烟草及烟草制品中脱氧果糖嗪含量分析

对烟草及烟草制品中的脱氧果糖嗪测定方法进行研究,确定采用超声波提取,以蒸馏水为提取溶剂测定烟草及烟草制品中的脱氧果糖嗪含量,方法的重复性好（RSD小于5％）、回收率高（大于91％）。采用该方法检测了包括烤烟、白肋烟、香料烟在内的20种烟叶样品和25种卷烟烟丝样品,结果显示在20种烟叶样品中均未检测到脱氧果糖嗪的存在,国产卷烟基本无脱氧果糖嗪的存在或含量极低．而一些进口混合性卷烟则有较高含量的脱氧果糖嗪。     

An adaptive neuro-fuzzy approach to bulk tobacco flue-curing control process

Bulk tobacco flue-curing process significantly affects the quality and fragrance of cured tobacco leaves. The control of bulk tobacco flue-curing process is therefore quite important for tobacco industry. In this work, a neuro-fuzzy-based method for controlling bulk tobacco flue-curing process was proposed. In particular, an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was developed to predict the set point changing time. To illustrate the applicability and capability of the ANFIS model, the proposed approach was tested with a bulk tobacco flue-curing barn database, which included totally 574 data sets obtained in the four curing cycles. The results demonstrated that the proposed approach could be applied successfully and provide high accuracy and reliability for bulk curing barns. Furthermore, to analyze how input factors affect the bulk tobacco flue-curing control process, the selection of input linguistic factors was also discussed. The factors of color and curing phase were found to have the most substantial influence on curing control process. A comparative study among the proposed neuro-fuzzy approach and other related methods was also performed. Both the statistical measures and visual assessment illustrated that the proposed ANFIS method outperformed the other methods in this study, which further showed the effectiveness and reliability of the neuro-fuzzy approach to bulk tobacco flue-curing control process.     

玉米秸秆复合高吸水树脂的制备与性能

将玉米秸秆预处理后与丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺和苯乙烯磺酸钠进行水溶液接枝共聚制备玉米秸秆复合高吸水性树脂,研究玉米秸秆含量对高吸水性树脂吸水率、吸水速率、保水率和凝胶强度的影响。XRD证实了秸秆接枝共聚物的结构,SEM表明秸秆接枝改性的高吸水树脂,原来秸秆不连续的片状结构变成了具有许多大微孔和小毛细孔的凝胶团聚体。     

湘西烟叶常规化学成分的聚类分析与综合评价

对2007年湘西五大主产烟区(龙山、桑植、吉首、怀化、永顺)765个烤烟样本进行了常规化学成分分析、常规化学组成相关性分析、聚类分析和评价。通过与优质烟叶常规化学组成相比较,发现龙山烟区下部烟叶品质较好,常规化学成分含量及各协调比值均达到了优质烟叶标准,其余依次为吉首烟区下部烟,桑植烟区中部烟、吉首烟区中部烟及永顺烟区中部烟。相关性分析表明,怀化烟区的钾含量与烟碱含量、永顺烟区的钾含量与氯含量都呈显著负相关。聚类分析表明,在这些烟区中,主要存在三类常规化学成分含量相似的烟叶,即龙山、怀化和吉首的中部烟;龙山、吉首与怀化的上部烟;龙山下部烟与永顺中部烟,它们可用于烟叶配打。     

不同溶剂萃取对烟丝中甾醇含量降低效果的影响

以95%乙醇、乙酸乙酯、纯化水、石油醚为溶剂萃取烟丝,通过气质联用定量测定萃取后烟丝主要游离甾醇的含量。结果表明：①95%乙醇、乙酸乙酯和石油醚3种有机溶剂都具有不同程度降低烟丝中甾醇含量的效果,甾醇降低量大小顺序为：乙酸乙酯〉石油醚〉95%乙醇,尤其是乙酸乙酯萃取后的烟丝中各甾醇类化合物含量降低最为明显,其中胆甾醇、豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇含量分别降低了24.67%,64.63%,44.03%;②水萃取烟丝后甾醇含量比正常烟丝还要高,这是由于水是良好的极性溶剂,萃取烟丝后导致烟丝中大部分化学成分含量降低,单位质量的烟丝增多,因此单位质量烟丝的甾醇含量反而上升。     

烤烟陈化过程中挥发性、半挥发性脂肪酸和pH的变化研究

使用同时蒸馏萃取装置、气相色谱 /质谱联用 (GC/MS)仪 ,对约 3年自然陈化过程烤烟复烤叶片挥发性、半挥发性脂肪酸的变化进行研究 ,烟草水溶液pH的变化也进行了跟踪分析。结果表明 ,烤烟约 3年的自然陈化过程中 ,挥发性、半挥发性脂肪酸含量呈上升趋势 ,多数成分在陈化至 2 5 3 1个月左右 ,含量达到最高 ,之后含量缓慢下降。烟草水溶液pH一直呈下降趋势 ,陈化 3年后 ,pH约降低了 5 % ,陈化初期 pH下降速度大于陈化后期。对烤烟陈化过程烟草挥发性、半挥发性总量 (不含十六酸 )与 pH的变化进行了相关性研究 ,两者的相关系数为 0 .874,显示了很好的负相关关系。     

