Negotiating Dialogue Games

Recently in the field of agent communication, many authors have adopted the view of interaction as a joint activity regulated by means of dialogue games. It is argued in particular that this approach should increase the flexibility of dialogues by allowing a variety of game compositions. In this research note, we present a framework suited to this feature. A preliminary attempt to capture the negotiation phase (which allows agents to agree upon the dialogue game currently regulating their conversation) is discussed.     

Two Information Measures for Inconsistent Sets

I present two measures of information for both consistentand inconsistent sets of sentences in a finite language ofpropositional logic. The measures of information are based onmeasures of inconsistency developed in Knight (2002).Relative information measures are then provided corresponding to thetwo information measures.     

不相容信息系统的求核

对不相容信息系统不相容规则与差别矩阵元素项关系进行了分析，讨论了差别矩阵与核的关系并给出了相关定理．给出了一种差别矩阵的产生方法以及相关的求核算法．最后给出了应用举例．     

不协调目标信息系统的知识约简

在不协调目标信息系统中引入了最大分布约简的概念，讨论了最大分布约简、分配约简、分布约简和近拟约简之间的关系。最大分布 间弱于分布约简，克服了对信息系统过于苛刻的要求。同时，它又克服了分配约简可能产生与原系统不相容的命题规则的缺陷；给出了这些知识约简的判定定理和相应的可辨识属性矩阵，从而提供了不协调目标信息系统的知识约简的新方法。     

冲突信息条件下的装备故障诊断方法

针对冲突信息条件下的故障诊断难题,研究了基于近似表示空间的故障诊断方法;采用冲突诊断信息系统描述冲突故障信息,并将冲突诊断信息系统转化为近似表示空间,进而对其进行属性约简;设计了基于包含度的针对完备信息对象的故障诊断方法,采用向量补齐方法设计了针对不完备信息对象的近似表示空间故障诊断方法;最后,将该方法应用于航空发动机故障诊断,验证了该方法可有效处理冲突、不完备信息,显著提高了故障诊断准确率。     

基于WWW服务的大型运动会信息系统

首先简要介绍了Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ上的ＷＷＷ服务，然后基于第三届城市运动会的ＷＷＷ信息服务系统，详细地介绍了大型综合性运动会的ＷＷＷ系统的设计和实现过程。     

不协调信息系统快速属性分布约简方法

以条件信息熵为属性选择准则, 设计了基于哈希(Hash)分类的启发式后向贪心算法, 该算法以时间复杂度O (|A| |U| )求解不协调信息系统的分布约简, 其中|A| 是条件属性个数, |U| 是记录数, 并通过实验验证该算法的高效率.     

不协调格值目标信息系统的近似约简

针对不协调格值目标信息系统的属性约简问题,提出不协调格值目标信息系统上近似约简与下近似约简的概念,并得到2种约简的判定定理。给出求解上、下近似约简的辨识矩阵及约简方法。通过实例验证得出,该约简方法具有实效性,格值目标信息系统的值域最为广泛,适用于由属性值域构成格的信息系统     

大型运动会无线资讯系统

在大型运动会中为了使观众在现场观看比赛时能够获得全方位的资讯，开发了一种基于ARM嵌入式系统设计的无线多媒体资讯系统，介绍了终端系统音视频处理、资料的无线传输以及PC上位机应用层资料处理等各功能模块的工作原理，并分别从硬件结构、软件流程两个主要环节对系统实现过程进行说明，系统具有很好的应用前景。     

一种不一致不完备信息系统的最优选择及规则约简方法研究

在分析不一致不完备信息系统规则提取的基础上,提出了先将不完备信息系统分为一致的和不一致的信息系统后再求其最优选择的方法。然后利用改进的分辨矩阵对所求得的不一致最优选择进行决策规则提取,并给出不确定决策规则的决策精度。最后,通过应用例子证明了本文提出方法的有效性。     

Information Seeking Spoken Dialogue Systems— Part II: Multimodal Dialogue

For pt.1see ibid., vol. 9, p. 3 (2007). In this paper, the task and user interface modules of a multimodal dialogue system development platform are presented. The main goal of this work is to provide a simple, application-independent solution to the problem of multimodal dialogue design for information seeking applications. The proposed system architecture clearly separates the task and interface components of the system. A task manager is designed and implemented that consists of two main submodules: the electronic form module that handles the list of attributes that have to be instantiated by the user, and the agenda module that contains the sequence of user and system tasks. Both the electronic forms and the agenda can be dynamically updated by the user. Next a spoken dialogue module is designed that implements the speech interface for the task manager. The dialogue manager can handle complex error correction and clarification user input, building on the semantics and pragmatic modules presented in Part I of this paper. The spoken dialogue system is evaluated for a travel reservation task of the DARPA Communicator research program and shown to yield over 90% task completion and good performance for both objective and subjective evaluation metrics. Finally, a multimodal dialogue system which combines graphical and speech interfaces, is designed, implemented and evaluated. Minor modifications to the unimodal semantic and pragmatic modules were required to build the multimodal system. It is shown that the multimodal system significantly outperforms the unimodal speech-only system both in terms of efficiency (task success and time to completion) and user satisfaction for a travel reservation task     

