等离子体法制备导电炭黑的过程与装备研究进展

综述了热等离子体工艺与低温等离子体工艺制备炭黑的发展历程,认为热等离子体裂解甲烷制备导电炭黑具有转化率高、产物结构好等优势,但高温导致的设备负担,及电极损耗问题亟待解决;而低温等离子体制备导电炭黑亦有反应体系温度低,能耗下降等优势,但缺陷是转化率不高,积碳现象严重。这两种工艺虽有待完善,但各方面均胜于燃烧式工艺。等离子体法裂解甲烷不仅可以制备多种碳纳米材料,还能得到氢气、乙炔等珍贵的化工原料。我国天然气资源丰富,该工艺潜力巨大,有待大力发展。     

等离子体裂解天然气制纳米炭黑和乙炔

利用200KW的中试装置，在常压下研究了天气然在氮热等离子体中的裂解行为，考察了输入功率、甲烷流量以及CH4／N2比对反应的影响。结果表明：天然气在氮热等离子体中发生了强烈的分解反应，生成大量炭黑和C2烃；CH4／N2为0．4，输人功率120千瓦时，炭黑的收率为42．0％，甲烷的转化率为97．1％；所制得的炭黑平均粒径38nm，分布范围狭窄；炭黑的DBF，吸收值1．40ml／g，是一种高结构性炭黑。红外光谱分析发现炭黑中存在芳香C-C键及大量氮基官能团如-NH、-CN等以及-CH，-OH，-COOH等。     

等离子体技术在碳氮膜制备中的应用

β-C3N4是Cohen等人从理论上预言的一种可能比金刚石更硬的物质,含有β-C3N4的碳氮膜具有优异的电学、光学和机械特性,在很多领域有应用前景.人们已经应用多种方法进行碳氮膜的制备.本文将对等离子体技术在碳氮膜制备中的应用进行综述,并在成膜速率、成膜质量等方面,对以往工作成果进行论述;最后将讨论沉积过程中几个参量对碳氮膜沉积速率、膜结构等的影响.     

导电炭黑及在橡胶中的应用

用于橡胶基质的导电填充剂主要是炭黑,此外还有碳纤维、金属粉、金属箔、不锈钢细丝等。本文主要对导电炭黑的种类特点以及在橡胶中的应用进行阐述。     

电弧等离子体法在纳米材料制备中的应用

电弧等离子体法可广泛用于多种纳米粉末、纳米管及纳米薄膜的制备。介绍了电弧等离子体法制备纳米材料的基本工作原理及其在制备各种纳米材料的应用，分析了电弧等离子体法的特点与优势，并展望了其发展前景。     

等离子体聚合技术在制备生物材料中的应用

近年来等离子体聚合技术在生物医学领域获得了越来越广泛的应用。首先介绍了等离子体聚合技术的仪器设计和沉积原理。之后总结了等离子聚合技术制备各种功能高分子薄膜的特点,以及它们在生物传感器、细胞培养载体以及抗蛋白吸附膜等领域的最新研究进展。最后讨论了等离子聚合技术将来的发展趋势。     

电弧等离子体法在纳米材料制备中的应用

电弧等离子体法可广泛用于多种纳米粉末、纳米管及纳米薄膜的制备.介绍了电弧等离子体法制备纳米材料的基本工作原理及其在制备各种纳米材料的应用,分析了电弧等离子体法的特点与优势,并展望了其发展前景.     

纳米接枝炭黑在橡胶中的应用

将炭黑聚集体在强大剪切力作用下打碎,并同时在其表面发生原位接枝反应,用得到的有机小分子接枝的纳米炭黑作为填料,添加到天然橡胶中。研究纳米炭黑对天然橡胶力学性能的补强作用以及填料在橡胶基体中的Payne效应。研究表明,纳米炭黑相对于普通炭黑对天然胶具有较好的补强作用以及分散性。     

等离子体技术在包装工业中的应用及其前景

等离子体科学和技术是一门与多门学科和技术相关的学科和技术,它的许多成果,在包装业中已得到了广泛应用.文中将等离子体技术在国内外包装行业中应用现状、应用前景,现代包装业发展以及对等离子体科学技术提出的新要求.在实验室这方面的工作情况和结果,做比较详细的报告.     

