Biomaterials supported CdS nanocrystals

CdS quantum dot materials were prepared through a simple room temperature deposition of CdS nanocrystals on biomaterials including starch and chitosan. Materials obtained were found to contain differently distributed CdS nanocrystals on the surface of the biopolymers, making them potentially interesting for biomedical applications as contrast agents and/or in photocatalysis.     

CdS半导体纳米晶的生长及其光谱研究

用玻璃沉淀技术制备了含过饱和CdS的玻璃固溶体,在一定条件下晶化处理使其长出CdS量子点,并采用了X射线衍射、高分辨扫描电镜、光吸收谱和荧光发光光谱等测试手段分析其性能,结果表明经过晶化处理可以在玻璃中长出CdS量子点,尺寸大约为10～25nm,吸收谱中出现明显的红移现象,反映出量子点的量子限域效应,荧光发光图谱中可以看出量子点发光主要由带隙发光和表面缺陷态发光组成,提高热处理温度可以改善晶粒的完整性.     

核壳结构CdS/ZnS荧光量子点的制备与荧光性能研究

以氧化镉为镉源、硫单质为硫源、油酸为配体、在十八烯体系中合成单分散的CdS纳米颗粒,研究了配体浓度对纳米微粒的生长动力学、颗粒尺寸分布的影响.采用乙基黄原酸锌作为Zn、S源的反应前体,采用逐滴滴加的方法制备了具有核壳结构的CdS/ZnS量子点,吸收光谱和荧光光谱表明CdS/ZnS纳米粒子比单一的CdS纳米粒子具有更优异的发光特性.透射电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射、X射线光电子能谱、选区电子衍射证明ZnS在CdS表面进行了有效包覆.所制备核壳结构纳米粒子具有较好的尺寸分布,荧光发射峰半高峰宽为18～20nm,荧光量子产率达40%.     

复合结构纳米晶CdS：Cu/CdS的制备及光学特性

在非配位溶剂中合成了高质量的CdS纳米晶核,并利用Cu2+离子对其进行掺杂,制备了CdS:Cu纳米晶.通过进一步采用连续离子层吸附反应的方法对CdS:Cu纳米晶进行表面修饰,得到CdS:Cu/CdS复合结构纳米晶.利用X射线衍射(XRD),透射电镜(TEM),紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和荧光光谱(PL)对其结构、形貌以及光学性质进行了表征和分析,结果表明:所制备的复合结构CdS:Cu/CdS纳米晶为立方闪锌矿结构;与CdS纳米晶核相比,掺杂Cu2+可以使其表面态发光发生红移;在CdS:Cu纳米晶中,通过改变掺杂Cu2+的浓度,可以实现表面态发光在570和620nm之间的连续调节.与未经包覆的CdS:Cu纳米晶相比,包覆层CdS增强了纳米晶CdS:Cu的稳定性.     

Preparation and luminescence properties of spin-coated PMMA films containing Si nanocrystallites

We report on the synthesis of Si nanocrystallites by pulsed laser ablation in toluene followed by the preparation of composite films with PMMA and their luminescence studies. Transmission electron microscopy images show that the sizes of silicon nanocrystallites vary from about 4 nm down to below 1 nm. The composite films exhibit strong emissions with their spectral peaks continuously moving from 387 to 506 nm when the excitation wavelength varies from 300 to 440 nm, in accordance with the quantum confinement effect. Their time-resolved photoluminescence spectra reveal a multi-exponential decay, implying that the light emission may be also related to some surface states.     

Preparation of lanthanide doped CdS, ZnS quantum dots in natural polysaccharide template and their optical properties

Employing a biomimic method using polysaccharide as template, luminescent lanthanide ions doped CdS and ZnS quantum dots (QDs) were prepared. According to the results of TEM and absorbance, nanocrystals with an average size of 6 nm were formed under mild condition without any toxic and expensive agent applied. Differentiating from the un-doped CdS and ZnS QDs prepared in polysaccharide template, the lanthanide doped QDs exhibited obvious dopant emission in their photoluminescence spectrum. It was also found that the dopant PL became more prominent with increasing lanthanide doping concentration, while the highest PL intensity was obtained at a doping level of 1% for both of CdS and ZnS QDs. When different lanthanide ions were introduced into the CdS QDs in polysaccharide template, varied emission wavelength were able to be obtained. This study provides an easy, mild and environmental friendly alternative method to prepare doped quantum dots. In addition, the bioactivity and processabilities endowed by the polysaccharide template may expand the applications potential of this type of optical materials.     

