浅析汽车电子衡称重管理系统设计与应用

随着计算机技术的迅速发展,汽车电子衡称重管理系统的设计与应用迈入各个行业,克服传统称重舞弊现象、查询信息难、工作效率低下等问题,极大提升了企业信息化管理水平与生产效能。本文从目前传统汽车称重存在问题、汽车电子衡称重管理系统的涵义与作用、系统设计原则、系统设计简述、系统软件的主要功能与特点五方面,来浅析汽车电子衡称重管理系统设计与应用。     

Nanomaterials in the field of design ergonomics: present status

Application of nanotechnology and nanomaterials is not new in the field of design, but a recent trend of extensive use of nanomaterials in product and/or workplace design is drawing attention of design researchers all over the world. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to describe the diverse use of nanomaterials in product and workplace design with special emphasis on ergonomics (occupational health and safety; thermo-regulation and work efficiency, cognitive interface design; maintenance of workplace, etc.) to popularise the new discipline ‘nanoergonomics’ among designers, design users and design researchers. Nanoergonomics for sustainable product and workplace design by minimising occupational health risks has been felt by the authors to be an emerging research area in coming years.

Practitioner Summary: Use of nanomaterials in the field of design ergonomics is less explored till date. In the present review, an attempt has been made to extend general awareness among ergonomists/designers about applications of nanomaterials/nanotechnology in the field of design ergonomics and about health implications of nanomaterials during their use.     

Ergonomic evaluation of slide boards used by home care aides to assist client transfers

Home care aides risk musculoskeletal injury because they lift and move clients; the body weight of most adults exceeds the NIOSH recommended limit for lifting. Methods to reduce manual patient lifting in institutional settings are often technically or economically infeasible in home care. Our goal was to identify suitable, safe, low-technology transfer devices for home care use. Sixteen experienced home care aides performed client transfers from wheelchair to bed (upward) and bed to wheelchair (downward) in a simulated home care environment (laboratory), using four different slide boards and by hand without a device. Aides’ hand forces were measured during client transfers; aides also evaluated usability of each board. Hand forces exerted while using slide boards were mostly lower than in manual transfer, and forces were lower in downward versus upward transfers. Aides judged a board with a sliding mechanism easier to use than boards without a sliding mechanism.

Practitioner Summary: This paper provides quantitative biomechanical measurements showing that slide boards reduced the hand forces needed by home care aides to transfer clients from bed to wheel chair and vice versa, compared to manual lifting. Using a semi-quantitative usability survey, aides identified boards with a sliding mechanism easiest to use.     

基于Web的信息管理系统的设计与测试研究

介绍了信息管理系统实现方式,信息管理系统的一般架构及其具体的实现方式,讲解了如何发布并测试信息管理系统。     

浅谈广电运营支撑系统的系统管理的设计与实现

从2009年广电大力推广NGBOSS的概念起,到国务院常务会议提出加快三网融合融合,再到三网融合融合写进政府工作报告,广电行业这两年可谓是风起云涌。NGB和三网融合的推出是从根本上改变广电网络运营市场环境体制和业务结构,广电网络运营商将从单一的节目传输运营商转变为综合信息服务提供商,这是实质上的一个转变。我们将新形势下的广电称为新广电,在三网融合时间表已经推出,三网融合试点城市即将推出之际,建设能够为新广电提供运营支撑的下一代综合业务运营支撑系统及新BOSS迫在眉睫。本文首先介绍了运营支撑系统的基本概念,并对运营支撑系统的系统管理功能模块进行设计与实现。     

Ergonomics in the development and implementation of organisational strategy for sustainability

This is the first phase of an ergonomics study of sustainability in a rail organisation, particularly environmental sustainability. The main emphasis has been on the use of a qualitative approach to carry out in-depth consultation with those in influential and policy setting roles in the organisation, collecting and analysing perceptions on sustainability policy and related business processes. The study identified factors affecting implementation of policy on sustainability and these have been developed to produce a list of requirements for implementing the policy. The findings are valuable in understanding the range of attitudes, aspirations and perceived constraints, from the perspective of those in senior roles in the company, and development of a sustainability strategy for a rail infrastructure owner. There is need for wider consultation, both within the organisation and externally, to validate and refine the understanding of barriers to the implementation of the policy. The role of ergonomics in supporting the work on sustainability is discussed.

Practitioner Summary: The study collects in-depth views from senior managers on the challenges of implementing a policy on sustainability in a rail organisation. Outputs include a list of factors affecting implementation of policy and requirements for better implementation of policy in this area. Potential contributions of ergonomics to sustainability in organisational contexts are discussed.     