不一致决策表信息熵约简与代数约简的核计算与转化

对不一致决策表,信息熵约简与代数约简有时会得到不同的属性约简和核属性,当前的方法多为先将不一致决策表转化为一致决策表,再对后者寻求高效算法.本文基于等价差别矩阵具有相同的核属性和属性约简的思想,提出一种以条件属性等价类构造简化的代数约简差别矩阵,从差别矩阵内部进行比较与分析,发现只须将信息熵约简差别矩阵中由同时为矛盾对象所产生的可辩识属性集剔除,即可转化为简化的代数约简差别矩阵,从而得到将信息熵约简核属性转化为代数约简核属性的新方法,理论分析与数值算例都验证了其正确性.     

基于优势关系下不协调目标信息系统的知识约简

在基于优势关系下不协调目标信息系统中引入了分配约简和近似约简的概念,并讨论了它们二者之间的关系,进一步给出了知识约简的判定定理和辨识矩阵,从而提供了在优势关系下不协调目标信息系统知识约简的具体操作方法。     

不协调优势目标信息系统的启发式下近似约简

基于不协调优势目标信息系统,给出刻画属性重要性的新指标,以该指标为启发式信息,提出一种新的下近似约简算法。该算法具有较大的灵活性,能从搜索空间逐次删除不重要属性,避免重复计算属性的重要性,从而提高搜索的效率,且时间复杂度较低。通过实例说明了该算法的有效性。     

面向对话的融入交互信息的实体关系抽取

实体关系抽取旨在从文本中抽取出实体之间的语义关系,是自然语言处理的一项基本任务.在新闻报道、维基百科等规范文本上,该任务的研究相对丰富且已取得了一定的效果,但面向对话文本的相关研究还处于起始阶段.相较于规范文本,对话是一个交互的过程,大量信息隐藏在交互中,这使得面向对话文本的实体关系抽取更具挑战性.依据对话的特点,该文...     

An Assessment of Written/Interactive Dialogue for Information Retrieval Applications

For the foreseeable future, natural language access to databases and other information systems will require the exchange of written messages between the system and user. Such written/interactive dialogue is unique, having the qualities of both written text and spoken discourse yet, also, differing significantly from both. In the present study, we used "Wizard of Oz" techniques to elicit written/interactive dialogue for information retrieval purposes. Our objectives in doing this were (a) to assess the general nature and prevalence of linguistic and dialogue phenomena within the written/interactive register and (b) to determine the impact of user interface shortcuts, such as precanned messages and patterned output, on both the complexity of written/interactive dialogue and general measures of user satisfaction. Our findings indicate that written/interactive dialogue for information retrieval would be very feasible. In spite of slow system response times, subjective reactions from the users were positive, the size of the lexicon used in the dialogues was small, the dialogues decomposed readily into hierarchical structures, and the number and distribution of anaphors were also rather reasonable. Two independent variables were also manipulated: (a) the degree of prefamiliarization given to participants about the base of travel information they would be accessing (i.e., the primer variable) and (b) the degree of constraint on the Wizard's ability to formulate natural language responses to the user (i.e., the natural language output variable). Failure to provide either a primer or a realistic, human natural language output made the dialogues more complex in a number of different ways.     

融合马尔科夫决策过程与信息熵的对话策略

对话策略是人机对话系统中的重要组成成分,其性能的优劣直接影响对话系统的性能.在面对完全没有数据的冷启动场景时,收集对话数据进行对话策略学习的过程非常复杂和耗时.为在冷启动场景下能够保持良好性能,提出一种融合马尔科夫决策过程与信息熵的对话算法.利用马尔科夫决策过程快速获得下一步最优对话状态,并结合知识库通过引入属性信息熵方法排除多个状态值函数相同的最优状态,从而获取最优的系统响应动作.在音乐搜索领域数据集上的实验结果表明,与随机策略、基于规则和基于信息熵的算法相比,该算法分别缩短了2.24、0.84和0.03个对话轮次,且能够有效提高对话任务完成率.     

融合马尔科夫决策过程与信息熵的对话策略

对话策略是人机对话系统中的重要组成成分,其性能的优劣直接影响对话系统的性能.在面对完全没有数据的冷启动场景时,收集对话数据进行对话策略学习的过程非常复杂和耗时.为在冷启动场景下能够保持良好性能,提出一种融合马尔科夫决策过程与信息熵的对话算法.利用马尔科夫决策过程快速获得下一步最优对话状态,并结合知识库通过引入属性信息熵方法排除多个状态值函数相同的最优状态,从而获取最优的系统响应动作.在音乐搜索领域数据集上的实验结果表明,与随机策略、基于规则和基于信息熵的算法相比,该算法分别缩短了2.24、0.84和0.03个对话轮次,且能够有效提高对话任务完成率.