A STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF VIBRATION ON MAN

The effects of vertical and horizontal mechanical vibrations up to 100 cycles per second on the human being were examined by physical and physiological methods. Resonance phenomena are described. A strain scale is given for vertical and horizontal vibration excitation. Special examinations of the movement of the head show elliptic vibrations in spite of linear excitation. Vibration measurements in a rail-motorcar provide an example for typical resonance phenomena of the mechanical system formed by a ‘ man sitting on a seat’.     

空域数据主动管理模式研究与实践

近年来大型机场投运、跑道改、扩建等引发的大范围空域调整逐渐增多,空域数据更新频率明显增加,亟待对现有办公机制进行优化。提出一种主动式管理方案,从组织模式、平台构建两方面入手进行研究,本文以华北地区空域管理为例进行研究与实践。     

浅谈水厂自动化中存在的问题及解决措施

结合对宜兴水务集团水厂及泵站自控设备的管理经验,对水厂自动化从设计、设备和管理等方面进行探讨并提出解决措施。     

空中交通流量管理系统效果评估指标分析

随着我国航空运输业的蓬勃发展及飞行流量的急剧增加,空中交通流量管理问题日益突出。对空中交通流量管理系统效果进行评估,需要从科学、客观、实用的角度来建立空中交通流量管理系统效果评估指标。文中根据目前国内外采用的空中交通流量评估指标,分别从含义、统计方法、计算方法、解决方案及意义等不同角度,对空中交通流量评估指标进行了分析和研究。     

空管自动化系统应用与维护探索

近年来,随着我国民用航空运输业的飞速发展和军航作训范围、数量、规模的日益扩大,对空域资源的使用变得越来越紧张,已经频繁出现因空中交通管制原因造成飞机“飞不出去”或“降不下来”等飞行矛盾.空管自动化系统是维持空中交通秩序、实现有效的空中交通安全管理、确保空中交通快速有序流动的指挥核心.以某军航空管“十五”管制中心系统为例,从使用与维护两个方面对其进行探讨,以期能使用好和维护好此系统.     

Experience of automation failures in training: effects on trust,automation bias,complacency and performance

This work examined the effects of operators’ exposure to various types of automation failures in training. Forty-five participants were trained for 3.5 h on a simulated process control environment. During training, participants either experienced a fully reliable, automatic fault repair facility (i.e. faults detected and correctly diagnosed), a misdiagnosis-prone one (i.e. faults detected but not correctly diagnosed) or a miss-prone one (i.e. faults not detected). One week after training, participants were tested for 3?h, experiencing two types of automation failures (misdiagnosis, miss). The results showed that automation bias was very high when operators trained on miss-prone automation encountered a failure of the diagnostic system. Operator errors resulting from automation bias were much higher when automation misdiagnosed a fault than when it missed one. Differences in trust levels that were instilled by the different training experiences disappeared during the testing session.

Practitioner Summary: The experience of automation failures during training has some consequences. A greater potential for operator errors may be expected when an automatic system failed to diagnose a fault than when it failed to detect one.     

Delphi与Office办公软件集成方法探讨

Delphi编程平台和Office办公软件具有互补的优势,可以将二者结合起来开发办公自动化软件。文章介绍并比较了几种Del-phi与Office软件集成的方式,并详细介绍了在Delphi中使用OLE自动化对象的代码实现。     

浅析空管自动化系统的软件质量保证

从软件开发、质量控制过程的角度分析和探讨了国产空管自动化系统在研制过程中软件的质量形成过程,包括过程控制和软件测试流程,同时分析了影响空管软件质量的因素.     

空中交通流量管理方法初探

空中交通管理是为解决空中交通拥挤而进行的系统化管理,文中介绍了空中交通流量管理的基本概念,并进行了流量管理方法的初探,同时提出了改善流量拥挤现状的环境和合理化建议。     

南屯选煤厂CIMS环境下的数据融合研究

提出了南屯选煤厂CIMS环境下的数据融合方案,给出了相应的数据融合体系结构,并分析了南屯选煤厂CIMS车间自动化分系统、调度管理分系统、决策管理分系统的数据融合过程及所采用的数据融合算法。该方案有利于提高选煤厂的综合管理水平。     

Driver-centred vehicle automation: using network analysis for agent-based modelling of the driver in highly automated driving systems

To the average driver, the concept of automation in driving infers that they can become completely ‘hands and feet free’. This is a common misconception, however, one that has been shown through the application of Network Analysis to new Cruise Assist technologies that may feature on our roads by 2020. Through the adoption of a Systems Theoretic approach, this paper introduces the concept of driver-initiated automation which reflects the role of the driver in highly automated driving systems. Using a combination of traditional task analysis and the application of quantitative network metrics, this agent-based modelling paper shows how the role of the driver remains an integral part of the driving system implicating the need for designers to ensure they are provided with the tools necessary to remain actively in-the-loop despite giving increasing opportunities to delegate their control to the automated subsystems.

