桂林水热法合成红宝石晶体

采用水热法合成出了红宝石晶体,对晶体生长的设备及工艺条件进行了研究,并对晶体的宝石学特征进行了测定.     

水热法合成红宝石获新进展

由广西宝石研究所承担的科研项目水热法合成红宝石专用设备的研制及实验又获新进展.在高温高压条件下,采用人工合成无色蓝宝石作籽晶片,合成出了尺寸达15×50×17mm,重达20.4克的高质量红宝石晶体,晶体呈厚板状(2243)、(1011)、(0001)等晶面显露,颜色为红色略带玫瑰色的鲜红色,二色性强,晶莹透明.该研究初步掌握了籽晶片切向,致色剂形成等因素对晶体质量和颜色的影响,可有效抑制裂纹的产生.     

石英晶体的条纹缺陷及其对透过率的影响

采用正交偏光条纹检测仪观察了水热法生长的光学石英晶体中的条纹缺陷,分析了光学石英晶体中条纹缺陷产生的原因和对晶体样品的透过率的影响。结果表明:晶体中的条纹缺陷主要是由在生长过程中籽晶中缺陷的遗传和高压釜中局部生长条件变化引起的。有条纹和无条纹缺陷晶体在400～800nm波段存在最高吸收峰,800～2500nm波段存在最低吸收峰。有条纹缺陷和无条纹缺陷晶体样品的透过率存在0.64%的差异。     

桂林水热法合成红宝石与其它红宝石内部特征的鉴别

对桂林水热法合成红宝石的内部特征进行研究,并分析它与天然红宝石或其它方法合成的红宝石在内部鉴定特征上的区别.     

KDP/DKDP晶体生长研究近况

本文综述了近年来KDP和DKDP晶体生长的研究状况.为了生长大尺寸高质量的KDP和DKDP晶体,在传统溶液降温法的基础之上,研究者发明了循环流动法,连续过滤法,SR生长方法,蠕动泵加入法,光育法等一些列的新的生长方法.与此同时,籽晶形态的改进在一定程度上也实现了高效生长高质量晶体的目的.在KDP和DKDP晶体生长稳定性的影响因素研究方面,如原料的纯度,生长温度的控制,籽晶的质量和引入方式,溶液的水动力条件,溶液的氘化程度以及溶液的过饱和度等则为进一步实现生长大尺寸高质量的晶体奠定了科学的基础.另外,利用添加剂、掺质和后处理等手段进一步提高了晶体的质量.     

利用水热法和添加籽晶制备纳米AlOOH粉体

以Al(NO3)3·9H2O和氨水为原料,以水为反应介质,采用水热法制备纳米AlOOH粉体.通过DSC/TG和XRD分析了不同热处理温度下粉体的晶型转变和成分.利用SEM和粒度仪分析了不同水热温度以及不同籽晶对晶粒形貌的影响.结果表明,当水热反应温度低于380℃时,所获得的粉体成分均为AlOOH,颗粒均为纳米尺度;水热反应温度的提高有利于获得形貌规则的晶粒;加籽晶比不加籽晶所得粉体的粒径小且分布均匀;加纳TiO2作籽晶比加纳米α-Al2O3作籽晶所得粉体的粒径小.     

水热法紫色水晶的生长

报道了水热法人工紫色水晶生长研究的结果。采用KoH+NH_4F混合水溶液为反应介质,以可溶性铁盐为掺杂物,选用r切籽晶,并调节其它工艺条件,水热条件下可制得经γ射线辐照着色均匀且较深的人工紫水晶晶体。     

籽晶处理工艺对物理气相传输法生长SiC单晶的影响

将块体SiC单晶中切割下的晶片经研磨、抛光和腐蚀不同工艺处理后作为籽晶,用物理气相传输法生长SiC晶体,生长时间为10min。用光学显微镜观察晶片生长前后的形貌,讨论了不同处理工艺籽晶对晶体生长的影响。结果表明,研磨和抛光可以去除晶体切割时产生的凹坑和划痕,但残留的研磨变质层和抛光导致的机械损伤层可诱导晶片在高温晶体生长时产生多晶成核,腐蚀可以去除研磨和抛光时产生的机械损伤层,用腐蚀后的晶片作为籽晶,生长的晶体表面光滑,并且能够很好地复制籽晶的结构。     

籽晶在湿化学法制备a-Al2O3微粉过程中的作用

在湿化学法制备a-Al2O3微粉过程中，引入a-Al2O3, a-Fe2O3等籽晶，可以控制a-Al2O3粉末的粒度及颗粒形状，增加相变速度，降低晶相转换温度，因而可以降低水热法制备a-Al2O3微粉的成本，使水热法制备氧化铝实现工业生产成为可能. 本文结合笔者的研究工作，总结了国内外在此方面的研究情况，就籽晶在水热法制备a-Al2O3微粉过程中所起的作用作一综合评述.     

当前合成宝石国际市场的发展动态

合成宝石指与天然宝石物理化学性质相同的人造合成宝石.目前,市场上常见的合成宝石有:合成钻石、合成红宝石、合成蓝宝石、合成祖母绿、合成尖晶石、合成金红石、合成欧泊、合成紫晶等.常见的制作方法有焰熔法、熔融法、水热法和助熔剂熔化生长法,其中,以水热法生长工艺最为复杂,合成出来的晶体在外观方面更接近优质天然宝石,因而在国际市场上更受消费者欢迎,价格也相对较高.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

聚酰亚胺的合成法

本文评述了缩聚型聚酰亚胺的主要合成方法和近年来国际上在合成中所做的探索。