钨铜箔片表面电沉积铝工艺的研究

利用AlCl3+LiAlH4-四氢呋喃-苯体系有机电镀液在自制W90Cu10箔片上镀铝,成功获得了高质量的镀铝层,分析了AlCl3与LiAlH4的配比、电流密度和电镀时间对镀层微观形貌、物相组成及厚度的影响,并得出了这3种影响因素的最佳取值。分析结果表明:铝镀层呈现锥状颗粒生长特征,表面颗粒排列紧密,镀液中AlCl3相对于LiAlH4的含量越少,电流密度越大,则表面颗粒越粗大;电镀时间越长,镀层颗粒在(220)方向择优生长越突出;可通过控制电流密度和电镀时间来控制铝镀层厚度,但若电流密度过高或电镀时间过长,镀层易出现裂纹、枝晶等缺陷。     

电解废旧铝合金回收铝的电流效率(英文)

研究在AlC13-NaCl熔融盐体系中进行电精炼废旧铝合金回收金属铝。以铝合金为阳极,通过直流电沉积在铜阴极上得到铝涂层。在170°C、电流密度100 mA/cm2下电解4 h,得到的沉积物铝的纯度大约为99.7%,电流效率为44%~64%,每千克铝消耗电能3~9 kW·h。探讨阴极电流密度、电解质成分和电解时间及温度等对铝沉积电流效率的影响。结果表明:在AlCl3和NaCl摩尔比为1.3~1.9时,AlCl3和NaCl摩尔比对电流效率的影响很小,升高电解温度有利于提高电流效率;但是延长电解时间或增大电流密度会导致电流效率降低。电流效率的降低主要是由于沉积的铝呈现枝状晶或粉化而易从阴极上脱落到电解质中所致。     

钢基材表面无机熔融盐电镀铝的研究

采用无机熔融盐电镀工艺在钢基材表面获得了一层完整、致密的镀铝层。研究了AlCl3含量以及电镀时间对镀铝层质量及厚度的影响。结果表明,AlCl3含量为80%时,所制备的镀铝层完整、致密、均匀性好,镀铝层中金属铝呈颗粒状紧密排列;随着电镀时间的延长,镀铝层的厚度逐渐增加,金属铝颗粒逐渐增大。     

304不锈钢基体上无机熔融盐电镀铝研究

在AlCl3-NaCl-KCl三元无机熔融盐体系中研究了304不锈钢基体上熔融盐电镀铝的可能性,并对镀层的形貌和成分进行了分析.结果表明,304不锈钢基体可以通过无机熔融盐电镀的方法获得铝镀层.经X射线能谱分析得出,镀层的铝元素的原子百分比可达98.9%.镀铝层形貌随电流密度变化较为明显,当电流密度较低时,铝镀层呈不均匀的薄片状,随电流密度的增大,铝镀层逐渐呈粒状.     

低温熔盐电镀铝阴极沉积动力学研究

对A1C13-NaC1-KC1三元无机熔融盐体系中低温电镀铝的反应步骤及速率控制步骤进行分析,对电镀过程中镀液成分以及镀铝层沉积质量进行了测定。结果表明低温熔融盐电镀铝镀液中各反应物浓度及温度等因素与铝在阴极沉积速率间存在着定量关系,由此推导出镀铝层沉积速率的动力学经验方程式:υ=2.0697[Al2Cl7-]2.5834[AlCl4-]-0.4707exp[12.04(T403T)]。结果显示,Al2Cl7-的浓度控制着整个电镀过程的进行。从而,从动力学角度解释并丰富了低温熔融盐电镀铝理论。     

AZ31镁合金在TMPAC-AlCl3离子液体中电镀铝

采用TMPAC-AlCl3离子液体,在浸锌后的镁合金AZ31表面实施恒流电镀铝,采用电化学技术评估镀铝层的耐蚀性,并采用SEM/EDX等技术表征镀层。结果表明：在浸锌后的镁合金表面可获得表面光洁的银白色镀铝层。在不同的电流密度下,呈现出两种形貌不同的镀铝层;在较佳电流密度12.3mA/cm2时,镀铝层表面较致密;电镀时间越长,镀层越厚,镀铝层耐蚀性越好。     

HR-2不锈钢室温熔盐镀铝

为在不锈钢表面制备铝化物阻氚渗透层奠定基础,采用AlCl3-MEIC（氯化1-甲基3-乙基咪唑）室温熔盐在HR-2不锈钢表面进行镀铝实验,主要研究镀前处理方式,电流密度对镀层的形貌、结合力、纯度的影响。结果表明,采用AlCl3-MEIC室温熔盐体系在HR-2不锈钢上镀铝是可行的。传统的酸洗镀前处理能得到质量较高的镀层,但界面结合不好;电化学清洗镀前处理后可制得结合良好的高质量镀层。纯白色铝镀层表面光滑、均匀、致密,呈现有一定棱角的球形颗粒状生长特性。镀层颗粒尺寸随电流密度的增加而增大。较优的电流密度范围为10~20 mA?cm-2,电镀时间至少40 min。     

