改善三元乙丙橡胶耐油性能的研究

研究氯化聚乙烯(CPE)、丁腈橡胶(NBR)与三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)并用对共混胶力学性能和耐油性能的影响。结果表明,在EPDM/CPE共混胶中随CPE用量的增加,硫化胶的硬度、拉伸强度、撕裂强度和定伸应力呈现上升趋势、在ASTM3号油中浸泡后体积变化率变化不明显;在EPDM/NBR共混胶中随NBR用量的增加,硫化胶的拉伸强度、撕裂强度和定伸应力呈现下降趋势、在油中体积变化率明显减小;在EPDM/NBR/CPE共混胶中随NBR和CPE用量的增加,硫化胶的力学性能变化不明显,但在油中浸泡体积变化率明显降低,通过电镜照片对共混胶断面分析得知CPE的加入明显改善了EPDM和NBR之间的相容性。     

螺杆泵定子用氢化丁腈橡胶耐油性能研究

研究了不同牌号生胶、炭黑和增塑剂用量对氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)耐油性的影响。结果表明,丙烯腈含量越高,耐非极性油和弱极性油的效果越好;随着炭黑和增塑剂用量的增加,HNBR硫化胶经0~#柴油浸泡后的质量变化率和体积变化率减小,即耐0~#柴油性能增强;硫化胶在0~#柴油中浸泡的24 h内,0~#柴油浸入硫化胶的速度最快,此时质量变化率和体积变化率值最大,之后随着浸泡时间的延长,体积变化率和质量变化率值呈下降趋势;当增塑剂用量继续增大到28份时,增塑剂的析出将大于0~#柴油的浸入,质量变化率和体积变化率出现负值。另外还发现,螺杆泵定子用氢化丁腈橡胶浸泡在0~#柴油中后,硫化胶的体积一直在增加,但质量却在48 h后开始减少。     

高压海水介质对丁腈橡胶性能的影响

研究高压海水介质对丁腈橡胶(NBR)各项性能的影响。结果表明:随着浸泡时间的延长,NBR硫化胶的质量变化率呈增大趋势;拉伸强度和拉断伸长率呈减小趋势;压缩疲劳温升和压缩永久变形减小,且老化温度越高,压缩疲劳温升和压缩永久变形越小;阻尼性能降低,且老化温度越高,阻尼性能越差。     

纳米碳酸钙在低温耐油丁腈橡胶中的试验研究

介绍了纳米碳酸钙对丁腈橡胶（NBR）硫化胶的低温和耐油性能的影响。试验结果表明,在NBR中加入20份纳米碳酸钙能．显著提高硫化胶的压缩耐寒系数,改善低温回弹性,并可提高橡胶制品的低温使用性能。同时可使硫化胶的耐油溶涨性能也得到改善,耐油体积变化率和重量变化率下降。     

不同共混比NBR/CR共混胶的性能研究

研究了普通硫黄硫化体系下不同共混比的NBR/CR共混胶在热空气以及热油老化(100 ℃,72 h)前后物理机械性能的变化规律。结果表明,老化前随着CR用量的增多,NBR/CR共混胶的M_H-M_L随之增大,硫化程度变大,硬度变大,拉伸强度略微上升;热空气老化后,NBR/CR共混胶随CR用量的增多,拉伸强度略微上升,扯断伸长率下降,但其扯断伸长率变化率以及100%定伸应力变化率较NBR硫化胶的变化率小,即加入CR后NBR/CR共混胶耐热空气性能得到改善;NBR/CR共混胶经热油老化后,硬度下降,拉伸强度略微下降。     

NBR并用少量ACM对共混胶耐热油及耐热空气性能的影响

研究了在丁腈橡胶(NBR)中并用少量丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM),以改善其硫化胶的耐热油老化及耐热空气老化性能。硫化体系为硫磺/三巯基均三嗪(TCY)并用。结果表明,NBR/ACM并用比在95/5至75/25之间,热油和热空气老化后皆有较好的性能保持率。随着ACM并用比的增加,热油浸泡之后的质量变化率和体积变化率下降,拉伸强度下降,撕裂强度上升,拉断伸长率下降;热油老化之后拉断伸长率的保持率上升,定伸应力和硬度基本不变,正硫化时间和焦烧时间缩短。     

无ZnO硫磺/TCY硫化体系对ACM/NBR共混胶性能的影响

研究了无ZnO情况下TCY/S用量对丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)/丁腈橡胶(NBR)共混胶的硫化特性、两相交联密度、老化前后物理机械性能的影响,并与ACM、NBR硫化胶做了性能对比。结果表明,随着TCY/S用量增大:ACM/NBR硫化速度逐渐加快,整体硫化程度增大;ACM相交联密度先增大后不变,NBR相交联密度增大,共混胶中各相交联密度与各自纯胶交联密度大致相同;硫化胶硬度和模量上升,扯断伸长率下降,拉伸强度先上升后下降,TCY/S用量1/0.75时拉伸强度达到最大值;热油和热空气老化之后拉伸强度较老化前下降,且下降幅度与TCY/S用量成正比,热油老化之后的体积质量变化率下降;ACM/NBR共混胶的力学性能好于对应的ACM、NBR硫化胶。     

硫黄用量对NBR/CM并用胶性能的影响

研究在硫黄/过氧化物硫化体系下硫黄用量对NBR/氯化聚乙烯橡胶(CM)性能的影响。结果表明,随着硫黄用量的增大,NBR/CM并用胶的交联密度增大,硫化速率先增大后减小;硫化胶的100%定伸应力呈下降趋势,拉伸强度、拉断伸长率、浸油前后的质量变化率和体积变化率均先增大后减小,撕裂强度和压缩永久变形呈增大趋势,耐磨性能提高,耐热空气老化性能下降;当硫黄用量为0.8份时,NBR/CM并用胶的综合性能较好。     

氯醚橡胶/丁腈橡胶共混物的结构与性能

研究了不同并用比的氯醚橡胶（ECO）／丁腈橡胶（NBR）共混物的相态结构,力学性能,耐老化性能和耐油性能,透射电镜照片显示：ECO／NBR为70／30（质量份,下同）时共混物呈双连续相：为60／40和40／60时ECO都为分散相,且两相界面清晰。加入NBR降低了ECO的拉伸强度和看断伸长率,以及耐热空气老化性能,随着NBR用量的提高,共混物硫化胶在油中的体积变化率增加,ECO／NBR为70／30时硫化胶在100℃热油中的性能保持率最高,而且体积变化率与ECO的相当。     

NBR／EPVC共混胶硫化特性和耐油性能的研究

以NBR／EPVC共混比、DOP用量和DCP用量为变量,研究了NBR／EPVC共混胶的硫化特性（最小转矩和最大转矩）和耐油性能（耐油质量变化率和体积变化率）。结果表明,随EPVC用量的增加,共混胶硫化特性变差．硫化速度减慢,耐油性能下降;随DOP用量的增加,共混胶硫化性能变差．硫化速度变化不大,耐油性能先提高后下降;随DCP用量的增加,共混胶硫化性能改善,硫化速度加快,耐油性能下降。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

我国聚碳酸酯工业发展概况

介绍我国聚碳酸酯生产能力和消费需求,对聚碳酸酯在信息工业中的应用作了简短介绍     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.