低温等离子体技术在表面改性中的应用进展

介绍了低温等离子体技术的性质、特点、表面改性原理,从表面处理、表面聚合、表面接枝三个方面综述了低温等离子体技术在表面改性中的应用进展。     

炭黑填充Lyocell纤维的制备及其用于炭纤维原丝的研究初探

为了提高Lyocell基炭纤维的得率及其力学性能，制备了不同含量炭黑填充的Lyocell纤维用做炭纤维原丝。采用X-衍射(WAXD)、热重分析(TGA)、扫描电镜(SEM)、强度仪等分析了试样的结构与性能。WAXD表明炭黑填充的LyoceH纤维仍然具有纤维素Ⅱ晶型的结构，同时还保留了炭黑的特征衍射峰；TGA表明该纤维热稳定性不变，添加质量分数为10％和30％炭黑的LyoceH纤维在1000℃时的碳得率可分别提高4．4％和17．1％：SEM显示该纤维表面光滑且截面为圆形，符合优质炭纤维原丝的要求；炭黑填充的Lyocell基炭纤维的WAXD图谱与一般Lyocell基炭纤维图谱不同。选择质量分数为10％的炭黑添加量制备出的Lyocell基炭纤维其强度和模量分别比未填充炭黑的Lyocell基炭纤维提高22％和42％，大样实验已制备出强度和模量分别为0．8GPa和70GPa的炭纤维。     

Dispersion kinetics of carbon black for the application in lithium-ion batteries

For production of electrodes for lithium-ion batteries, conductive carbon black (CB) has to be dispersed within the anode and cathode slurry. A sufficient dispersing degree has to be reached in order to ensure the formation of an adequate conductive network within the electrodes. As intermediate product, CB is dispersed in binder solution, prior to addition of active materials. As binder system on anode side carboxymethylcellulose in water is used, whereas on cathode side polyvinylidene fluoride in N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone is applied. The conductive carbon slurry facilitates the characterization of the slurry properties, based on changes of CB. The structure and amount of conductive carbon black influences the slurry properties decisively. Viscosity increases with increasing CB content, which affects the shear stress within the mixing process. Rheological properties and particle size distributions are investigated over time while dispersing CB with various tip speeds in a dissolver. Dispersion kinetics are described on behalf of an existing model for tip speed variations. Based on the investigations of rheological changes due to varying amount of CB, an extended model enclosing the CB concentration as variable was developed. Using the extended model, particle sizes for new process parameters can be predicted.     

添加炭黑和碳纳米管对酚醛树脂热解炭的结构及抗氧化性的影响(英文)

采用酚醛树脂为原料,分别以炭黑和碳纳米管作为改性添加剂制备酚醛树脂热解炭。利用差热分析(DSC)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)和压汞法孔径分析对酚醛树脂热解炭进行表征,探讨添加剂和热处理温度对树脂热解炭的结构和抗氧化性的影响。结果表明,碳纳米管和炭黑均可提高热解炭的石墨化度和抗氧化性;碳纳米管改性树脂热解炭的石墨化度高于炭黑改性树脂热解炭,但由于前者热解炭的显微结构中较高的气孔率,所以使其抗氧化性劣于后者。升高热处理温度同样可改善热解炭的抗氧化性和提高石墨化度。     

塑料用C364色素炭黑的结构与性能

采用光电子能谱、元素分析、红外光谱、裂解-气/质联用仪和扫描电镜等表征塑料用C364色素炭黑的结构,并用哈克转矩流变仪、老化试验箱等研究C364色素炭黑与聚乙烯(PE)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)等树脂复配后的加工性能、制品的力学性能和抗老化性能。结果表明:以炉法炭黑为基料通过沸腾床氧化器和旋转氧化器的两步臭氧氧化后,增加了产品炭黑粒子表面的羟基、羧基、羰基等官能团,提高了相应的性能。C364色素炭黑应用于PE、PVC、ABS等树脂中,其加工性能良好,制品的力学性能符合要求,能使PE的老化寿命延长10倍以上。     

超声波作用下炭黑的亲水性高分子聚合接枝

在超声波辐射作用下,用自由基聚合方法在炉法炭黑表面上接枝了聚丙烯酸及含磺酸基高分子的共聚高分子,并获得了相应炭黑接枝的优化条件（pH值、引发剂量、丙烯酸加入量和反应时间等）.借助XPS、FTIR及SEM等分析了炭黑接枝前后官能团的差异.结果表明：超声波作用下炭黑的聚丙烯酸接枝反应时间大大减少;接枝后获得的炭黑与水的亲合力、炭黑粒子之间的静电斥力都得到了很大提高,同时由于高分子的空间位阻,炭黑在水性体系中的分散稳定性得到了明显的改善.     

