开采复杂的地质条件,对朝阳某煤矿分别选取了六种方案进行模拟,岩层依次变软,得出六种方案的水平和竖直方向的地表变形曲线及模型在x、y方向的等值线图.结果显示:方案一和方案二的最大值分别为0.026 85 m、0.049 39 m;方案三和方案四的最大值分别为0.066 75 m、0.089 4 m;方案五和方案六的最大值分别为0.134 1m、0.260 3 m.可以得出随着弹性模量的减小也就是随着上覆岩层的变软,地表水平和竖直方向的位移都逐渐增大,影响范围也逐渐变大;地表变形的最大值并不在采空区的正上方,而在采空区法线方向与地表的交点左右.可以为研究急倾斜煤层的开采及变形移动规律提供理论支持.     

Feasibility analysis of gob-side entry retaining on a working face in a steep coal seam

Based on the decline in exploitation of coal resources, steep coal seam mining and mining face tensions continue to explore the feasibility analysis of steeply inclined faces in the gob. One of the key factors in utilizing the technology of gob-side entry retaining in steep coal seams is to safely and effectively prevent caving rock blocks from rushing into the gob-side entry by sliding downwards along levels. Using theoretical analysis and field methods, we numerically simulated the mining process on a fully-mechanized face in a steep coal seam. The stress and deformation process of roof strata has been analyzed, and the difficulty of utilizing the technology is considered and combined with practice in a steep working face in Lvshuidong mine. The feasibility of utilizing the technology of gob-side entry retaining in a steep coal seam has been recognised. We propose that roadways along the left lane offshoot body use a specially-made reinforced steel dense net to build a dense rock face at the lower head. The results show that the lane offshoot branch creates effective roof control, safe conditions for roadway construction workers, and practical application of steeply inclined gob.     

Determining areas in an inclined coal seam floor prone to water-inrush by micro-seismic monitoring

The failure depth of the coal seam floor is one important consideration that must be kept in mind when mining is carried out above a confined aquifer. Determining the floor failure depth is the essential precondition for predicting the water-resisting ability of the floor. We have used a high-precision microseismic monitoring technique to overcome the limited amount of data available from field measurements. The failure depth of a coal seam floor, especially an inclined coal seam floor, may be more accurately estimated by monitoring the continuous, dynamic failure of the floor. The monitoring results indicate the failure depth of the coal seam floor near the workface conveyance roadway (the lower crossheading) is deeper and that the failure range is wider here compared to the coal seam floor near the return airway (the upper crossheading). The results of micro-seismic monitoring show that the dangerous area for water-inrush from the coal seam floor may be identified. This provides an important field measurement that helps ensure safe and highly efficient mining of the inclined coal seam above the confined aquifer at the Taoyuan Coal Mine.     

倾斜煤层区段煤柱变形破坏规律

煤层倾角是影响区段煤柱稳定性的关键因素之一.利用理论分析、相似模拟、数值模拟等方法研究了倾斜煤层开挖后倾向覆岩结构演化特征、煤柱变形及失稳破坏形式.研究结果表明,0~45°范围内随着煤层倾角增大,区段煤柱发生剪切失稳破坏的可能性增大;煤柱两侧覆岩结构呈现不对称分布,煤柱上侧砌体梁结构形成层位较低,煤柱下侧形成冒空区,砌体梁结构形成层位高于上侧;与水平煤层煤柱破坏以挤压变形为主不同,倾斜煤柱以沿着弱面剪切滑移破坏为主;不同倾角煤层煤柱围岩变形量呈不对称分布,煤柱下侧围岩变形量大于上侧,煤层倾角越大煤柱围岩变形量不对称分布趋势越明显.     

Top coal caving mining technique in thick coal seam beneath the earth dam

It is important to study the mining technology under structures for raising the coal resources recovery ratio. Based on the geological and mining conditions, the top coal caving harmonic mining technique in thick coal seam beneath the earth dam was put forward and studied. The 5 factors such as the panel mining direction, panel size, panel location, panel mining sequence and panel advance velocity were taken into account in this technique. The dam movement and deformation were predicted after the thick coal seam mining and the effects of mining on the dam were studied. By setting up the surveying stations on the dam, the movement and deformation of the dam were observed during mining. By taking some protective measures on the dam, the top coal caving mining technique in thick coal seam beneath the earth dam was carried out successfully. The study demonstrates that harmonic mining in thick coal seam is feasible under the dam. The safety of the earth dam after mining was ensured and the coal resources recovery ratio was improved.     