航空公司现场运行系统的设计与实现

现场运行系统是为航空公司地面现场运行部门设计的适用于组织、监控现场生产的信息系统.它通过航班动态信息、地面服务信息共享及加强生产进度信息的反馈,提高现场运行部门的监控生产进度的能力,保障航班正点,从而达到提高航班服务的质量.本文叙述了该系统的设计与实现,包括系统的结构、功能以及数据流程等,以期为同类系统提供有益的参考.     

送教上门教学管理系统的设计与实现

受教育权是每个人的基本权利,教育部门应及时为残疾程度过重,无法到校就读的学龄儿童提供送教上门服务,从而保障残疾学生的受教育权,避免残疾儿童错过最佳发展时机。本文梳理了特殊教育学校开展送教管理的实际需求,给出了送教管理系统的设计方案和系统实现方法,为学校更好的开展送教上门工作提供了技术解决方案。     

数字化城市管理系统的研究与设计

随着城市建设的日渐成熟,高效科学管理城市的重要性日渐凸现,数字化城市管理的重要性将越来越突出。本论文给出了数字化城市管理系统的具体设计方案,对于进一步推动我国数字化城市管理系统应用具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Effect of physical activity and air velocity on the thermal insulation of clothing

Abstract

Intrinsic thermal clothing insulation and surface air insulation were measured on human subjects by the use of indirect calorimetry. Four male clothing ensembles (0-1-1 -8 clo) and three female clothing ensembles (0-2-1-2 clo) were investigated. Using the standing position as a reference, the influence of sitting, bicycling (40r.p.m., 20 W), walking (3-75 km hour^?1) and of light packing work on the thermal insulation was studied. The influence of an air velocity of 11ms^?1 on thermal insulation during the standing and walking conditions was investigated. The results showed that: (i) intrinsic clothing insulation was maximal in the standing position. It was reduced by 8-18% in the seated position and by 30-50% during bicycling and walking. An air velocity of 11ms^?1 did not influence the intrinsic clothing insulation during walking, but decreased it by 18% in the standing position; (ii) surface air insulation varied with activity and air velocity, but not with clothing. It was increased by up to 25% in the seated position, reduced by 7-26% during bicycling and by 30-50% during walking. An air velocity of 11 ms-1 reduced the surface air insulation by 50% in the standing position and 30% during walking.     

建模与仿真及VV＆A管理系统设计

为了对建模与仿真（Modeling and Simulation，M＆S）以及校核、验证与确认（Verification、Validation and Accreditation，VV＆A）活动的全生命周期予以有效管理，提高建模与仿真的可信性，设计了建模与仿真及VV＆A管理系统（Modeling ＆ Simulation and VV＆A Management System，MSVMS）。MSVMS以一套完备的M＆S及VV＆A信息管理分布式数据库为核心，采用对M＆S及VV＆A开发应用过程中各种状态信息与事件信息记录的方式，对M＆S以及VV＆A全生命周期进行管理，并具有通用性和灵活性的特点。该系统已经成功用于管理某型地空导弹建模与仿真试验，为整个系统的确认与验收提供了有益的帮助。     

The role of the New Zealand forest industry injury surveillance system in a strategic ergonomics,safety and health research programme

Forestry is among the most hazardous of all industry sectors internationally. In New Zealand, highest work-related morbidity and mortality incidence rates are found in the logging sector. The New Zealand Forest Industry Accident Reporting Scheme (ARS) is a forestry injury surveillance system maintained by the Centre for Human Factors and Ergonomics (COHFE). The paper highlights the pivotal role of an industry-wide injury surveillance system in an industry-specific strategic research programme, giving examples of the use of ARS data in identification of priority areas for ergonomics, safety and health research attention, for safety awareness feedback to the industry, and in the evaluation of injury countermeasures. An analysis of injury patterns and trends for one high-risk forestry operation (skid work) is presented to illustrate both the capabilities and limitations of the ARS in its present stage of development.     

模型与实例设计模式在工作流管理系统设计中的应用

描述了工作流管理系统的开发中,归纳总结出来的一个用于处理模型与实例关系的设计模式——模型与实例,并通过该设计模式在工作流管理系统设计中的一个具体应用,介绍了如何使用模型与实例设计模式进行设计。     

Ergonomists’ and Engineers’ Views on the Utility of Virtual Human Factors Tools

A qualitative research study was conducted through explorative workshops to better understand the experiences, perceptions, needs, and expectations of the users and potential users of virtual human factors (VHF) tools. Five VHF tools were presented to ergonomists, engineers, and managers who participated in four whole‐day interactive workshops: HF enabled predetermined motion time systems (PMTS), discrete event simulation (DES), complex and simple digital human models (DHM), and virtual reality (VR). Data were collected by note‐takers, digital audio recording, and written feedback. Identified characteristics shared by the tools were organized into 9 categories that act as a motivational or deterring factor for the use of the tool: time, cost, training, difficulty of use, trustworthiness, graphics, flexibility, usefulness, and report presentation. Other tool specific areas of improvement were also identified by participants to help developers improve these design instruments.     