炭黑表面接枝改性在智能材料中应用

简要介绍了炭黑粒子表面接枝改性的几种方法及湿 /气 /汽敏材料的制备工艺。描述了功能化炭黑粒子 /聚合物复合材料对溶剂蒸汽、气体、湿度的响应机理及影响响应性的因素     

Self-sensing piezoresistive cement composite loaded with carbon black particles

Strain sensors can be embedded in civil engineering infrastructures to perform real-time service life monitoring. Here, the sensing capability of piezoresistive cement-based composites loaded with carbon black (CB) particles is investigated. Several composite mixtures, with a CB filler loading up to 10% of binder mass, were mechanically tested under cyclic uniaxial compression, registering variations in electrical resistance as a function of deformation. The results show a reversible piezoresistive behaviour and a quasi-linear relation between the fractional change in resistivity and the compressive strain, in particular for those compositions with higher amount of CB. Gage factors of 30 and 24 were found for compositions containing 7 and 10% of binder mass, respectively. These findings suggest that the CB-cement composites may be a promising active material to monitor compressive strain in civil infrastructures such as concrete bridges and roadways.     

Nitrogen-doped graphite encapsulated Fe/Fe_3C nanoparticles and carbon black for enhanced performance towards oxygen reduction

Non-noble metal(NNM) catalysts have recently attracted intensive interest for their high catalytic performance towards oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) at low cost.Herein,a novel NNM catalyst was synthesized by the simple pyrolysis of carbon black,urea and a Fe-containing precursor,which exhibits excellent ORR catalytic activity,superior durability and methanol tolerance versus the Pt/C catalyst in both alkaline and acidic solutions.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) characterizations demonstrate that the product is a nitrogen-doped hybrid of graphite encapsulated Fe/Fe_3C nanoparticles and carbon black.X-ray photoelectron spectrum(XPS) and electrochemical analyses indicate that the catalytic performance and chemical stability correlate closely with a nitrogen-rich layer on the Fe/Fe_3C nanoparticle after pyrolysis with presence of urea,leading to the same four-electron pathway towards ORR as the Pt/C catalyst.The hybrid is prospective to be an efficient ORR electrocatalyst for direct methanol fuel cells with high catalytic performance at low cost.     

碳黑、微珠粉填充UHMWPE摩擦学性能研究

比较了碳黑、微珠粉填充UHMWPE复合材料摩擦学行为,用MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机考察了载荷及对摩偶件粒度对碳黑、微珠粉填充UHMWPE复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜观察磨损表面形貌并分析了磨损机理.结果表明:碳黑可以提高UHMWPE抗磨损的性能,其耐磨性比纯UHMWPE好;而微珠粉填充UHMWPE的耐磨性比纯UHMWPE差,两种材料填充的UHMWPE磨损量随着载荷的增大而加大;对摩偶件的粒度对两种材料填充UHMWPE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能影响较大,偶件表面粒度增大,它们磨损量显著增大.两种材料填充UHMWPE复合材料的摩擦系数相近,且较纯UHMWPE的摩擦系数大,特别是载荷增大和对摩偶件粒度增大时,UHMWPE复合材料的摩擦系数急剧增大.     

The enhanced growth of multi-walled carbon nanotubes using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet

The growth of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) forests was investigated using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) system with a mixture of helium and acetylene gases. The MWCNT forests grown on Fe catalyst were compared with those grown on Ni. The growth of MWCNT forests using Fe as the catalyst was better than the growth of MWCNT forests using Ni. The MWCNT forests grown using Fe catalyst and with a plasma power of 30 W were about 17 ± 9% taller than for the plasma off. We were unable to grow MWCNTs using Ni catalyst with the plasma power off; but curly MWCNTs were grown using Ni catalyst if the plasma power was 30 W. It is found that MWCNT growth is enhanced using an APPJ. The height of the forests produced using this APPJ system was also better than that reported by other researchers using either CVD or PECVD systems.