厚煤层全煤巷采区巷道布置关键技术研究

在分析煤矿开采过程中大量矸石排放造成矿区土地资源浪费、水资源破坏和大气污染现状的基础上，根据采煤技术发展现状，提出了厚煤层采区全煤巷布置系统，并对厚煤层采区煤层上山(或煤层大巷)的维护、采空区排水和防灭火等关键技术进行了研究，以实现厚煤层矿井的安全、高效、洁净开采。     

Analysis of stability of support and surrounding rock in mining top coal of inclined coal seam

The study analyzes the characteristics of roof movement in mining top coal of inclined coal seam, and establishes the mechanical model of support and surrounding-rock stability in inclined coal seam. Besides, this study carries out the numerical calculation and field observation of roof movement and support stability, and provides the critical control measures. The results show that the fracture firstly appears in middle-upper roof and extends upwards in top coal caving in inclined coal seam; regular and irregular caving zones appear in middle-upper stress concentration region, and the asymmetric caving arch is finally formed. Support load of middle-upper working face is larger than that of the middle-lower face; dynamic load coefficient of upper support is large, and the load on the front of support is larger than that on the rear of it, which leads to poor support stability. Stability of support and surrounding-rock system depends mainly on upper-support stability.     

高瓦斯煤层群保护层开采卸压效果数值模拟

为合理选择保护层,针对高瓦斯突出煤层群安全开采问题,分析了保护层开采的保护作用机理,即保护层开采可对被保护层起到卸压增透作用,改善被保护层的瓦斯抽放效果是解决煤与瓦斯突出问题及瓦斯灾害的重要技术手段;卸压对煤与瓦斯突出及瓦斯问题的解决具有决定作用.针对某矿高瓦斯突出煤层群生产地质条件,采用FLAC3D数值软件模拟2个非突出煤层作为保护层开采时的卸压效果,并对其进行了分析比较,研究结果可为保护层的合理选择提供参考依据.     

Research on New Method of Full-Seam Mining for Gently Inclined Thick Coal Seams

The recovery ratio of top-coal caving mining plays a key role in the development of this mining method. For the proposccs to raise the recovery ratio and consideriug heading adva,lce and roadway maiqtenancc, a new method of full-seam mining for gently inclined thick coal seams is put forward on the basis of a thooretic re.search and engineering practice.     

Effect of protective coal seam mining and gas extraction on gas transport in a coal seam

A gas–solid coupling model involving coal seam deformation,gas diffusion and seepage,gas adsorption and desorption was built to study the gas transport rule under the effect of protective coal seam mining.The research results indicate:(1) The depressurization effect changes the stress state of an overlying coal seam and causes its permeability to increase,thus gas in the protected coal seam will be desorbed and transported under the effect of a gas pressure gradient,which will cause a decrease in gas pressure.(2) Gas pressure can be further decreased by setting out gas extraction boreholes in the overlying coal seam,which can effectively reduce the coal and gas outburst risk.The research is of important engineering significance for studying the gas transport rule in protected coal seam and providing important reference for controlling coal and gas outbursts in deep mining in China.     

Pressure relief, gas drainage and deformation effects on an overlying coal seam induced by drilling an extra-thin protective coal seam

Numerical simulations and field tests were used to investigate the changes in ground stress and deformation of, and gas flow from, a protected coal seam under which an extra-thin coal seam was drilled. The geological conditions were: 0.5 meter min-ing height, 18.5 meter coal seam spacing and a hard limestone/fine sandstone inter-stratum. For these conditions we conclude: 1) the overlying coal-rock mass bends and sinks without the appearance of a caving zone, and 2) the protected coal seam is in the bending zone and undergoes expansion deformation in the stress-relaxed area. The deformation was 12 mm and the relative defor-mation was 0.15%. As mining proceeds, deformation in the protected layer begins as compression, then becomes a rapid expansion and, finally, reaches a stable value. A large number of bed separation crannies are created in the stress-relaxed area and the perme-ability coefficient of the coal seam was increased 403 fold. Grid penetration boreholes were evenly drilled toward the protected coal seam to affect pressure relief and gas drainage. This made the gas pressure decrease from 0.75 to 0.15 Mpa, the gas content de-crease from 13 to 4.66 m3/t and the gas drainage reach 64%.