Fabrication and optical properties of Sb-doped CdS nanowires

Sb-doped CdS nanowires with an average diameter of 30 nm and lengths of up to 20-30 μm are fabricated by chemical vapor approach. The as-synthesized products have a single-crystal phase and grow along the <011> direction. The growth of Sb-doped CdS nanowires is suggested for Quasi-vapor-solid mechanism (QVSM). In particular, the PL spectra show enhancing emission peaks that strongly shift to long wavelength (up to 55 nm redshift) with a doping Sb where Sb-doped CdS nanowires are found to be responsible for the different characteristics. The PL mechanism is explained in detail.     

Preparation and characterization of KGM/CdS nanocomposite film with low infrared emissivity

In this research, novel organic-inorganic nanocomposite films of Konjac glucomannan (KGM) and CdS were prepared by one-step synthesis. As-prepared films were characterized by IR, TEM and SEM. The results indicated that hexagonal CdS nanoparticles with the sizes of 10 to 100 nm were well dispersed in KGM. The infrared emissivities of the films were characterized by IR-1 infrared emissivity instrument. As results showed, the KGM/CdS nanocomposite films had significantly lower infrared emissivity (8-14 μm), meanwhile when the size of KGM nanoparticles was between 10 and 20 nm and the mole ratio of CdS to KGM was 1.2:1, the film got the lowest infrared emissivity value of 0.011, which would be attributed to the strong synergism effect existing between KGM and CdS nanoparticles.     

CdS/TiO2纳米棒阵列复合材料的制备及其光电化学特性

以水热法在氟掺杂的氧化锡透明导电玻璃(FTO)上制备的TiO₂纳米棒阵列为衬底, 通过连续化学水浴沉积(S-CBD)法将CdS量子点 (QDs)沉积在TiO₂纳米棒上, 形成CdS/TiO₂阵列复合材料。分别利用高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、 场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、 X射线衍射(XRD)和紫外可见光谱(UV-vis)等对样品的形貌、 晶型以及光吸收性能进行了表征。结果表明, TiO₂纳米棒阵列长度约为2.9 μm, CdS QDs的尺寸大约在5~9 nm。随着沉积层数的增加, CdS QDs的厚度增加, 同时伴随着光吸收边的红移。通过电流-电压特性曲线对其光电流-电压特性进行了分析, 发现光电流和光电转换效率均呈现出先增大后减小的规律。100 mW/cm²的光照下, 在S-CBD为7层时, 光电流和开路电压最大值分别达到2.49 mA·cm^-2和1.10 V, 而电池的效率达到最大值1.91%。     

有机-无机复合CdS纳米晶的制备及表征

本文采用液液两相法,在甲苯、甲醇和水两相体系中制备了烷基硫醇和芳杂环硫醇修饰的有机-无机复合的CdS半导体纳米晶.通过紫外可见吸收光谱、X-射线光电子能谱、X-射线粉末衍射、透射电子显微镜、元素分析和热重分析检测手段对样品的结构和组成进行了表征.结果表明:该方法所制备的硫化镉纳米晶是由无机纳米核及通过化学键吸附在其表面的硫醇分子所组成.纳米晶的平均粒径约为5nm,尺寸均匀,稳定性高,在空气中可长时间保存.     

功能化CdS纳米晶的合成及CdS/聚苯乙烯纳米杂化材料的研究

以氯化镉和硫化钠为原料,采用巯基乙醇为有机配体,在H2O/DMF的溶剂中,制得分散均匀且表面富含羟基基团CdS纳米晶溶液.我们使用γ-甲基丙烯氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPS)来修饰CdS纳米晶的表面,得到双键官能团化的CdS纳米晶.通过原位自由基聚合方法,成功地得到了聚苯乙烯基CdS纳米晶复合材料.利用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见光吸收光谱仪(UV-vis)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、热重分析仪(TGA)、荧光光谱 (PL) 考察了CdS纳米晶及CdS/聚苯乙烯复合材料的结构和光学性能的关系规律.结果表明巯基乙醇表现出良好的光学性能,其配体不是简单的物理吸附于纳米晶表面,而是以化学键的形式和纳米晶表面镉原子相结合.相比于纯的聚苯乙烯材料,聚苯乙烯基CdS纳米晶材料表现出良好的光学和热学性能.     

