浅谈当代视觉影像中的建筑与空间创作

在视觉影像时代,在虚拟现实的数字网络时代,建筑与空间扩展出更多在视觉影像上的内涵。视觉影像中的建筑及空间设计在一定程度上是实体建筑在物质性上的延续,同时又成为其在观念范畴内超越现实的拓展。文章旨在对视觉影像中出现的建筑及空间设计进行一定研究,以分析视觉影像中的建筑及空间设计的现状,阐释其背后所蕴含的文化传播的极大潜力,以及虚拟与实体建筑之间的关系。     

基于视知觉的建筑空间的心理分析——以凹舍为例

该文基于格式塔心理学的视知觉,分析了视知觉的完形性、相似性、接近性这三大特性,并从这三大视知觉特性出发总结出设计方法,运用于凹舍建筑空间的解读,从心理的角度分析在视知觉作用下建筑空间的形成,此时反映出来的是人们在不同空间里产生的丰富心理世界。通过此方法设计出来的建筑空间,理性又不失感性,能使人们对其有一个更加全面和深入的认知。建筑师若能从心理的角度出发,设计出的建筑空间也将更容易被人们领悟及感知。     

基于视知觉理论的幼儿园室内空间色彩设计研究

随着素质教育的发展,人们越来越认识到环境对人潜移默化的影响,同时幼儿园建筑空间是幼儿生活学习的重要场所,但目前很多幼儿园在建筑空间色彩设计中忽视了科学性的色彩选择。色彩作为幼儿园环境中重要的要素之一,直接关系到幼儿的感受,以及他们的心理状态。文章先是介绍了视知觉理论的基本概念,再从幼儿视知觉的感知特性着手,通过实际案例分析探究视知觉效应在幼儿园建筑空间色彩设计中的运用。     

视知觉与商业建筑内部空间营造——广州太古汇大型购物中心建筑内部空间的视知觉动力

广州太古汇是由建筑公司Arquitectonica设计的商业建筑综合体。本文以其大型购物中心为例,首先从动力方面分析了使用者的视知觉和心理感受。然后结合视知觉特性充分考虑,从建筑空间的边界、导向和序列、光影、色彩、材质、符号等建筑空间形态要素及其表达进行了分析介绍。太古汇在很多方面值得借鉴和参考,尤其是如何利用艺术手段和设计方法创造出优的视觉效应,塑造人性化的内部商业空间。     

浅谈建筑空间的视知觉表达

对建筑空间中人的视知觉进行了研究,并对比例、尺度、序列、图和底的关系,光影、色彩、材质、符号等建筑空间形态要素及其表达进行了分析介绍,指出建筑师是利用空间中视知觉的规律和特点,用空间形态的语言来表达其设计思想,从而在设计当中自然得以体现。     

医院公共空间视觉环境的设计研究

随着医学观念的更新,视觉环境作为一种特殊的心理治疗手段已经成为人们日渐所关注的焦点。本文旨在视知觉、行为心理学以及建筑环境学等理论知识的指导下为病人创造良好的康复条件。将创造良好的视觉环境深入渗透到建立有序的建筑空间体系和视觉环境整体效应的塑造中去,提升医院公共空间环境的“视知觉”品质。     

基于视知觉理论的住宅建筑人工光环境设计研究

住宅是最能体现人们生活及精神需求的场所。作为建构建筑空间的一大要素的光,借助住宅建筑空间形体的虚实,为空间赋予个性和生命。由此可见,光照不再仅仅为满足居住者视看的生理需要。本文尝试拓展视野,阐述视知觉理论的特性,研究在视知觉理论下光环境设计的目标要求,探讨如何应用视知觉理论对住宅室内人工光环境进行人性化设计。     

建筑形象视觉显著点的建构方法

文中论述了建筑形象视觉显著点的建构方法，指出建筑形象视觉显著点的建构应该遵循视知觉心理规律，在多元化的背景下求新求变。     

格式塔视知觉理论与城市雕塑环境空间的设计原则

该文在提出了我国当前城市雕塑摆放空间普遍设计水准不高的现状后,对"格式塔心理学"的视知觉理论进行了简要的阐释,运用其理论对城市雕塑环境空间的设计问题进行探讨,归纳出五个原则,并对城市雕塑环境空间设计实践进行指导.     

基于阿恩海姆视知觉理论的超高层建筑视觉比例初探

由于超高层项目的特殊性,超高层建筑高宽比尺寸受到多方因素限制.当有需求时,可以利用视知觉理论改变建筑视觉比例,以达到预期的视觉效果.文章针对国内已建成超高层建筑,对其比例尺寸及相关因素进行了数据统计等工作,并基于鲁道夫·阿恩海姆视知觉理论的研究,总结改变建筑视觉比例的方法,希望能为聚焦建筑比例的设计工作提供一定的参考.     

Visual perception of tree forms

This study, made in the cities of Adapazar?, Duzce, and Bolu, has three fundamental goals. The first one is the evaluation of visual quality and strength of each tree form, second is the determination of visual quality and strength of different tree forms next to each other, and the third goal of this study is determining the effects of personal characteristics to the perception of tree forms. To reach these three goals the semantic differential method was used to evaluate graphical visions of tree forms. According to the findings, trees with pyramid forms have the most effective visual quality and strength. Pyramid-formed tree combinations have higher visual quality and strength than mixed combinations do. At the same time personal characteristics are effective on the visual perception of tree forms. A strong relationship between the amount of area per person in the cities the participants live in and their visual perception of tree forms has been found.     

