A STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF VIBRATION ON MAN

The effects of vertical and horizontal mechanical vibrations up to 100 cycles per second on the human being were examined by physical and physiological methods. Resonance phenomena are described. A strain scale is given for vertical and horizontal vibration excitation. Special examinations of the movement of the head show elliptic vibrations in spite of linear excitation. Vibration measurements in a rail-motorcar provide an example for typical resonance phenomena of the mechanical system formed by a ‘ man sitting on a seat’.     

空域数据主动管理模式研究与实践

近年来大型机场投运、跑道改、扩建等引发的大范围空域调整逐渐增多,空域数据更新频率明显增加,亟待对现有办公机制进行优化。提出一种主动式管理方案,从组织模式、平台构建两方面入手进行研究,本文以华北地区空域管理为例进行研究与实践。     

南屯选煤厂CIMS环境下的数据融合研究

提出了南屯选煤厂CIMS环境下的数据融合方案,给出了相应的数据融合体系结构,并分析了南屯选煤厂CIMS车间自动化分系统、调度管理分系统、决策管理分系统的数据融合过程及所采用的数据融合算法。该方案有利于提高选煤厂的综合管理水平。     

空中交通流量管理系统效果评估指标分析

随着我国航空运输业的蓬勃发展及飞行流量的急剧增加,空中交通流量管理问题日益突出。对空中交通流量管理系统效果进行评估,需要从科学、客观、实用的角度来建立空中交通流量管理系统效果评估指标。文中根据目前国内外采用的空中交通流量评估指标,分别从含义、统计方法、计算方法、解决方案及意义等不同角度,对空中交通流量评估指标进行了分析和研究。     

浅谈水厂自动化中存在的问题及解决措施

结合对宜兴水务集团水厂及泵站自控设备的管理经验,对水厂自动化从设计、设备和管理等方面进行探讨并提出解决措施。     

Some promises in the pitfalls of automated and autonomous vehicles: A response to commentators

My interlocutors have offered numerous and important responses to my target article. Here, I endeavour to respond to the issues raised. Despite some contentions over specifics, the overall tenor of these commentaries is one of general agreement. One particular challenge, as noted, is how to disseminate our discipline’s knowledge beyond the pages of our journals to effect the impact and change in the world to which we aspire. This is a challenge that transcends efforts solely associated with automated vehicles, but it may be in this specific realm that our science can offer its most widespread impact in the immediate, coming future.     

浅谈公文自动化系统在医院管理中的应用

本文从目前公文管理的现状出发,分析了存在的三种模式及其特点,并提出了公文自动化管理的困难与挑战;重点结合本单位公文自动化系统的探索与实践,论述应用该系统后取得的综合效益。     

办公自动化环境下医院档案管理探讨

档案管理在医院管理工作中占有重要地位,医院的行政管理、人事管理、病例档案管理等都需进行科学规范化分类管理。互联网技术的飞速发展创新和改革档案管理方式,高效档案管理方式能提升医院的整体管理水平,促进医院全面改革创新发展的方向。本文将以医院档案管理工作实现办公自动化情况分析,提出办公自动化医院档案管理可行性建议。     

交通微观仿真中车辆走行死锁问题研究

模拟交通冲突是道路交通微观仿真中的实现难点。该文描述了由于机动车辆对固定冲突点竞争而引起的“死锁”现象,分析了这种现象的产生机理。在评述现有解决方法的基础上,结合交通冲突的方式和固定冲突点的分布情况,给出了死锁模型和典型情况下预防死锁的算法,同时设定时间参数和车流量参数以便进行路口通行能力评价。最后针对有交通信号控制的十字路口进行仿真编程实现,仿真结果表明本算法对于机动车辆在固定冲突点的死锁预防是可行的,仿真效果与实际的车辆走行情况相吻合。     

Driver-centred vehicle automation: using network analysis for agent-based modelling of the driver in highly automated driving systems

To the average driver, the concept of automation in driving infers that they can become completely ‘hands and feet free’. This is a common misconception, however, one that has been shown through the application of Network Analysis to new Cruise Assist technologies that may feature on our roads by 2020. Through the adoption of a Systems Theoretic approach, this paper introduces the concept of driver-initiated automation which reflects the role of the driver in highly automated driving systems. Using a combination of traditional task analysis and the application of quantitative network metrics, this agent-based modelling paper shows how the role of the driver remains an integral part of the driving system implicating the need for designers to ensure they are provided with the tools necessary to remain actively in-the-loop despite giving increasing opportunities to delegate their control to the automated subsystems.

Practitioner Summary: This paper describes and analyses a driver-initiated command and control system of automation using representations afforded by task and social networks to understand how drivers remain actively involved in the task. A network analysis of different driver commands suggests that such a strategy does maintain the driver in the control loop.     

Strategies for designing distributed systems: case studies in the design of an air traffic management system

The air traffic management system in the USA is an example of a distributed problem-solving system. It has elements of both cooperative and competitive problem-solving. It includes complex organizations such as Flight Operations Centers, the FAA Air Traffic Control Systems Command Center (ATCSCC), and traffic management units at en route centers that focus on daily strategic planning, as well as individuals concerned more with immediate tactical decisions (such as air traffic controllers and pilots). The design of this system has evolved over time to rely heavily on the distribution of tasks and control authority in order to keep cognitive complexity manageable for any one individual operator, and to provide redundancy (both human and technological) to serve as a safety net to catch the slips or mistakes that any one person or entity might make. Within this distributed architecture, a number of different conceptual approaches have been applied to deal with cognitive complexity and to provide redundancy. These approaches can be characterized in terms of the strategy for distributing: (1) control or responsibility, (2) knowledge or expertise, (3) access to data, (4) processing capacity, and (5) goals and priorities. This paper will provide an abstract characterization of these alternative strategies for distributing work in terms of these 5 dimensions, and will illustrate and evaluate their effectiveness in terms of concrete realizations found within the National Airspace System.     