CLAM钢表面室温离子液体电镀铝

采用AlCl_3-EMIC离子液体在室温下对国产低活性铁素体/马氏体钢(CLAM钢)表面进行镀铝处理。研究了镀前处理对镀层-基体界面的影响。采用SEM、EDS分析了不同电流密度对镀层表面形貌与界面形貌的影响,同时与脉冲电镀所得结果进行了比较。结果表明:在电化学前处理过程中,增大电流密度会增强镀层与基底结合力;电流脉冲的加入可以减弱溶液浓差极化现象,增加表面组织致密性;镀层晶粒大小随电流密度增大而减小,镀层球状组织随电流密度增大而增大。在优化的电镀工艺下(前处理电流密度控制在10 mA/cm~2以上,电镀电流密度控制在10~20 mA/cm~2,对应的电镀时间45~95 min,优选脉冲电流电镀),得到的铝镀层表面光滑,致密,结合力强,厚度可控。     

316L不锈钢无机熔融盐电镀铝研究

在AlC13-NaCl-KCl三元无机熔融盐体系中研究了316L不锈钢基体上熔融盐电镀铝的可能性,并利用扫描电镜、X射线能谱和X射线衍射仪分别对镀层的形貌、成分和结构进行了分析.结果表明,可以通过无机熔融盐电镀的方法在316L不锈钢基体上获得原子百分比达99.32%铝镀层.镀铝层形貌随电流密度变化较为明显,当电流密度低于1.5 A·dm -2-时,铝镀层呈薄片状生长,随电流密度的增大,镀铝层形貌由片状向粒状过渡,并伴随着晶粒的细化.铝镀层厚度随电镀时间增加而线性增加.     

Q235钢表面熔盐电镀铝及其耐蚀性的研究

将Q235钢试样分别经150℃的AlCl3-NaCl-KCl熔盐和800℃的Al和NaCl-KCl熔盐处理后，可在试样表面获得电镀铝层。对电镀铝层的耐蚀性进行了研究，结果表明，无论是低温电镀还是高温电镀，电镀铝层的厚度都随电流密度的增大和电镀时间的延长而增加，镀层厚度和电镀时问的平方根呈线性关系，而且其耐蚀性得到显著的提高。     

制备高活性二氯四氨合钯(Ⅱ)的工艺研究

在旋转蒸发仪中,研究了二氯四氨合钯(Ⅱ)的制备方法,并探索了不同反应条件下二氯四氨合钯(Ⅱ)产品的钯含量。结果表明,四氯合钯酸在85℃下与氨水反应80 min为相对最优制备条件;在70℃下重结晶25 min为二氯四氨合钯(Ⅱ)最佳后续处理条件。     

ICP-AES法测定三苯基膦氯化铑中的微量杂质

将三苯基膦氯化铑用硝酸、高氯酸消解,以混合酸溶解样品,用ICP-AES法测定三苯基膦氯化铑中的微量Al、Cu、Fe、Mg、Pd、Ni、Pb、Pt、Zn杂质元素含量。选择合适波长消除光谱干扰,用背景点扣除的方式消除铑对Fe、Ni、Pb、Pt、Zn的基体干扰。各杂质元素的检测范围为0.001%~0.1%,加标回收率为93.25%~117.0%,精密度(RSD)为0.18%~15.41%。与直流电弧发射光谱分析方法相比,准确度和精密度均得到提高,高纯铑基体消耗减少,操作简化。     

Biocorrosion of Plasticized Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Caused by Apergillus niger Microscopic Fungus

Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - The mechanism of aging of plasticized PVC coexposed to several factors—temperature and Aspergillus niger microscopic fungus—is...     

聚丁二烯聚氨脂/聚氯乙烯互穿网络防腐涂料的研究

聚丁二烯聚氨脂／聚氯乙烯共混后，加入一定量的双羟基苯胺和二月桂酸二丁基锡，制成IPN防腐涂料。该涂料具有优良的防腐性能、附着力和耐冲击性，可用于各种钢铁设施的防腐处理。本文阐述了该涂料的制法、IPN的表征、诸因素对涂料性能的影响及主要性能指标。     

二氯二氨合钯用氧化法制备氯化钯的研究

研究了以二氯二氨合钯为原料,用盐酸溶液加热溶解使其转化成氯钯酸铵,以氯酸钠作为氧化剂氧化除去铵,氢氧化钠沉淀钯得到纯氢氧化钯,再用浓盐酸溶解之并浓缩结晶得到纯氯化钯的制备工艺。研究结果表明:当每公斤Pd(NH3)2Cl2的氯酸钠用量为2.48kg,HCl(36%)用量为2.75L,钯的浓度为20g/L,氧化时间60min,氧化温度100℃,沉钯pH=10,沉降时钯的浓度为10g/L,洗涤3次,其氢氧化钯的纯度>99.9%(钯的含量75.64%)。制备的氯化钯中钯含量>59.5%,其中铁含量<0.002%,硝酸根含量<0.02%,氯化钯中的杂质总量<0.05%。直收率>99.9%。另外采用此工艺不产生NO等的污染。     