Relationship between landscape visual attributes and spatial pattern indices: A test study in Mediterranean-climate landscapes

The analysis of the relationships between landscape visual quality and landscape structural properties is an active area of environmental perception research. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between landscape spatial pattern and the rating of visual aesthetic quality. Eight landscape photographs were evaluated for 11 visual attributes by 98 respondents. The scores obtained for these 11 attributes were subjected to principal components analysis in order to summarize the qualities used by the respondents and thus determine their visual preferences. For each photograph, three window sizes were defined (with respect to a landcover map) to cover the different areas corresponding to the visual field (foreground, mid-ground and background). The landscape spatial structure for each window was analyzed using spatial metrics. The correlation between each dimension and the spatial pattern indices of the landscape were then calculated. Positive correlations were obtained between visual aesthetic quality and a number of landscape pattern indices. The results suggest that landscape heterogeneity might be an important factor in determining visual aesthetic quality.     

Assessing public preferences for design and environmental attributes of an urban automated transportation system

This study investigates public preferences toward design and environmental aesthetic attributes of an automated transportation system—Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) in an urban setting. The goal of the study was to understand the perceived visual aesthetic quality of the PRT within diverse architectural and natural elements composing the town's main spatial and visual structure and to separate the various components that determine a cumulative visual experience. We utilized human perceptual judgments as indicators of visual aesthetic quality, and referred to a psychophysical method to assess the perceived visual aesthetic quality of the scenes. Perceptions were captured using a rank ordering process of most and least preferred scenes on presented panels and responses were analyzed using correlation and regression statistical techniques. Results indicate that specific design attributes such as pillar shape or size, and type of fascia, did not emerge as significantly influencing public perception, while the relationship between automated structure and vehicular infrastructure, and the position of the observer are particularly important. Overall findings indicate that studies conducted on automated transportation should consider the effect of context on the perception of the system. The findings improve our understanding of visual strengths and weaknesses of automated transportation structures within the urban environment and can be useful in the planning for similar transportation systems.     

境由心生——浅析视觉心理作 用下的当代建筑

建筑是一门视觉艺术,本文以人最平常的视觉和心理活动为基础,探索当代建筑艺术和视觉心理感受之间的关系,以科学的方法解释了当代建筑借助视觉心理规律而呈现的美感,并阐述了视觉心理在观者认知建筑艺术行为中所起到的重要作用。     

基于视觉心理学的形态构成分析——以大湍城艺术博物馆为例

本文从视觉心理学角度出发,分析了视知觉的基本要素特征,界定了视觉感知、视觉思维、视觉抽象以及视觉心理四个概念。同时,以建筑的平面、立面、剖面为基准,解析了美国密歇根州市中心大湍城艺术博物馆的形态构成,其构成规律符合建筑形态构成理论中的八个基本点。希望人们从中获得某种启示,并能够以某种理性的态度来认识和掌握建筑形态的构成。     

Integrating eye-movement analysis and the semantic differential method to analyze the visual effect of a traditional commercial block in Hefei,China

Eye-movement analysis was adopted to evaluate the visual perception of Chinese traditional commercial blocks, and the Chenghuangmiao block in Hefei, China, was selected as a typical case. Eye-movement data from 40 respondents viewing 14 sample pictures were recorded. The spatial elements of the sample pictures, including landmarks and commercial brands, were further extracted to analyze the visual characteristics of spatial elements and the factors that affect the respondents’ perceptions of those elements. Then, the semantic differential method was used to analyze the relationship between visual preferences and psychological perceptions of spatial elements. Seventeen pairs of opposing adjectives were selected to score the intrinsic properties and visitors’ feelings of spaces. The software SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze these data. Results showed that distinctive spatial elements, such as street corridors, Ma Tau Walls, and various landmarks, were the most visually attractive. In addition, the location of a given element within a picture was an important factor affecting eye movements. On this basis, strategies for improving spatial-visual effects are proposed. The strategies include emphasizing the visual characteristics of different spatial elements, considering the overall layout of spatial elements, and creating diversified spaces based on different spatial categories.     

The emerging role of visual resource assessment and visualisation in landscape planning in Switzerland

The evolution of our understanding of landscape planning and therefore of landscape as a visual resource occurred in parallel with the changes of perception of spatial planning (urban and regional planning), since landscape planning is part of spatial planning. Already in the 1970s the visual landscape was an issue in spatial planning. This can be traced back to the romantic period when the close emotional ties with one’s home country were very important.With the emerging discussion at the end of the 1970s about ecology and ecological planning, more and more the components of natural science of ecological planning were discussed, at the expense of the visual landscape and aesthetics. With the improvement of the possibilities of the digital 3-dimensional (3D) representation of landscape, it seems that landscape as visual resource has once again become more important in the discussion. 3D visualisation will support participation in the planning process and will become an important part of decision support systems in spatial planning. The use of virtual landscapes will help to study processes in the landscape such as fragmentation of landscape and/or urban sprawl.     

视觉文化透镜下的建筑视觉因素分析

视觉文化作为一门新的研究领域。试图用全新视角来思考以图像为中心的文化危机。文章在视觉文化研究基础上,分析视觉因素的三种取向,即视觉规律、视觉行为和视觉机制。进而将其与建筑相关联,分别从“视知觉”的对象、“看与被看”的场所以及“视觉性”的载体三方面。探讨建筑视觉因素的作用、表达方式及深层内涵,借此回应建筑学中关于视觉因素的迷惘状态,并为当代建筑设计提供新的视野。     

视知觉下的主体特征表现——大众与精英认知差异

为探讨在视知觉认知建筑的过程中,作为主体的“人”由于经验、背景、专业程度都不尽相同,在认知过程中会出现视认知差异,进而从视知觉的角度可以将主体分为“大众”与“精英”两类,并总结出各自在认知建筑客体过程中的不同视知觉特性。