微混合模块合成CdS量子点方法研究

以CdS量子点的合成为考察对象,分别使用梳型和级联两种混合模块搭建了连续操作的微反应系统,比较了两种模块的混合效果,通过优化前躯体流速和停留时间获得了理想的合成工艺,使得量子点的尺寸分布极窄。     

水热法制备CdS纳米结构

利用氯化镉(CdC12)、硫脲(CO(NH2)2)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),在水热条件下获得了玉米棒状和花状等不同形貌的CdS纳米结构.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、荧光发光光谱(PL)、紫外可见光分光光度计(UV-vis)对产物进行表征.结果表明:PVP对不同形貌CdS纳米结构的形成起关键作用,随着PVP量的增加,PVP选择性地吸附(102)晶面,抑制了该(102)晶面方向的生长,使产物的形貌由玉米棒状转变为花状;而花状纳米结构的紫外的吸收产生了红移现象,荧光性能无明显变化.     

CdS/SBA-15纳米粉体的制备、表征

采用二次修饰的方法,在介孔分子筛SBA-15中制备了CdS纳米团簇,即首先在SBA-15的合成过程中引入Cd2+,然后再通入H2S气体制备了CdS/SBA-15纳米粉体,并且用XRD,EDS,UV-vis,TEM等表征方法对其进行了表征。实验证明,可以通过控制Cd2+的加入量来控制CdS纳米团簇的大小,而且所制备的CdS纳米团簇稳定性较好,在组成上表现出非整比的特点,并且与CdS本体相比有明显的蓝移。     

利用水溶性聚合物PVP作稳定剂合成CdS、CdSe半导体纳米晶体

以水溶性聚合物聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)作分散剂,在水相溶液中制备CdS/PVP纳米粒子.通过控制水溶液体系的pH值或者分散剂含量,实现了纳米粒子从球形到棒状的转变;同时探讨了Cd/S比值变化对纳米粒子结构的影响.利用原子力显微镜(AFM)表征CdS/PVP纳米体系的形貌,并进一步利用透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和粉末X-射线衍射(XRD)等对其结构进行了分析和研究.     

CdS/ZnO复合颗粒的制备与电致发光性能

以sol-gel法制备了ZnO前驱体,并通过水热反应得到了CdS/ZnO复合颗粒.采用红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)表征其结构、组成及形貌,并对其电致发光(EL)特性进行表征.结果表明CdS纳米晶生长在ZnO基体上;EL谱表明没有煅烧的CdS/ZnO复合颗粒表现为CdS的激子发射,发光强度较纯CdS有了明显的提高;而煅烧后的CdS/ZnO复合颗粒则表现为ZnO的缺陷发射,发光谱的半高宽较纯ZnO有所减小.     

树形分子包覆硫化镉量子点的抗老化性能研究

以聚酰胺-胺树形分子为模板制备了平均粒径为2.5nm的CdS量子点, 采用HRTEM、EDS、UV-vis、PL等手段对样品进行表征, 研究了其在室温避光条件下的老化过程. 结果表明, CdS量子点在刚制备的前5d里UV-vis、PL谱峰半峰宽变窄, 发光效率迅速上升, 表明量子点以尺寸窄化生长为主; 5d后UV-vis、PL谱峰半峰宽逐渐宽化, 发光效率缓慢下降, 表明量子点以尺寸宽化(Ostwald 熟化)过程为主. 树形分子的配位作用和模板作用赋予CdS量子点良好的抗老化性能, 6个月后量子点粒径增量<0.3nm, PL强度约降低22%.     

Electrochemical fabrication of cadmium telluride quantum dots using porous anodized aluminum on a silicon substrate

A uniform array of uniformly sized cadmium telluride quantum dots is fabricated in this work. A practical multilayer template, composed of a silicon substrate, several metal layers and porous anodized aluminum is used as a mold to electrochemically grow II-VI semiconductor quantum wires. Only standard silicon processing and in situ electrochemical techniques are used to fabricate the template and quantum dots without the need for thin film handling procedures. Fabrication procedures are described and structural characterization using scanning electron microscopy and optical characterization using luminescence are performed. The extension of this technique to the fabrication of quantum wires and quantum wire heterostructures and superlattices, is discussed.     

Preparation of CdS doped carbon nanotubes and their electrochemical properties

A CdS doped carbon nanotube sol was synthesised by the sol-gel technique and applied to a titanium plate to synthesise a composite electrode. Energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the electrodes contain CdS. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the carbon nanotubes were uniformly dispersed on the surface of the plate. A two-chamber microbial fuel cell was constructed using the electrode as the anode, flexible graphite as the cathode and glucose solution as the substrate in the anode chamber. The effects of CdS dose, glucose concentration and temperature on the cell efficiency and organic degradation have been analysed. At 313 K, the two-chambered fuel cell possessed the optimum output voltage of 906 mV, with a power of 19·6 mW m^?2 and a removal rate of 81% for chemical oxygen demand in treatment of wastewater. The composite electrode was found to be stable and to perform reproducibly.