Effect of different combined moistening and redrying treatments on the physicochemical and sensory capabilities of smoking food tobacco material

Smoking food tobacco material include flue-cured tobacco leaves, expanded stems, and reconstituted tobacco sheets. As the main raw material in the cigarette industry, the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves is very important to the smoking food products. The effects of different combined moistening and redrying treatments on the physicochemical and sensory changes of flue-cured tobacco leaves have been systemically studied. This work has demonstrated that the steam moistening and low-temperature slow redrying (SM–LTSR) processes can improve the moisture content and color uniformity of tobacco leaves (p?相似文献   

产香酵母菌处理烟叶碎片制备特色烟草浸膏的工艺研究

为利用烟叶碎片制备特色烟草浸膏,采用WY803号产香酵母菌处理烟叶碎片,优化产香工艺制备特色烟草浸膏。采用同时蒸馏萃取法采集烟草浸膏的香气成分,并利用气相色谱-质谱联用进行分析。结果表明,经WY803产香酵母菌处理烟叶碎片后所得到的特色烟草浸膏不仅具有增加烟气浓度、丰富烟香的作用,而且具有提高烟香细腻度和甜润性的作用;并为卷烟香气赋以特殊的醇和的酿甜香味,体现了淡雅香的中式卷烟特点。其优化产香工艺为将烟叶碎片水提物灭菌后,添加10%的高粱粉,接种1%的WY803。在30℃的条件下发酵14天。与未经产香处理的普通烟草浸膏的香味成分比较,该特色烟草浸膏成分中的特征香味成分有:呋喃酮、呋喃醇、苯乙醇、新植二烯、巨豆三烯酮、二羟基紫罗兰酮、2-乙酰基吡咯等。     

烟叶及土壤中菌核净残留分析方法及消解规律

提取样品中的菌核净,硅胶层析柱净化,气相色谱配电子捕获检测器(ECD)测定.结果表明:鲜烟叶、土壤中菌核净平均回收率分别为96.80%～98.96%、93.87%～100.78%;相对标准偏差分别为7.77%～8.22%、5.48%～6.69%.菌核净在鲜烟叶中的消解较快,半衰期为7.75 d;在土壤中相对较慢,半衰期为15.71 d.     

“三丝”掺配对主流烟气游离烟碱/烟碱比值的影响和趋势分析

通过正交设计,研究了三丝掺配(薄片、梗丝、膨胀烟丝与烟丝的掺配)对主流烟气中游离烟碱/烟碱比值的影响。3种掺配原料的影响效应大小为:梗丝效应≈薄片效应膨胀烟丝效应,无显著交互效应。对不同三丝掺配比例下的趋势分析发现,游离烟碱/烟碱比值随梗丝、薄片掺配量增加而增加,且在一定的掺配量范围内呈现变化趋势;游离烟碱/烟碱比值随膨胀烟丝掺配量比例增加而降低,但在少量的掺配量范围内变化趋势不是特别明显。     

玉米秸秆纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的制备与性能研究

以缩二脲改性的环氧树脂为粘胶剂,玉米秸秆纤维为增强材料,多异氰酸酯为相容剂,丁基缩水甘油醚为稀释剂制备玉米秸秆纤维/环氧树脂复合材料。利用FTIR对其进行结构分析,万能试验机进行力学分析,并研究了玉米秸秆纤维用量对复合材料力学性能和耐水性的影响。结果表明,当粘胶剂质量分数为15%,相容剂与秸秆纤维质量比为1∶3时所制备的复合材料具有良好的力学性能,厚度溶胀率和吸水率较低,是一种性能较为优良的新型环保型复合材料。     

烟草常用农药对漂浮苗药害的评价

在漂浮育苗大棚内,选取烟草苗期常用农药,以推荐剂量和超推荐剂量,采用喷雾方式进行药剂药害试验。结果明确了各种药剂对炯苗的安全用药剂量和试验剂量内的药害症状,可湿性粉剂容易引起烟苗叶片轻微药害。     

陈化过程中不同部位烤烟烟叶香味成分变化的研究

采用SDE-GC/MS法对陈化过程中不同部位烤烟烟叶的香味成分进行分析检测,并按照香味物质的产生来源对分析结果进行了分类研究。结果表明,陈化过程中不同部位烟叶的香味物质的变化情况差别明显。从香味成分的变化情况看,各个部位适宜的陈化时间有所不同:上部烟叶2年以上,中部烟叶1.5~2年,下部烟叶1年左右。     