Human factors assessment of conflict resolution aid reliability and time pressure in future air traffic control

Though it has been reported that air traffic controllers' (ATCos') performance improves with the aid of a conflict resolution aid (CRA), the effects of imperfect automation on CRA are so far unknown. The main objective of this study was to examine the effects of imperfect automation on conflict resolution. Twelve students with ATC knowledge were instructed to complete ATC tasks in four CRA conditions including reliable, unreliable and high time pressure, unreliable and low time pressure, and manual conditions. Participants were able to resolve the designated conflicts more accurately and faster in the reliable versus unreliable CRA conditions. When comparing the unreliable CRA and manual conditions, unreliable CRA led to better conflict resolution performance and higher situation awareness. Surprisingly, high time pressure triggered better conflict resolution performance as compared to the low time pressure condition. The findings from the present study highlight the importance of CRA in future ATC operations.

Practitioner Summary: Conflict resolution aid (CRA) is a proposed automation decision aid in air traffic control (ATC). It was found in the present study that CRA was able to promote air traffic controllers' performance even when it was not perfectly reliable. These findings highlight the importance of CRA in future ATC operations.     

Differences between experts and novices in the monitoring of automated systems

In the future of aviation, operators will have to work with highly automated systems. This necessitates operators monitoring appropriately (OMA). Psychophysiological studies support the idea that eye movements offer an appropriate means for measuring the acquisition of visual information. A normative model for adequate monitoring behaviour was developed and eye movement parameters were defined to identify OMA. The normative model was validated by eye tracking studies with airline pilots and air traffic controllers. The present eye-tracking study focused on differences in monitoring behaviour between experts and novices. Results from 21 experts (experienced pilots and air traffic controllers) and 33 novices (applicants for jobs in aviation) are reported. Significant differences in monitoring behaviour between experts and novices were found. Experts allocate their attention more efficiently. Learning from experts’ monitoring of automated processes will be helpful in learning how to select successful trainees and provide them with appropriate training.     

呷村银多金属矿数字化建设的探讨

介绍了数字矿山的涵义,以及呷村银多金属矿数字化建设的技术背景、数字化建设的现状。论述了建设数字矿山的必要性。提出了呷村银多金属矿数字化建设的步骤和内容。     

空中交通管制自动化系统中飞行冲突概率解析算法的应用

由于空中交通管制指挥监测系统（ATCCMS）中航迹预估的不确定性,以它为基础的冲突探测就必须采用基于概率的算法,文中介绍了一个实用的求解冲突概率的解析算法,并用蒙特卡洛方法对它进行了验证,然后对飞行冲突概率的特性做了分析研究,描述了冲突概率应用于冲突报警和冲突求解的基本思想。     

人工智能在空管中应用的研究进展

在民航飞速发展的同时,空中交通也变得更加复杂、快速、多变,与之相关的种种问题也逐渐显现。同时,作为近几年取得重大突破的计算机辅助技术,人工智能技术已经广泛地应用于多个领域。人工智能技术与传统的空管相结合,更有利于构建一个更加安全、有序、高效的智能化空中交通管理系统。本文主要从国内外空管发展现状、空管系统对人工智能技术的需求以及人工智能在空管系统的应用几个方面进行综述和分析,最后对人工智能技术在空中交通管理中应用所面临的挑战进行了分析和展望。     

嘉兴市中医院OA系统的研究与应用

文章通过对办公自动化OA系统的研究阐述,结合嘉兴市中医医院的实际应用和浙江省医德医风考核模块的嵌入实现的情况,证明OA系统提高了医院行政办公效率,方便了医德医风考核评价分析,促进了数字化医院建设。     

对变电站自动化系统中通信管理的研究与设计

随着经济不断发展,人们对于电力的需要日益加大,变电站自动化系统对智能化和网络化的要求也在不断提高。变电站系统中,拥有着不同的电力设备和网络通信设备,如何把这些不同的设备彼此相连,实现互操作是目前电力系统考虑的重点。通信管理是整个变电站自动化系统的核心,对于各种设备之间的关联起到了中介的作用,对于数据的收集、转发和存储都有着至关重要的作用。本文将从硬件和软件两个方面对通信管理进行详细的介绍和分析。     

嘉兴市中医院OA系统的研究与应用

文章通过对办公自动化OA系统的研究阐述,结合嘉兴市中医医院的实际应用和浙江省医德医风考核模块的嵌入实现的情况,证明OA系统提高了医院行政办公效率,方便了医德医风考核评价分析,促进了数字化医院建设。     

Are Individual Differences in Software Development Performance Possible to Capture Using a Quantitative Survey?

Software engineering is human intensive. Thus, it is important to understand and evaluate the value of different types of experiences, and their relation to the quality of the developed software. Many job advertisements focus on requiring knowledge of, for example, specific programming languages. This may seem sensible at first sight, but is it really possible to capture software development performance using this kind of simple measure? On the other hand, maybe it is sufficient to have general knowledge in programming and then it is enough to learn a specific language within the new job. Two key questions are (1) whether prior knowledge of a specific language actually does improve software quality and (2) whether it is possible to capture performance using simple quantitative measures? This paper presents an empirical study where the experience, for example with respect to a specific programming language, of students is assessed using a quantitative survey at the beginning of a course on the personal software process (PSP), and the outcome of the course is evaluated, for example, using the number of defects and development time. Statistical tests are used to analyze the relationship between experience/background and the performance of the students in terms of software quality. The results are mostly unexpected, for example, we are unable to show any significant relation between experience in the programming language used and the number of defects detected.