Practitioner Summary: This paper describes and analyses a driver-initiated command and control system of automation using representations afforded by task and social networks to understand how drivers remain actively involved in the task. A network analysis of different driver commands suggests that such a strategy does maintain the driver in the control loop.     

Human factors assessment of conflict resolution aid reliability and time pressure in future air traffic control

Though it has been reported that air traffic controllers' (ATCos') performance improves with the aid of a conflict resolution aid (CRA), the effects of imperfect automation on CRA are so far unknown. The main objective of this study was to examine the effects of imperfect automation on conflict resolution. Twelve students with ATC knowledge were instructed to complete ATC tasks in four CRA conditions including reliable, unreliable and high time pressure, unreliable and low time pressure, and manual conditions. Participants were able to resolve the designated conflicts more accurately and faster in the reliable versus unreliable CRA conditions. When comparing the unreliable CRA and manual conditions, unreliable CRA led to better conflict resolution performance and higher situation awareness. Surprisingly, high time pressure triggered better conflict resolution performance as compared to the low time pressure condition. The findings from the present study highlight the importance of CRA in future ATC operations.

Practitioner Summary: Conflict resolution aid (CRA) is a proposed automation decision aid in air traffic control (ATC). It was found in the present study that CRA was able to promote air traffic controllers' performance even when it was not perfectly reliable. These findings highlight the importance of CRA in future ATC operations.     

2250mm热连轧主轧线自动化控制系统

介绍了2250mm热连轧生产线工艺设备组成及技术特点、自动化控制系统的构成,着重阐述了主轧线L1基础自动化控制系统和L2过程自动化控制系统的系统配置、应用功能。     

Strategies for designing distributed systems: case studies in the design of an air traffic management system

The air traffic management system in the USA is an example of a distributed problem-solving system. It has elements of both cooperative and competitive problem-solving. It includes complex organizations such as Flight Operations Centers, the FAA Air Traffic Control Systems Command Center (ATCSCC), and traffic management units at en route centers that focus on daily strategic planning, as well as individuals concerned more with immediate tactical decisions (such as air traffic controllers and pilots). The design of this system has evolved over time to rely heavily on the distribution of tasks and control authority in order to keep cognitive complexity manageable for any one individual operator, and to provide redundancy (both human and technological) to serve as a safety net to catch the slips or mistakes that any one person or entity might make. Within this distributed architecture, a number of different conceptual approaches have been applied to deal with cognitive complexity and to provide redundancy. These approaches can be characterized in terms of the strategy for distributing: (1) control or responsibility, (2) knowledge or expertise, (3) access to data, (4) processing capacity, and (5) goals and priorities. This paper will provide an abstract characterization of these alternative strategies for distributing work in terms of these 5 dimensions, and will illustrate and evaluate their effectiveness in terms of concrete realizations found within the National Airspace System.     

A metric for rating the effectiveness of industrial automation systems using a derivative of function point analysis

This paper describes the on-going design of a factory automation performance and satisfaction metric that is based on variations to the function point analysis (FPA) algorithm used in software engineering and analytical hierarchy process methodology common to systems engineering. The paper asserts that a satisfaction rating can be obtained for completed automation projects based on this tautology. The metric uses five high-level functional ratings, which are subdivided according to complexity criteria. The value of the metric is modified by calculating the effect of 14 appropriate adjustment factors. A level of configurability is added by weighting these factors to suit any specific installation. The scores and configuration data are elicited by averaging results obtained from a multi-part survey administered to four or five company employees selected from a wide range of job titles and responsibilities. A simple implementation of the algorithm was completed and an extension of the work will provide an Internet-based version and a diagnostic tool for company use.     

用于自由飞行冲突探测的Delaunay方法

简要介绍了Delaunay方法,这是广泛用于计算流体力学中的非结构网格生成方法之一。为便于实际应用,本文将自由飞行条件进行了合理的简化,然后详细论述了Delaunay方法用于冲突探测的数据处理过程。该方法能同时探测多架飞机之间发生的冲突和潜在冲突,减少不必要的距离探测,从而减少了计算量。最后通过对空域内的若干架飞机的飞行进行仿真模拟,证明了该方法进行冲突探测的有效性。     

基于分散自律体系的铁路运输计划与调度信息综合系统研发

对ADS技术进行了探讨,并结合在此基础上丌发的铁路运输计划与调度信息综合系统的软件设计过程与系统的最后实施应用,得出基于ADS的列车调度指挥系统具有在线可维护性、可扩展性与容错性等优点,并且将成为我国现代化行车调度指挥系统的理想解决模式。     

人工智能在空管中应用的研究进展

在民航飞速发展的同时,空中交通也变得更加复杂、快速、多变,与之相关的种种问题也逐渐显现。同时,作为近几年取得重大突破的计算机辅助技术,人工智能技术已经广泛地应用于多个领域。人工智能技术与传统的空管相结合,更有利于构建一个更加安全、有序、高效的智能化空中交通管理系统。本文主要从国内外空管发展现状、空管系统对人工智能技术的需求以及人工智能在空管系统的应用几个方面进行综述和分析,最后对人工智能技术在空中交通管理中应用所面临的挑战进行了分析和展望。