动态皂化萃取法提取茄尼醇的研究

建立了以废次烟叶粗提物为原料,采用乙醇和溶剂油动态皂化方法萃取茄尼醇的工艺。讨论了影响动态皂化反应的主要因素,确定了优化的工艺参数:氢氧化钠为皂化试剂,6号溶剂油为烟叶粗提物的溶剂,体积分数为80%乙醇为氢氧化钠的溶剂,氢氧化钠与烟叶粗提物浸膏的质量比为1∶4,皂化反应时间为2.5 h。结果表明,在优化的条件下,经过动态皂化处理,茄尼醇收率119.4%,比经常规的先皂化后萃取处理收率增加9.3%;烟叶粗提物中的茄尼醇质量分数达到19.6%,比常规皂化处理增加2.94%。此外,采用动态皂化减少了工序,节省了萃取溶剂消耗量,因此该法是一种高效快速萃取茄尼醇的方法。     

Structure and properties of corn stalk-composite superabsorbent

A novel corn stalk-composite superabsorbent was prepared by graft copolymerization of corn stalk with acrylic acid, acrylamide and sodium 4-styrenesulfonate in aqueous solutions after the pretreatment of corn stalk, using N,N-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite as redox initiators. Factors affecting water absorption rate of the superabsorbent composite, such as the amount of corn stalk, crosslinker, and initiator were investigated. Adsorption rates of Ni(II) and Cd(II) ions of the corn stalk-composite superabsorbent were also studied. Corn stalk-composite superabsorbent had equilibrium adsorption capacities of 210 mg g^?1 within 50 min and 505 mg g^?1 within 150 min for Ni(II) and Cd(II) ions, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the structure of corn stalk-composite superabsorbent. X-ray diffraction indicated that the sharp diffraction peaks of corn stalks disappeared and transformed into a large and wide amorphous dispersion peak. The discontinuous sheet structure of corn stalks disappeared and gel aggregates with microporous holes and small capillary pores were formed after corn stalk graft modification. After absorbing water, the swollen composite superabsorbent formed a network-like structure filled with water. Thermal gravimetric analysis indicated that the composite superabsorbent had high thermal stability with three step degradations.     

不同地区不同等级复烤烟叶中重要致香物质的分析比较

本文采用同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)/气相色谱/质谱联用法(GC/MS)对相同品种、不同地区、不同等级复烤烟叶中的重要致香物质进行分析比较;并且对同时蒸馏萃取法进行重复性和回收率试验。结果表明相同品种、不同地区、不同等级复烤烟叶中重要致香物质的含量差别较大;同时蒸馏萃取法具有良好的重复性和较高的回收率。     

烟草中蛋白质研究概述

概述了烟叶中蛋白质对品质的影响,并总结了影响烟叶中蛋白质含量的因素。烟叶中蛋白质的降解和生成的产物都极大地影响烟叶的吸食口感和品质。影响烟叶中蛋白质含量的内在因素为烟叶的品种,施氮量和生态气候因素等,外在因素为采收时期,烘烤工艺,人工添加酶类及微生物制剂等。本文总结了近年关于烟草中蛋白质方面的研究成果,在烤烟种植、采收时间、烘烤工艺优化和烟叶陈化阶段方面,为烟草中蛋白质的降解方法的制定提供参考。     

有机钾肥及氨基酸络合微肥对烤烟产质效应的影响

研究了有机钾肥分别作为基肥和叶面肥和以含稀土的氨基酸微肥作为叶面肥对烟株的植物学性状、光合作用的影响以及对烟叶质量、产值和品质的影响,试验结果表明：当以有机钾肥作为基肥,并在生育期和成熟期分别喷施有机钾肥和含稀土的氨基酸微肥作为叶面肥时,烟时的产量、产值可增加10%以上,烟叶中钾含量及烟叶品质均可得到明显的改善。     

菠萝蜜果皮中多酚的测定及其应用初探

多酚是烟草香味的重要来源之一,本文建立了菠萝蜜果皮中多酚含量的测定方法,测得的多酚含量为1.040 mg/g,并将菠萝蜜果皮提取物分别添加至不同等级、产地的烤烟烟叶中,发现菠萝蜜果皮提取物对烤烟内质有明显提升作用,能够缓和上部烟的不良气息,提高其可用性,对南、北方产地的烟叶作用效果差异不明显。     

Characteristics of fast pyrolysis of biomass in a free fall reactor

Fast pyrolysis of four kinds of biomass (legume straw, tobacco stalk, pine sawdust and apricot stone) was conducted in a free fall reactor. Interest is focused on hydrogen-rich gas production. The experimental results verify the occurrence of the in-situ steam reforming of tar, the steam gasification of char and the water–gas shift reaction with the primary pyrolysis of the biomass at higher heating rate in the free fall reactor. These reactions influence greatly the products' distribution and dry gas compositions in fast pyrolysis, especially at higher temperature. The pyrolysis is mass and heat transfer controlled for biomass particle size of above 0.20 mm but kinetically controlled in the case of particle size smaller than 0.20 mm. Biomass composed of higher cellulose and hemicellulose favors hydrogen-rich gas production in fast pyrolysis than that composed of higher lignin. The pyrolysis characteristics of each type of biomass can be explained according to its chemical compositions.