Threshold Chloride Concentration for Passivity Breakdown of Mg-Zn-Gd-Nd-Zr Alloy (EV31A) in Basic Solution

Mg-Zn-Gd-Nd-Zr alloy(EV31A) is a heat-treatable magnesium(Mg) cast alloy that can be used up to 200 ℃for automobile and aerospace applications.This alloy has excellent mechanical properties(ultimate tensile strength:280 MPa at room temperature,and ~ 230 MPa at 200 ℃) and improved corrosion resistance.Electrochemical corrosion studies were conducted on this alloy under different heat treatment conditions in 0.1 M NaOH solution with the addition of0-1000 ppm of chloride.The alloy showed excellent passivity in the 0.1 M NaOH solution.The passive potential range typically extended to more than 1.2 V_(Ag/AgC1).The transpassive potential was observed to be dependent on heat treatment condition of the alloy.More than 80 ppm of chloride was required to induce passivity breakdown in any heat treatment condition.Peak aging at 200 ℃ for 16 h imparted better resistance for localized corrosion than other heat-treated conditions.The alloy in the as-received condition showed the highest passivation kinetics due to its smaller grain size that possibly increased the diffusion of reactive elements to form protective oxide.The passive film of the EV31 A alloy showed n-type semiconductivity with a charge carrier density of ~2×10~(21) cm~(-3) with no chloride addition.The charge carrier density increased with chloride addition in the electrolyte which could be correlated with the susceptibility to localized corrosion.     

Organic Heat Stabilizers for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): A Synergistic Behavior of Eugenol and Uracil Derivative

Recycling ability, mechanical, and thermal properties of PVC stabilized with organic heat stabilizers, i.e., uracil (DAU) and eugenol were investigated to substitute PVCs stabilized with commercial lead, Ca/Zn, and organic-based stabilizer for PVC pipe production. PVC stabilized with the DAU and the eugenol can be processable at 30 °C lower than that of the PVC stabilized with commercial heat stabilizers. The most remarkable short-term thermal stability belonged to the PVC stabilized with the DAU, and its original color can be maintained at least up to 3 processing cycles. Synergistic behavior in thermal stability of the PVC mixed with DAU and eugenol at mass ratios of 1.5:1.5 was observed. Mechanical properties of DAU- and eugenol-stabilized PVC were higher than the samples with other heat stabilizers. Glass transition temperature of the PVC stabilized with all heat stabilizers was determined to be 99 °C with the exception of the value of 89 °C for eugenol-stabilized PVC. Therefore, the DAU and the eugenol showed high potential to be used as an organic heat stabilizer for PVC because of their non-toxic and good heat resistance properties.     

Morphological Development of Subscale Formation in Fe–Cr–(Ni) Alloys with Chloride and Sulfates Coating

Three types of stainless steel (430, 304, and 310) with a coating of NaCl, NaCl/AlCl₃, or NaCl/Al₂(SO₄)₃ are exposed at 750 and 850°C. Results show that NaCl has a major effect on corrosion and sulfur plays an important role in intergranular corrosion. After high-temperature exposure with a 100% NaCl coating, the morphologies of alloys 304 and 310 show typical uniform subscale attack the depths of attack increasing with temperature, while alloy 430 showed a planar attack. Alloy 310 has the highest chromium content and has the least metal loss. After high-temperature exposure with a NaCl/AlCl₃ coating, the corrosion morphologies and depths of attack are similar to those associated with an NaCl coating, but only voids are larger in the subscale. When coated with NaCl/Al₂(SO₄)₃, the alloys are attacked simultaneously by sulfur and chlorine at 750°C, resulting in a typical sulfur-attack intergranular corrosion. However, as the temperature increases to 850°C, the corrosion morphology changes to a uniform subscale attack.     

Kinetics of Galvanostatic Chloride Pitting of Stainless Steels in Chloride Solutions

To check the theory, the corrosion of steels 12X18H10T and 10X17H13M2T is studied during galvanostatic polarization at different , current densities, and temperatures. The morphology and size distribution of pits are discussed. In E vs. log curves are shown to demonstrate a single linear segment for steel 12X18H10T and two linear segments for 10X17H13M2T (as for pure Fe, according to the literature data [12]), namely, the initial segment with a steep slope and the later one with more gentle slope. The single slope ¦– E/ log of steel 12X18H10T and the later (gentle) slope, which is observed for both steel 10X17H13M2T and Fe, correspond to those predicted in [3, 4, 7], while the earlier steep slope corresponds to crevice-type pitting.__________Translated from Zashchita Metallov, Vol. 41, No. 3, 2005, pp. 326–331.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Zamaletdinov.