Bernardino Ramazzini's early observations of the link between musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomic factors

Bernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714) systematically studied the relationship between work and diseases. He realized that it was not possible to ascribe all workers' diseases to chemicals or physical agents and foresaw that other factors were involved. He observed that common diseases could originate following the maintenance either of prolonged stationary postures or of unnatural postures (e.g. bakers, workers who stand, sedentary worker, scribes, weavers) or following activities requiring heavy muscular performance (e.g. porters and woodworkers). Furthermore, Ramazzini recognized the need to undertake measures to prevent disorders from repetitive motions and manual lifting and anticipated the now accepted advice of moderation and recommendations of reduction of work duration for a number of hard jobs requiring a standing position or severe muscular effort. From his early writings therefore it is evident that Ramazzini realized the importance of assessing the ergonomic factors associated with the occurrence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders.     

Occupational and environmental risk factors for falls among workers in the healthcare sector

Falls are a leading cause of occupational injury for workers in healthcare, yet the risk factors of falls in this sector are understudied. Falls resulting in workers' compensation for time-loss from work from 2004–2007 for healthcare workers in British Columbia (BC) were extracted from a standardised incident-reporting database. Productive hours were derived from payroll data for the denominator to produce injury rates; relative risks were derived through Poisson regression modelling. A total of 411 falls were accepted for time-loss compensation. Compared to registered nurses, facility support workers (risk ratio (95% CI) = 6.29 (4.56–8.69)) and community health workers (6.58 (3.76–11.50)) were at high risk for falls. Falls predominantly occurred outdoors, in patients' rooms and kitchens depending on occupation and sub-sector. Slippery surfaces due to icy conditions or liquid contaminants were a leading contributing factor. Falls were more frequent in the colder months (January–March). The risk of falls varies by nature of work, location and worker demographics. The findings of this research will be useful for developing evidence-based interventions.

Statement of Relevance: Falls are a major cause of occupational injury for healthcare workers. This study examined risk factors including occupation type, workplace design, work setting, work organisation and environmental conditions in a large healthcare worker population in BC, Canada. The findings of this research should contribute towards developing evidence-based interventions.     

The effects of body armour on the power development and agility of police officers

Abstract

A study was conducted in which 11 police officers wore one of three different types of Individual Light Armour Vests (ILAV), or normal station wear, for an entire day while completing power and agility-based tasks including a vertical jump (VJ), agility test, 20?m sprint and counter movement jump (CMJ). Despite all three ILAVs being significantly (p?<?.05) heavier than normal station wear, there were no significant differences between any of the ILAVs in VJ, time to complete the agility test, 20?m sprint time, peak force, velocity, power and jump distance in the CMJ. There was a significantly (p?<?.05) higher mean force produced in the CMJ while wearing all three ILAVs. The ILAV’s investigated do not appear to be heavy enough to significantly affect the power or agility of police officers. The utilisation of ILAVs by police officers does not appear to hinder policing tasks that involve agility or power development.

Practitioner summary: The addition of the extra load of military-styled body armour is known to decrease performance and mobility. When compared to normal station wear, the wearing of three different ILAV types used in policing do not appear to be heavy enough to affect the power or agility of police officers.

Abbreviations: ILAV: individual light armour vest; VJ: vertical jump; CMJ: counter movement jump; N: normal station wear     

关于网络安全管理平台的设计与实现

随着多媒体设备和计算机技术的发展与应用,人类社会的活动越来越依赖网络,具体的表现是无论是国家政府部门,还是社会团体甚至是个人企业都在建设和发展自己的网络,使其能在互联网当中实现“资源共享”、从而被人们阅读,好增高知名度.但是由此也带来许多与网管相关的安全工作：恶意攻击、病毒等等.因此,我们要重视网络完全的问题,并且需要有关技术部门研发出一个适合广大群众使用的安全管理平台.本文主要从以下几个方面展开论述网管平台安全的实际与实现.     

基于Web的交通工程管理系统设计与实现

提出了基于Web的交通工程管理系统的设计方案,从权限管理、工程信息管理、图文档管理等方面讨论了该系统方案的实现方法。     

云计算技术在信息化服务中的应用与创新

云计算作为当前信息领域的一个热点,其高可靠性、可扩展性和高度灵活性,推进IT行业的发展,也逐步影响着医疗卫生信息化服务。文章论述了云计算平台的主要服务类型及云计算技术的基本概念、技术特点,介绍了云计算技术在医疗卫生行业中的应用,提出了云计算技术在医疗卫生信息化服务的具体创新服务,以适应云环境的发展要求。